New Source Review for Stationary Sources of Air Pollution

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New Source Review for Stationary Sources of Air Pollution (2006)
Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology (BEST)

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. "2 Regulatory Overview." New Source Review for Stationary Sources of Air Pollution. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2006.

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New Source Review for Stationary Sources of Air Pollution

TABLE 2-1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Pollutant or Indicator	Averaging Times	Primary Standard	Secondary Standard
Carbon monoxide (CO)	8 hr^a	9 ppm (10 mg/m³)	None
	1 hr^a	35 ppm (40 mg/m³)	None
Lead (Pb)	Quarter (average)	1.5 µg/m³	Same as primary
Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)	Year (average)	0.053 ppm (100 µg/m³)	Same as primary
Particulate matter < 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀)^f	Year (average)^b	50 µg/m³	Same as primary
Particulate matter < 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀)^f	24 hr^a	150 µg/m³	Same as primary
Particulate matter < 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5)^f	Year (average)^c	15 µg/m³	Same as primary
	24 hr^d	65 µg/m³	Same as primary
Ozone (O₃	)8 hr^e	0.08 ppm	Same as primary
Sulfur oxides (SO_x)	Year (average)	0.03 ppm	—
	24 hr^a	0.14 ppm	—
	3 hr^a	—	0.5 ppm (1,300 µg/m³)
^aNot to be exceeded more than once per calendar year. ^bTo attain this standard, the expected annual average PM₁₀ concentration at each monitor in an area must not exceed 50 µg/m³. ^cTo attain this standard, the 3-year average of the annual average PM_2.5 concentrations from single or multiple community-oriented monitors must not exceed 15 µg/m³. ^dTo attain this standard, the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hr concentrations at each population-oriented monitor in an area must not exceed 65 µg/m³. ^eTo attain this standard, the 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily maximal 8-hr average O₃ concentrations measured at each monitor in an area over each year must not exceed 0.08 ppm. ^fEPA has recently proposed to revise these standards (see 71 Fed. Reg. 2620 [2006]). SOURCE: EPA 2004a.

The CAA defines a modification as “any physical change, or change in the method of operation of a stationary source” that significantly “increases” its emissions of air pollution (CAA §111(a)(4), 42 USC § 7411(a)(4)).¹ That definition applies to both the PSD (CAA §169(2)(C), 42 USC § 7479(2)(C)) and Part D NSR (CAA § 171(4), 42 USC § 7501(4)) programs. The definition covers not only the addition of new emission points to existing sources

The CAA does not expressly exempt even very small increases in emissions. But EPA, with court approval, has exempted nonsignificant increases from NSR. Significance levels are set out in Box 2-1. Use of the term “physical change” in the rest of this report also includes a change in the method of operation of a stationary source.