. "4 Alternatives to Terran Biochemistry in Water." The Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2007.
The following HTML text is provided to enhance online
readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML.
Please use the page image
as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy.
The Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems
4.5 REFERENCES
1. Cleland, C., and Copley, S. 2006. The possibility of alternative microbial life on Earth. Int. J. Astrobiology 4(3):165-173.
2 Ball, P. 2004. Starting from scratch. Nature 431:624-626.
4 Switzer, C.Y., Moroney, S.E., and Benner, S.A. 1989. Enzymatic incorporation of a new base pair into DNA and RNA. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111:8322-8323.
5 Piccirilli, J.A., Krauch, T., Moroney, S.E., and Benner, S.A. 1990. Extending the genetic alphabet. Enzymatic incorporation of a new base pair into DNA and RNA. Nature 343:33-37.
6 Sismour, A.M., Lutz, S., Park, J.-H., Lutz, M.J., Boyer, P.L., Hughes, S.H., and Benner, S.A. 2004. PCR amplification of DNA containing non-standard base pairs by variants of reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus-1. Nucl. Acids. Res. 32:728-735.
7 Sismour, A.M., and Benner, S.A. 2005. The use of thymidine analogs to improve the replication of an extra DNA base pair: A synthetic biological system. Nucl. Acids Res. 33:5640-5646.
11 Wengel, J., Koshkin, A., Singh, S.K., Nielsen, P., Meldgaard, M., Rajwanshi, V.K., Kumar, R., Skouv, J., Nielsen, C.B., Jacobsen, J.P., Jacobsen, N., and Olsen, C.E. 1999. LNA (locked nucleic acid). Nucleosides Nucleotides 18:1365-1370.
12 Schöning, K.U., Scholz, P., Guntha, S., Wu, X., Krishnamurthy, R., and Eschenmoser, A. 2000. Chemical etiology of nucleic acid structure. The α-threofuranosyl-3′→2′ oligonucleotide system. Science 290:1347-1351.
13 Chin, J.W., Cropp, T.A., Anderson, J.C., Mukherji, M., Zhang, Z.W., and Schultz, P.G. 2003. An expanded eukaryotic genetic code. Science 301:964-967.
14 Bain, J.D., Chamberlin, A.R., Switzer, C.Y., and Benner, S.A. 1992. Ribosome-mediated incorporation of non-standard amino acids into a peptide through expansion of the genetic code. Nature 356:537-539.
16 Jayaraman, K., McParland, K., Miller, P., and Tso, P. O. P. 1981. Non-ionic oligonucleoside methylphosphonates. 4. Selective inhibition of Escherichia coli protein synthesis and growth by non-ionic oligonucleotides complementary to the 3′ end of 16S ribosomal-RNA. Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:1537-1541.
17 Miller, P.S., McParland, K.B., Jayaraman, K., Tso, P.O.P. 1981. Biochemical and biological effects of nonionic nucleic acid methylphosphonates. Biochemistry 20:1874-1880.
18 Reddy, P.M., and Bruice, T.C. 2003. Solid-phase synthesis of positively charged deoxynucleic guanidine (DNG) oligonucleotide mixed sequences. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 13:1281-1285.
19 Benner, S.A., and Hutter, D. 2002. Phosphates, DNA, and the search for nonterran life. A second generation model for genetic molecules. Bioorg. Chem. 30:62-80.
20 Steinbeck, C., and Richert, C. 1998. The role of ionic backbones in RNA structure: An unusually stable non-Watson-Crick duplex of a nonionic analog in an apolar medium. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120:11576-11580.
21 Flory, P.J. 1953. Principles of Polymer Chemistry. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y.
22 Brant, D.A., and Flory, P.J., 1965. The configuration of random polypeptide chains. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 87:2788.
23 Lee, D.H., Granja, J.R., Martinez, J.A., Severin, K., and Ghadiri, M.R. 1996. A self replicating peptide. Nature 382:525-528.
24 Cronin, J.R., and Pizzarello, S. 1986. Amino acids of the Murchison meteorite. III. Seven carbon acyclic primary alpha-amino alkanoic acids. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 50:2419-2427.
25 Ahn, J.-M., Boyle, N.A., MacDonald, M.T., and Janda, K.D. 2002. Peptidomimetics and peptide backbone modifications. Mini. Rev. Med.Chem. 2:463-473.
26 Yamauchi, K., Mitsuda, Y., and Kinoshita, M. 1975. Peptides containing aminophosphonic acids 3. Synthesis of tripeptide containing aminomethylphosphonic acid. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 48:3285-3286.
27 Geyer, C.R., Battersby, T.R., and Benner, S.A. 2003. Nucleobase pairing in expanded Watson-Crick-like genetic information systems. The nucleobases. Structure 11:1485-1498.
