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Part ~ Understanding the Spread of HIV Infection In Part I, we discuss key aspects of the scientific knowledge re- quired to understand the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the epidemic of acquired immune deficiency syn- drome (AIDS). Chapter 1 reviews estimates of the current size of the epidemic and evaluates the statistical data systems that have been established to monitor the spread of HIV in the United States. Chapters 2 and 3 discuss the two major classes of behavior that have spread HIV infection and thereby sustained the epidemic: sexual behavior and intravenous (IV) drug use.