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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrigenomics and Beyond: Informing the Future: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11845.
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Nutrigenomics AND Beyond

INFORMING THE FUTURE

Workshop Summary

Ann L. Yaktine and Robert Pool, Rapporteurs

Food and Nutrition Board

INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrigenomics and Beyond: Informing the Future: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11845.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

This study was supported by Contract No. 59-1235-6-133 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Contract No. 236-MO-607868 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; and Contract No. 236-MD-608975 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Additional support came from Institute of Medicine internal funds. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-10489-0

International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-10489-0

Additional copies of this report are available from the

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For more information about the Institute of Medicine, visit the IOM home page at: www.iom.edu.

Copyright 2007 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

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The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The serpent adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin.

Suggested citation: Institute of Medicine (IOM). 2007. Nutrigenomics and beyond: Informing the future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrigenomics and Beyond: Informing the Future: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11845.
×

“Knowing is not enough; we must apply.

Willing is not enough; we must do.”

—Goethe

INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES


Advising the Nation. Improving Health.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrigenomics and Beyond: Informing the Future: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11845.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine


The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.


The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.


The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.


The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.


www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrigenomics and Beyond: Informing the Future: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11845.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR THE WORKSHOP ON INFORMING NUTRITION RESEARCH THROUGH NUTRIGENOMICS AND NUTRIGENETICS

NICHOLAS J. SCHORK (Chair), Director of Research,

Scripps Genomic Medicine and

Professor,

Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA

ROBERT J. COUSINS, Boston Family Professor of Human Nutrition and Director,

Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida

J. GLENN MORRIS, JR., Professor and Chair,

Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine

JOSE M. ORDOVAS, Director of Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Director of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Programs, Professor of Nutrition and Genetics,

Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center, Tufts University, MA

PATRICK J. STOVER, Professor,

Department of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, NY

Consultant Writer

ROBERT POOL

Staff

ANN L. YAKTINE, Study Director

SANDRA AMAMOO-KAKRA, Senior Program Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrigenomics and Beyond: Informing the Future: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11845.
×

FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD*

DENNIS M. BIER (Chair),

Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX

MICHAEL P. DOYLE (Vice Chair),

Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin

DIANE BIRT,

Center for Research on Dietary Botanical Supplements, Iowa State University, Ames

YVONNE BRONNER,

School of Public Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD

SUSAN FERENC,

Chemical Producers and Distributors Association, Alexandria, VA

NANCY F. KREBS,

Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver

REYNALDO MARTORELL,

Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA

J. GLENN MORRIS, JR.,

Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore

SUZANNE P. MURPHY,

Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu

JOSE M. ORDOVAS,

Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA

JIM E. RIVIERE,

College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh

NICHOLAS J. SCHORK,

Scripps Genomic Medicine and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA

REBECCA J. STOLTZFUS,

Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY

JOHN W. SUTTIE,

Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison

WALTER C. WILLETT,

Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA

BARRY L. ZOUMAS,

Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Staff

LINDA D. MEYERS, Director

GERALDINE KENNEDO, Administrative Assistant

ANTON L. BANDY, Financial Associate

*

Institute of Medicine boards do not review or approve individual reports and are not asked to endorse conclusions and recommendations. The responsibility for the content of the report rests with the authoring committee and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrigenomics and Beyond: Informing the Future: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11845.
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Reviewers

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:


Joseph H. Nadeau, Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University

Nicholas J. Schork, Scripps Genomic Medicine and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA

Patrick Stover, Institute for Nutritional Genomics, Department of Nutritional Science, Cornell University

Roger Sunde, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison


Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Jim E. Riviere, Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics and College of

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrigenomics and Beyond: Informing the Future: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11845.
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Veterinary Medicine, College of Physical and Mathematical Science, North Carolina State University. Appointed by the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrigenomics and Beyond: Informing the Future: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11845.
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The integration of biology, genomics, and health has opened the possibility of applying genomics technology to nutrition. In 2001, scientists associated with the Human Genome Project announced the successful mapping of the reference sequence of the human genome. Since then, a body of information has emerged. Genomics and related areas of research have contributed greatly to efforts to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying diet-disease relationships. Integration and application of genetic and genomics technology into nutrition research is, therefore, needed to develop nutrition research programs that are aimed at the prevention and control of chronic disease through genomics-based nutritional interventions. Of interest is the integration of relevant computational methods into nutritional genomics research; the enhancement of tools applicable to systems biology; and the effective dissemination of genomics-derived information to scientists, policy makers, and the interested public.

To address these issues, a workshop was held on June 1 and 2, 2006. The workshop included presentations that were structured around three focus sessions: human genetic variation, epigenetics, and systems biology. A fourth session presented discussions on the implications of nutrigenomics for the future of nutrition science research.

Numerous themes emerged from the workshop presentations. First, nutrigenomics is a complex field because it addresses issues related to multigenetic traits that can be modified by a number of nutritional and other environmental factors. Such complexity presents a challenge to the field; and the ensuing research opportunities will require cooperative work among scientific disciplines and across government, academic, and industrial centers, as well as adequate funding, to be realized.

Additionally, the ability to stretch the limits of conventional research methodologies afforded by new genetic and genomic applications at the level of the individual opens the door to a wealth of potential benefits to areas such as disease prevention and wellness, bearing in mind the necessity of ethical safeguards. This potential, however, must be wisely exploited to avoid the pitfalls of overpromising research results and prematurely setting unrealistic expectations for beneficial outcomes. Finally, careful and rigorous research must be employed to optimize outcomes and assure acceptance by the scientific community. In summary, nutrition science is uniquely poised to serve as the crossroads for many disciplines and, using genomics tools, can bring this knowledge together to better understand and address diet-related chronic diseases and molecular responses to dietary factors.

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