the restriction of training grants to U.S. citizens and permanent residents as required by the Public Health Service Act⁷ is an impediment to recruitment of new talent into the field.

RECOMMENDATION 1: Train nuclear medicine scientists. To address the shortage of nuclear medicine scientists, engineers, and research physicians, the NIH and the DOE, in conjunction with specialty societies, should consider convening expert panels to identify the most critical national needs for training and determine how best to develop appropriate curricula to train the next generation of scientists and provide for their support.

RECOMMENDATION 2: Provide additional, innovative training grants. To address the needs documented in this report, specialized instruction of chemists from overseas could be accomplished in some innovative fashion (particularly in DOE-supported programs) by linking training to research. This might take the form of subsidies for course development and delivery as well as tuition subventions. By directly linking training to specific research efforts, such subventions would differ from conventional NIH/DOE training grants.