Federal agencies that support information technology research and development should give priority to basic research to further software-enabled system dependability, emphasizing a systems perspective and evidence. In keeping with this report’s approach, such research should emphasize a systems perspective and “the three Es” (explicit claims, evidence, and expertise) and should be informed by a systems view that attaches more importance to those advances that are likely to have an impact in a world of large systems interacting with other systems and operators in a complex physical environment and organizational context.