research needs, 155, 265

resistance monitoring, 150–151, 154

stigma reduction, 150

supply chain management, 162–164

training for health care workers, 145–146, 258

utilization, 141, 145

Attributions for success, 144–145

B

Bacterial vaginosis, 53

Behavioral surveillance, 7, 113, 114, 132, 133, 134, 135

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 41

Blood safety, 115, 128–129, 137

Breastfeeding, 125–126

C

Capacity building initiatives, 252–259

Care services

budget allocations, 67, 99, 106–107

challenges, 200–201

classification, 172–173

community-based, family-centered, 178–180, 201

comprehensive, 172, 174–175, 178, 179, 191

contracting for, 178

definition and scope, 169, 171–172

delivery mechanisms, 169

effectiveness, 173

harmonization of, 201

health care worker training, 169, 176, 188–190

home-based, 70, 177, 182, 191–192, 193–194

integration with prevention and treatment efforts, 13, 99–100, 134–136, 142, 155, 170, 200, 202

major HIV/AIDS program elements, 48

needs of women and girls, 196–197

nondiscrimination in, 14, 82, 91–92

opportunities for improvement, 190

pain management, 194–195

palliative care, 171–172, 194–195, 200–201

PEPFAR delivery, 169, 173–176, 181–188, 201–202, 245–246

PEPFAR five-year performance targets, 25–26, 58, 169, 173

PEPFAR transition to sustainability, 190

planning, 180–181

preventive interventions in, 116, 169, 182–184

program performance evaluation, 265

psychosocial, 177, 192–193

quality assessment, 202

recommendations for, 13, 170, 200

stigmatization effects, 56–57

volunteer workers, 193–194

See also Counseling and testing

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 84–85, 104, 263

Child caregivers, 55

Children

AIDS mortality, 145

antiretroviral therapy utilization, 141, 145

immunization, 230

infection patterns and trends, 125

pain management, 195

sources of infection, 125

testing for infants, 187–188, 230

treatment, 152–153, 155–156

See also Mother-to-child transmission of HIV;

Orphans and other vulnerable children

Communication mechanisms and practices, 86–87, 97–98

Community-based approach

capacity building, 253–254

care services, 201

characteristics, 178

current service delivery, 46–47

goals, 47

network model, 177, 178–179

prevention of mother-to-child transmission, 126

recommendations for, 13, 170, 200

services for orphans and other vulnerable children, 215, 219–222

Community health worker model of care, 189

Comorbid infections

in children, 156

implications for treatment, 157

opportunistic infections, 184

prevalence, 157

preventive interventions, 182–184

See also Malaria;

Tuberculosis

Front Matter (R1-R22)

Abstract and Summary (1-20)

Part I The U.S. Global AIDS Initiative, 1 Introduction (21-34)

2 The U.S. Global AIDS Initiative: Context and Background (35-78)

Part II Progress on the First 5-Year Strategy -- PEPFAR, 3 PEPFAR's Management (79-112)

4 PEPFAR's Prevention Category (113-140)

5 PEPFAR's Treatment Category (141-168)

6 PEPFAR's Care Category (169-204)

7 PEPFAR's Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children Category (205-240)

Part III Looking to the Future, 8 Toward Sustainability (241-270)

Appendix A Acknowledgments (271-286)

Appendix B Methods (287-300)

Appendix C Plan for a Short-term Evaluation of PEPFAR Implementation -- Letter Report # 1 (301-332)

Appendix D Selected Bibliography for 25-Year Overview of Global HIV/AIDS (333-334)

Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms (335-336)

Appendix F Committee and Staff Biographies (337-354)

Appendix G Information-Gathering Meeting Agendas (355-362)

Index (363-374)