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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. consumption trends, 69 fortified, 41 industry efforts to improve nutritional value of, 114–115 nonnutritive sweeteners in, 8, 130–132 obesity and, 61 recommendations for school day availability, 10–11 regulatory trends, 111 sugar content, 6, 59–60, 127–128 Tier 1 classification, 123 Tier 2 classification, 124 See also Competitive foods and beverages in schools Bone health, 35–36, 56, 58, 60 C Caffeine consumption patterns, 50 potential adverse effects, 9, 51–53, 134 recommended nutrition standards, 9–10, 133–134 sources, 50 Calorie intake current standards for school meals, 25 discretionary calorie allowance, 63–65 low nutrient density foods, 62–65 nonnutritive sweeteners and, 8, 48–50 patterns and trends, 15, 23, 43–44, 60 sugar, 58 from sugar-sweetened beverages, 60 weight gain and, 62 See also Intake, energy and nutrient Cardiovascular disease, 33 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1–2, 19, 87 Channel One, 98 Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act, 1, 16–19 Child Nutrition Labeling Program, 128 Child Nutrition Promotion and School Lunch Protection Act, 108 Civil Rights Act, 74 Competitive foods and beverages in schools after-school sales, 11–12, 84, 136–137 Alliance for a Healthier Generation guidelines, 114, 115, 257–262 current nutritional characteristics, 16, 24 current regulation, 78–79, 109, 183–255 determinants of access and availability, 16 effects on student food intake, 85–86, 107 evolution of regulation, 104–105 financial effects of restricting, 96–97 foods used as reward or discipline, 11, 85, 135–136 national school meals program and, 76–77, 79, 104, 107, 124 rationale for nutrition standards, 16, 23–24, 25–26, 107–108, 118 recommendations for after-school availability, 11–12, 136–137 recommended standards for nonnutritive food components, 8–10, 130–134 recommended standards for nutritive food components, 4–8, 126–130 recommended standards for school day availability, 10–11, 134–136 as school revenue source, 75, 77, 91–97, 104, 110, 148 two-tier classification, 3–4, 119, 120 D Dairy products displacement by sweetened beverages, 59–60 sugar content, 6–7, 59, 128–129 Tier 1 foods, 123
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