|
Agency
|
Year
|
Guideline or Action
|
Notes and References
|
|
DOE
|
1949
|
2 µg/m3 OEL (DWA)
|
DWA is averaged from samples over quarterly periods
|
|
|
1999
|
0.2 µg/m3 (8-h TWA action level)
|
Action level triggers worker-protection measures; issued while waiting for OSHA to complete rule-making (64 Fed. Reg. 68854 [1999]).
|
|
|
2006
|
Worker safety and health program
|
71 Fed. Reg. 6858 (2006)
|
|
ACGIH
|
1959
|
2 µg/m3 TLV (8-h TWA)
|
ACGIH 2006
|
|
|
1975
|
A2 carcinogen (suspected human carcinogen)
|
ACGIH 2006
|
|
|
1997
|
A1 carcinogen (confirmed human carcinogen)
|
ACGIH 2006
|
|
|
1999
|
0.2 µg/m3 TLV (8-h TWA, inhalable particulate mass, sensitizer; notice to change)
|
ACGIH 2006
|
|
|
2005
|
0.05 µg/m3 TLV (8-h TWA, inhalable particulate mass, sensitizer, skin exposure; notice of intended change)
|
ACGIH 2006
|
|
NIOSH
|
1972
|
2 µg/m3 REL (8-h TWA)
|
NIOSH 1972
|
|
|
1977
|
0.5 µg/m3 REL (10-h TWA)
|
Potential occupational carcinogen; NIOSH recommended that OSHA reduce PEL (NIOSH 1977); not clear from documentation whether REL in 1977 was for 8 h or 10 h. NIOSH (2005) reports it as 10-h TWA
|
|
OSHA
|
1971
|
2 µg/m3 PEL (8-h TWA)
|
PEL was adopted from ANSI standard (OSHA 2002)
|
|
|
1975
|
1 µg/m3 PEL (8-h TWA; proposed value)
|
Proposed value is based on presumption of carcinogenicity; never promulgated (40 Fed. Reg. 48814 [1975]; OSHA 2002)
|
|
|
1999, 2001
|
OSHA petitioned to issue an emergency temporary standard
|
Petition denied by OSHA, but OSHA stated its intent to begin data-gathering (OSHA 2002)
|
|
|
2002
|
Request for information issued
|
67 Fed. Reg. 70700 (2002)
|
|
AIHA
|
1964
|
2 µg/m3 hygienic standard (8-h TWA)
|
AIHA 1964
|
|
ANSI
|
1970
|
2 µg/m3 OEL for particles ≤5 µm (8-h TWA)
|
ANSI 1970
|
|
IARC
|
1993
|
Human carcinogen (Group 1)
|
IARC 1993
|
|
EPA
|
1998
|
RfC = 0.02 µg/m3
|
Value based on sensitization and progression to CBD (EPA 1998a)
|
|
|
|
Air unit risk = 2.4 × 10−3 per µg/m3
|
Value based on lung cancer (EPA 1998a)
|
|
|
|
Community PEL (24-h ambient air limit) = 0.01 µg/m3
|
40 CFR § 61.32
|
|
ABBREVIATIONS: ACGIH, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; AIHA, American Industrial Hygiene Association; ANSI, American National Standards Institute; CBD, chronic beryllium disease; DOE, U.S. Department of Energy; DWA, daily weighted average; EPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; NIOSH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; OEL, occupational exposure limit; OSHA, Occupational Safety and Health Administration; PEL, permissible exposure limit; REL, recommended exposure limit; RfC, reference concentration (inhalation); RfD, reference dose (oral); TLV, Threshold Limit Value; TWA, time-weighted average.
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