Appendix A
Acronyms and Initialisms
3d-Var three-dimensional variational assimilation
4d-Var four-dimensional variational assimilation
ACE Advanced Composition Explorer
AFD Area Forecast Discussion
AHPS Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service
AMS American Meteorological Society
ASC ACE Science Center
AWC Aviation Weather Center
BMA Bayesian model averaging
BSE bovine spongiform encephalitis
CAS Constructed Analog on Soil moisture
CCA canonical correlation analysis
CCFP Collaborative Convective Forecast Product
CCMC Community Coordinated Modeling Center
CDC Climate Diagnostic Center
CFS Climate Forecast System
CISM Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling
CMC Canadian Meteorological Centre
CNRFC California Nevada River Forecast Center
COLA Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies
CONUS Continental United States
CPC Climate Prediction Center
CRPS Continuous Ranked Probability Score
CTB Climate Test Bed
DA data assimilation
DART Data Assimilation Research Testbed
DTaP diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
DTC Developmental Testbed Center
EC Equal Chances
ECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
EMC Environmental Modeling Center
EMWIN Emergency Managers Weather Information Network
EnKF ensemble Kalman filters
EnKS ensemble Kalman smoothers
ENSO El Niño/Southern Oscillation
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ESP ensemble streamflow prediction
ESRL Earth System Research Laboratory
FNMOC Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center
FOS Family of Services
GFDL Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
GMB EMC Global Climate and Weather Modeling Branch
GODAS Global Ocean Data Assimilation System
GSI Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation
HPC Hydrometeorological Prediction Center
HSS Heidke skill score
IFPS Interactive Forecast Preparation System
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IRI International Research Institute
IWIN Interactive Weather Information Network
LAF Lagged Average Forecast
MDL Meteorological Development Laboratory
MMB EMC Mesoscale Modeling Branch
MOS Model Output Statistics
MST Minimum Spanning Tree
NAEFS North American Ensemble Forecasting System
NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research
NCDC National Climatic Data Center
NCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction
NDFD National Digital Forecast Database
NDGD National Digital Guidance Database
NGDC National Geophysical Data Center
NHC National Hurricane Center
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOMADS National Operational Model Archive and Distribution System
NSSL National Severe Storms Lab
NWP numerical weather prediction
NWS National Weather Service
NWR NOAA Weather Radio
NWWS NOAA Weather Wire Service
OAR Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
OCN Optimal Climate Normals
OHD Office of Hydrologic Development
PDA personal digital assistant
PDD Product/Service Description Document
PDF probability density function
PoP Probability of Precipitation
QPF quantitative precipitation forecast
RAL NCAR Research Applications Laboratory
RFC River Forecast Center
RFC Regional Forecast Center
RFP Request for Proposals
RISA Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessment
ROC Relative Operating Characteristic
RPC Rapid Prototyping Center
RPS Ranked Probability Score
RSM Regional Spectral Model
SAB Science Advisory Board
SEC Space Environment Center
SLP sea level pressure
SMLR Screening Multiple Linear Regression
SPC Storm Prediction Center
SREF short-range ensemble forecast
SSI NCEP Spectral Statistical Interpolation
SST sea surface temperature
TAF Terminal Aerodrome Forecast
TAR IPCC Third Assessment Report
THORPEX The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment
TIGGE THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble
TPC Tropical Prediction Center
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
WFO Weather Forecast Office
WGNE Working Group on Numerical Experimentation
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WRF-AR Weather Research and Forecasting Advanced Research
WRF-NMM Weather Research and Forecasting Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model
WWRP World Weather Research Programme