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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Energy Requirements." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools: Leading the Way Toward Healthier Youth. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11899.
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APPENDIX B
Energy Requirements

Estimated Energy Requirements for Boys and Girls

In this sample, median physical activity levels (low active PAL) ranged from 1.47 to 1.54 in 5- to 10-year-old children, 1.53 to 1.79 (low active to active PAL) in 11- to 13- year-old children, and 1.63 to 1.89 (active PAL) in 14- to 18-year-olds. Based on this information, appropriate discretionary energy provided as snacks for elementary school children would range between 124 and 169 calories; for middle school children, between 163 and 236 calories, and for high school students, between 210 and 294 calories.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Energy Requirements." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools: Leading the Way Toward Healthier Youth. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11899.
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TABLE B-1 Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) for Boys 3 Through 18 Years of Age

 

 

 

 

Total Energy Expenditure (kcal/d)

Age (y)

Reference Weight (kg)

Reference Height (m)

Sedentary PAL

Low Active PAL

Active PAL

Very Active PAL

3

14.3

0.95

1,142

1,304

1,465

1,663

4

16.2

1.02

1,195

1,370

1,546

1,763

5

18.4

1.09

1,255

1,446

1,638

1,874

6

20.7

1.15

1,308

1,515

1,722

1,977

7

23.1

1.22

1,373

1,597

1,820

2,095

8

25.6

1.28

1,433

1,672

1,911

2,205

9

28.6

1.34

1,505

1,762

2,018

2,334

10

31.9

1.39

1,576

1,850

2,124

2,461

11

35.9

1.44

1,666

1,960

2,254

2,615

12

40.5

1.49

1,773

2,088

2,403

2,792

13

45.6

1.56

1,910

2,251

2,593

3,013

14

51

1.64

2,065

2,434

2,804

3,258

15

56.3

1.7

2,198

2,593

2,988

3,474

16

60.9

1.74

2,295

2,711

3,127

3,638

17

64.6

1.75

2,341

2,771

3,201

3,729

18

67.2

1.76

2,358

2,798

3,238

3,779

EER (kcal/d)

Discretionary Energy (kcal/d)

Sedentary PAL

Low Active PAL

Active PAL

Very Active PAL

Sedentary PAL

Low Active PAL

Active PAL

Very Active PAL

1,162

1,324

1,485

1,683

105

119

134

151

1,215

1,390

1,566

1,783

109

125

141

160

1,275

1,466

1,658

1,894

115

132

149

170

1,328

1,535

1,742

1,997

120

138

157

180

1,393

1,617

1,840

2,115

125

146

166

190

1,453

1,692

1,931

2,225

131

152

174

200

1,530

1,787

2,043

2,359

138

161

184

212

1,601

1,875

2,149

2,486

144

169

193

224

1,691

1,985

2,279

2,640

152

179

205

238

1,798

2,113

2,428

2,817

162

190

219

254

1,935

2,276

2,618

3,038

174

205

236

273

2,090

2,459

2,829

3,283

188

221

255

295

2,223

2,618

3,013

3,499

200

236

271

315

2,320

2,736

3,152

3,663

209

246

284

330

2,366

2,796

3,226

3,754

213

252

290

338

2,383

2,823

3,263

3,804

214

254

294

342

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Energy Requirements." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools: Leading the Way Toward Healthier Youth. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11899.
×

TABLE B-2 Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) for Girls 3 Through 18 Years of Age

 

 

 

 

Total Energy Expenditure (kcal/d)

Age (y)

Reference Weight (kg)

Reference Height (m)

Sedentary PAL

Low Active PAL

Active PAL

Very Active PAL

3

13.9

0.94

1,060

1,223

1,375

1,629

4

15.8

1.01

1,113

1,290

1,455

1,730

5

17.9

1.08

1,169

1,359

1,537

1,834

6

20.2

1.15

1,227

1,431

1,622

1,941

7

22.8

1.21

1,278

1,495

1,699

2,038

8

25.6

1.28

1,340

1,573

1,790

2,153

9

29

1.33

1,390

1,635

1,865

2,248

10

32.9

1.38

1,445

1,704

1,947

2,351

11

37.2

1.44

1,513

1,788

2,046

2,475

12

41.6

1.51

1,592

1,884

2,158

2,615

13

45.8

1.57

1,659

1,967

2,256

2,737

14

49.4

1.6

1,693

2,011

2,309

2,806

15

52

1.62

1,706

2,032

2,337

2,845

16

53.9

1.63

1,704

2,034

2,343

2,858

17

55.1

1.63

1,685

2,017

2,328

2,846

18

56.2

1.63

1,665

1,999

2,311

2,833

EER (kcal/d)

Discretionary Energy (kcal/d)

Sedentary PAL

Low Active PAL

Active PAL

Very Active PAL

Sedentary PAL

Low Active PAL

Active PAL

Very Active PAL

1,080

1,243

1,395

1,649

97

112

126

148

1,133

1,310

1,475

1,750

102

118

133

158

1,189

1,379

1,557

1,854

107

124

140

167

1,247

1,451

1,642

1,961

112

131

148

176

1,298

1,515

1,719

2,058

117

136

155

185

1,360

1,593

1,810

2,173

122

143

163

196

1,415

1,660

1,890

2,273

127

149

170

205

1,470

1,729

1,972

2,376

132

156

177

214

1,538

1,813

2,071

2,500

138

163

186

225

1,617

1,909

2,183

2,640

146

172

196

238

1,684

1,992

2,281

2,762

152

179

205

249

1,718

2,036

2,334

2,831

155

183

210

255

1,731

2,057

2,362

2,870

156

185

213

258

1,729

2,059

2,368

2,883

156

185

213

259

1,710

2,042

2,353

2,871

154

184

212

258

1,690

2,024

2,336

2,858

152

182

210

257

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Energy Requirements." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools: Leading the Way Toward Healthier Youth. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11899.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Energy Requirements." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools: Leading the Way Toward Healthier Youth. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11899.
×
Page 179
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Energy Requirements." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools: Leading the Way Toward Healthier Youth. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11899.
×
Page 180
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Energy Requirements." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools: Leading the Way Toward Healthier Youth. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11899.
×
Page 181
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Energy Requirements." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools: Leading the Way Toward Healthier Youth. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11899.
×
Page 182
Next: Appendix C Nutrition Standards for Competitive Foods Sold in Elementary, Middle, or High School Set by States »
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Food choices and eating habits are learned from many sources. The school environment plays a significant role in teaching and modeling health behaviors. For some children, foods consumed at school can provide a major portion of their daily nutrient intake. Foods and beverages consumed at school can come from two major sources: (1) Federally funded programs that include the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), the School Breakfast Program (SBP), and after-school snacks and (2) competitive sources that include vending machines, "a la carte" sales in the school cafeteria, or school stores and snack bars.

Foods and beverages sold at school outside of the federally reimbursable school nutrition programs are referred to as “competitive foods” because they compete with the traditional school lunch as a nutrition source. There are important concerns about the contribution of nutrients and total calories from competitive foods to the daily diets of school-age children and adolescents.

Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools offers both reviews and recommendations about appropriate nutrition standards and guidance for the sale, content, and consumption of foods and beverages at school, with attention given to foods and beverages offered in competition with federally reimbursable meals and snacks. It is sure to be an invaluable resource to parents, federal and state government agencies, educators and schools, health care professionals, food manufacturers, industry trade groups, media, and those involved in consumer advocacy.

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