Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World: An Assessment of U.S. Needs

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Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World: An Assessment of U.S. Needs (2007)
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. "2 U.S. Strategic Interests and Missions in the Polar Regions." Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World: An Assessment of U.S. Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2007.

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Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World: An Assessment of U.S. Needs

TABLE 2.1 List of Signatories to the Antarctic Treaty

No.	State	Date	Status	Date Acceding State Became Consultative Party
1	United Kingdom	May 31, 1960	OS/CP
2	South Africa	June 21, 1960	OS/CP
3	Belgium	July 26, 1960	OS/CP
4	Japan	August 4, 1960	OS/CP
5	United States of America	August 18, 1960	OS/CP
6	Norway	August 24, 1960	OS/CP
7	France	September 16, 1960	OS/CP
8	New Zealand	November 1, 1960	OS/CP
9	Russia^a	November 2, 1960	OS/CP
10	Poland	June 8, 1961	AS/CP	July 29, 1977
11	Argentina	June 23, 1961	OS/CP
12	Australia	June 23, 1961	OS/CP
13	Chile	June 23, 1961	OS/CP
14	Czech Republic^b	June 14, 1962	AS
15	Slovak Republic^b	June 14, 1962	AS
16	Denmark	May 20, 1965	AS
17	Netherlands	March 30, 1967	AS/CP	November 19, 1990
18	Romania	September 15, 1971	AS
19	German Democratic Republic^c	November 19, 1974	AS/CP	October 5, 1987
20	Brazil	May 16, 1975	AS/CP	September 12, 1983
21	Bulgaria	September 11, 1978	AS/CP	May 25, 1998
	Germany, Federal Republic of	February 5, 1979	AS/CP	March 3, 1981
22	Uruguay	January 11, 1980	AS/CP	October 7, 1985
23	Papua New Guinea^d	March 16, 1981	AS
24	Italy	March 18, 1981	AS/CP	October 5, 1987
25	Peru	April 10, 1981	AS/CP	October 9, 1989
26	Spain	March 31, 1982	AS/CP	September 21, 1988
27	China, People’s Republic of	June 8, 1983	AS/CP	October 7, 1985
28	India	August 19, 1983	AS/CP	September 12, 1983
29	Hungary	January 27, 1984	AS
30	Sweden	April 24, 1984	AS/CP	September 21, 1988
31	Finland	May 15, 1984	AS/CP	October 9, 1989
32	Cuba	August 16, 1984	AS
33	Korea, Republic of	November 28, 1986	AS/CP	October 9, 1989
34	Greece	January 8, 1987	AS
35	Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of	January 21, 1987	AS
36	Austria	August 25, 1987	AS
37	Ecuador	September 15, 1987	AS/CP	November 19, 1990
38	Canada	May 4, 1988	AS
39	Colombia	January 31, 1989	AS
40	Switzerland	November 15, 1990	AS
41	Guatemala	July 31, 1991	AS
42	Ukraine	October 28, 1992	AS/CP	May 27, 2004
43	Turkey	January 25, 1996	AS
44	Venezuela	May 24, 1999	AS
45	Estonia	May 17, 2001	AS
NOTE: OS = original signatory; CP = consultative party; AS = acceding state; dates represent the dates of ratification of the treaty by the original signatories or the dates of accession or succession by other states. ^aKnown as the Soviet Union until December 1990. ^bSucceeded to the Treaty as part of Czechoslovakia which separated into two republics on January 1, 1993. ^cBecame united with Federal Republic of Germany on October 3, 1990 (now known as Germany). ^dAcceded to the Treaty after independence from Australia. SOURCE: Antarctic Treaty Secretariat web site (http://www.ats.aq)