dence suggests sports drinks are useful for facilitating hydration, providing energy, and replacing electrolytes. The committee’s recommended standard is consistent with conclusions of expert panels who considered this issue in adults. The committee suggests that the individual athletic coach determine whether sports drinks are made available to student athletes under allowable conditions to maintain hydration.

Standard 10: Foods and beverages are not used as rewards or discipline for academic performance or behavior.

Some schools have reported the use of foods and beverages as an aid in managing behavior. In the committee’s judgment, such use of foods and beverages in schools is inappropriate. Establishing an emotional connection between food and acomplishment encourages poor eating habits, and in the committee’s judgment should not be allowed.

Standard 11: Minimize marketing of Tier 2 snacks, foods, and beverages in the high school setting by

• locating Tier 2 food and beverage distribution in low student traffic areas; and

• ensuring that the exteriors of vending machines do not depict commercial products or logos or suggest that consumption of vended items conveys a health or social benefit.

The presence in some high schools of vending machines or other mechanisms to market Tier 2 snacks, foods, and beverages after school leaves open an opportunity to promote products during the regular school day, even if these vending machines operate only after the end of the regular school day. In making this recommendation, the committee concurs with the recommendations of the recent IOM report on food and beverage marketing to children.

Standard 12: Tier 1 snack items are allowed after school for student activities for elementary and middle schools. Tier 1 and Tier 2 snacks are allowed after school for high school.

The committee’s recommended standard applies specifically to after-school activities that are attended mainly by students and thus represent an extension of the regular school day.

Many school-related activities that take place in the late afternoon and evening involve both students and adults or, in some instances, mainly adults. These include interscholastic sporting events, back-to-school nights,