. "4 Health Risks Associated with Seafood Consumption." Seafood Choices: Balancing Benefits and Risks. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2007.
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Seafood Choices: Balancing Benefits and Risks
TABLE 4-11 Estimated Annual Occurrence of Parasitic Infections Due to Consumption of Seafood, Based on Original Compilation by FDA
Parasite
Worldwide
USA
Source
Tapeworm
9,000,000
100,000
Bylund, 1982
Fluke
20,000,000
Relatively low
Rim, 1982
Roundworm
2000+
50
Higashi, 1985
SOURCE: As referenced in FDA, 1987.
the number of cases over 24 months during 1998–2000 at 38 parasitic infections, of which 17 were anisikiasis, 16 were diphyllobothriasis, and 5 were pseudoterranoviasis. In the final report, the AGA estimated the actual number of infections would likely be 270 cases. This survey is considered one of the most current estimates for seafoodborne parasite infections in the United States but as a single survey, it is also considered underreporting. Nevertheless, seafoodborne parasitic infections are not common in the United States.
The guidelines for seafood processing and handling that accompanied the FDA mandate for HACCP regulations introduced additional specific controls to further prevent seafoodborne parasitic infections (FDA, 2001a). The FDA identified seafood species of concern (Table 4-12) and controls for HACCP program compliance (Table 4-13). Cooking and freezing had previously been reported as effective methods to kill parasites in order to
TABLE 4-12 Seafood Identified by the FDA that Could Involve Potential Parasite Hazards If Consumed Raw and Not Previously Frozen
NOTES: The general market names can include numerous species from various locations. The original sources should be referenced for actual species identified.
aIncludes wild and aquacultured sources if fresh fish or plankton used as feed.
bOnly applies to small tuna species; excludes large tuna species such as the yellowfin, bigeye, bluefin, and albacore.
