National Academies Press: OpenBook
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2007. The Future of U.S. Chemistry Research: Benchmarks and Challenges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11866.
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THE FUTURE OF U.S. Chemistry Research

BENCHMARKS AND CHALLENGES

Committee on Benchmarking the Research Competitiveness of the United States in Chemistry

Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology

Division on Earth and Life Studies

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2007. The Future of U.S. Chemistry Research: Benchmarks and Challenges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11866.
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NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CTS-0534814 and the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG02-05ER15735.

Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-10533-0

International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-10533-1

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 2007927596

Additional copies of this report are available from the

National Academies Press,

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Copyright 2007 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2007. The Future of U.S. Chemistry Research: Benchmarks and Challenges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11866.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine


The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.


The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.


The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.


The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.


www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2007. The Future of U.S. Chemistry Research: Benchmarks and Challenges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11866.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2007. The Future of U.S. Chemistry Research: Benchmarks and Challenges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11866.
×

COMMITTEE ON BENCHMARKING THE RESEARCH COMPETITIVENESS OF THE UNITED STATES IN CHEMISTRY

Chairperson

CHARLES P. CASEY,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Members

JOANNA AIZENBERG,

Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent, Murray Hill, NJ

PAUL S. ANDERSON,

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (retired), Lansdale, PA

LOUIS E. BRUS,

Columbia University, New York, NY

SYLVIA T. CEYER,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

GREGORY R. CHOPPIN,

Florida State University (emeritus), Tallahassee

CATHERINE C. FENSELAU,

University of Maryland, College Park

JOANNA S. FOWLER,

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY

JOSEPH S. FRANCISCO,

Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN

TIMOTHY E. LONG,

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg

TOBIN J. MARKS,

Northwestern University, Evanston, IL

MICHELE PARRINELLO,

ETH Zürich, Switzerland

CHI-HUEY WONG,

Academia Sinica (Taiwan) and Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA

Staff

ALBERT EPSHTEYN, Christine Mirzayan Graduate Fellow (January-March 2007)

TINA M. MASCIANGIOLI, Program Officer

KELA MASTERS, Project Assistant

ERICKA MCGOWAN, Associate Program Officer

FEDERICO SAN MARTINI, Program Officer

JOSÉ ZAMBRANA, Christine Mirzayan Graduate Fellow (June-August 2006)

DOROTHY ZOLANDZ, Director, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2007. The Future of U.S. Chemistry Research: Benchmarks and Challenges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11866.
×

BOARD ON CHEMICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

Chairpersons

ELSA REICHMANIS,

Alcatel-Lucent, Murray Hill, NJ

F. FLEMING CRIM,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Members

PAUL T. ANASTAS,

Yale University, New Haven, CT

GARY S. CALABRESE,

Rohm & Haas Company, Philadelphia, PA

JEAN DE GRAEVE,

Université de Liège, Belgium

PABLO G. DEBENEDETTI,

Princeton University, Princeton, NJ

MILES P. DRAKE,

Weyerhauser Company, Federal Way, WA

GEORGE W. FLYNN,

Columbia University, New York, NY

MAURICIO FUTRAN,

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, NJ

PAULA T. HAMMOND,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

ROBERT HWANG,

Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM

JAY V. IHLENFELD,

3M Research & Development, St. Paul, MN

JAMES L. KINSEY,

Rice University, Houston, TX

MARTHA A. KREBS,

California Energy Commission, Sacramento

CHARLES T. KRESGE,

Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI

SCOTT J. MILLER,

Yale University, New Haven, CT

GERALD V. POJE, Independent Consultant,

Vienna, VA

DONALD PROSNITZ,

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA

MATTHEW V. TIRRELL,

University of California, Santa Barbara

National Research Council Staff

TINA M. MASCIANGIOLI, Program Officer

KELA MASTERS, Project Assistant

ERICKA M. MCGOWAN, Associate Program Officer

SYBIL A. PAIGE, Administrative Associate

JESSICA L. PULLEN, Research Assistant

FEDERICO SAN MARTINI, Program Officer

DOROTHY ZOLANDZ, Director

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2007. The Future of U.S. Chemistry Research: Benchmarks and Challenges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11866.
×

Acknowledgment of Reviewers

This report has been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:

Dr. Andreas Manz, ISAS—Institute for Analytical Sciences, Dortmund, Germany

Dr. John M. Campbell, Sr., (Retired President and CEO, Campbell Companies), Norman, OK

Dr. Catherine E. Costello, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA

Dr. Miles P. Drake, Weyerhaeuser Company, Allentown, PA

Dr. Erick M. Carreira, ETH Hönggerberg, Zürich, Switzerland

Dr. Lloyd M. Robeson, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, PA

Dr. Mark S. Wrighton, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO

Dr. William A. Lester, Jr., University of California, Berkeley, CA

Dr. Gordon Brown, Stanford University, Pasadena, CA

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2007. The Future of U.S. Chemistry Research: Benchmarks and Challenges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11866.
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Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the report before its release. The review was overseen by Dr. Maxine Savitz, retired, General Manager, Technology/Partnerships Honeywell Inc, appointed by the National Research Council and Dr. C. Bradley Moore, Northwestern University, appointed by the Division on Earth and Life Studies, who was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authors and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2007. The Future of U.S. Chemistry Research: Benchmarks and Challenges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11866.
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Chemistry plays a key role in conquering diseases, solving energy problems, addressing environmental problems, providing the discoveries that lead to new industries, and developing new materials and technologies for national defense and homeland security. However, the field is currently facing a crucial time of change and is struggling to position itself to meet the needs of the future as it expands beyond its traditional core toward areas related to biology, materials science, and nanotechnology.

At the request of the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Research Council conducted an in-depth benchmarking analysis to gauge the current standing of the U.S. chemistry field in the world. The Future of U.S. Chemistry Research: Benchmarks and Challenges highlights the main findings of the benchmarking exercise.

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