more informed updating of the model. Such an investment of effort may not be warranted only to understand the effects of the NSR rule changes, but development of a better working model of the effect of regulations on plant-level decision making would help to inform numerous future analyses. In addition, the use of bottom-up sectoral models is impaired because such models do not exist for sectors other than the electricity-generating sector. Steps should be taken to compile the necessary input data to support development of models for other industry sectors, such as petroleum refining, to allow for more-informed future analyses.