medicine from Montana State University in 1974 and a Ph.D. in pharmacology and toxicology from the University of Kansas Medical Center in 1978. Dr. Eaton’s research interests include the molecular basis of chemically induced cancers and understanding how human genetic variation in biotransformation enzymes may increase or decrease individual susceptibility to natural and synthetic chemicals found in the environment. He has served on numerous boards and committees, including service as president of the Society of Toxicology in 2001-2002 and as a member of the NRC Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology (BEST). Dr. Eaton has served as chair of the NRC Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants and as a member of the Panel on Arsenic in Drinking Water. Dr. Eaton has been awarded many distinguished fellowships and honors, including the Achievement Award from the Society of Toxicology in 1990. He is an elected fellow of the Academy of Toxicological Sciences and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Dennis M. Bier is professor of pediatrics and director of the Children’s Nutrition Research Center and program director of the General Clinical Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. Bier earned a B.S. from Le Moyne College in 1962 and an M.D. from New Jersey College of Medicine in 1966. Dr. Bier’s research interests include the role of nutrition in human health and in the prevention and treatment of disease and the role of maternal, fetal, and childhood nutrition on the growth, development, and health of children through adolescence. He also has professional interests in the long-term consequences of nutrient inadequacy during critical periods of embryonic and fetal life through infancy and childhood and on the pathogenesis of adult chronic diseases. Dr. Bier has expertise in macronutrients (carbohydrate, lipid, and protein), intermediary metabolism, tracer kinetics, diabetes, obesity, and endocrine disorders. Dr. Bier was elected to the Institute of Medicine in 1997 and was a member of IOM’s Food and Nutrition Board. He also served on the IOM Committee on Implications of Dioxin in the Food Supply.

Joshua T. Cohen is a lecturer at Tufts New England Medical Center in the Institute for Clinical Care Research and Health Policy Studies. He earned his B.A. (1986) in applied mathematics and Ph.D. (1994) in decision sciences from Harvard University. Dr. Cohen’s research focuses on the application of decision analytical techniques to environmental risk management problems with a special emphasis on the proper characterization and analysis of uncertainty. He was the lead author on a study comparing the risks and benefits of changes in population fish consumption patterns, an analysis of the risks and benefits of cell-phone use while driving, and a study comparing the costs and health impacts of advanced diesel and compressed