Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 143
Manpower and Personnel Needs for a Transformed Naval Force
B
Details on Demographics
OCR for page 144
Manpower and Personnel Needs for a Transformed Naval Force
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
BOX B.1
Complete Definitions of Population Groups
The following definitions are reproduced from the U.S. Census website:
White refers to people having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. It includes people who indicated their race or races as “White” or nationalities such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Near Easterner, Arab, or Polish.
Black or African American refers to people having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicated their race or races as “Black, African-American, or Negro,” or nationalities such as Nigerian, or Haitian.
American Indian and Alaska Native refers to people having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America), and who maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment. It includes people who indicated their race or races by marking this category or writing in their principal or enrolled tribe, such as Rosebud Sioux, Chippewa, or Navajo.
Asian refers to people having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent. It includes people who indicated their race or races as “Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, or other Asian,” or wrote in nationalities such as Burmese, Hmong, Pakistani, or Thai.
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander refers to people having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. It includes people who indicated their race or races as “Native Hawaiian, Guamanian or Chamorro, Samoan, or other Pacific Islander,” or nationalities such as Tahitian, Mariana Islander, or Chuukese.
Some other race was included in Census 2000 for respondents who were unable to identify with the five Office of Management and Budget race categories. Respondents who provided write-in entries such as Moroccan, South African, Belizean, or a Hispanic origin (for example, Mexican, Puerto Rican, or Cuban) are included in the “Some other race” category.
The term Hispanic is an ethnic category not a racial category for persons who identify themselves as being of Spanish origin. Unlike other Census Bureau designations, Hispanic denotes neither race nor color, and a Hispanic may be White, Black, or American Indian, as well as (1) Mexican Americans/Chicanos, (2) Puerto Ricans/Boricuas, (3) Hispanos (U.S. Hispanics who identify themselves as Spanish), (4) Cuban Americans, and (5) Latinos (Hispanics from countries other than those already mentioned). Terms other than Hispanic may be preferred. For example, many Mexican Americans prefer Chicano, Puerto Ricans may prefer Boricuas, while others may prefer the more general term, Latino.
OCR for page 145
Manpower and Personnel Needs for a Transformed Naval Force
NEW WORKFORCE ENTRANTS
TABLE B.1 Breakdown of New Workforce Entrants
Percentage of Workforce, 1985
Percentage Increase, 1985 to 2000
White male
47
15
White female
36
42
Nonwhite male
5
7
Nonwhite female
5
13
Immigrant males
4
13
Immigrant females
3
9
SOURCE: 2000 U.S. Census (www.census.gov).
TABLE B.2 High School Graduation Rates by Group
All Races
White
Black
Asian, Pacific Islander
Hispanic
Male/Female
Male/Female
Male/Female
Male/Female
Male/Female
2000
84.2/84.0
84.8/85.0
78.7/78.3
88.2/83.4
56.6/57.5
2001
84.1/84.2
84.4/85.1
79.2/78.5
90.3/85.1
55.5/58.0
2002
83.8/84.4
84.3/85.2
78.5/78.9
89.5/85.5
56.1/57.9
2003
84.1/85.0
84.5/85.7
79.6/80.3
89.5/86.0
56.3/57.8
2004
84.8/85.4
85.3/86.3
80.4/80.8
88.7/85.0
57.3/59.5
2005
84.9/85.4
85.2/86.2
81.1/81.2
90.4/85.1
58.0/58.9
SOURCE: U.S. Census website (www.census.gov).
OCR for page 146
Manpower and Personnel Needs for a Transformed Naval Force
ROLE OF THE RESERVE COMPONENT
TABLE B.3 Change in Reserve Component Manning Between 1990 and 2005
Reserve Status and Branch of Service
1990
1995
2000
2005
Total Reservesa
1,688,674
1,674,164
1,276,843
1,136,200
Ready Reserve
1,658,707
1,648,388
1,251,452
1,113,427
Armyb
1,049,579
999,462
725,771
636,355
Navy
240,228
267,356
184,080
140,821
Marine Corps
81,355
103,668
99,855
99,820
Air Forcec
270,313
263,011
229,009
223,551
Coast Guard
17,232
14,891
12,737
12,880
Standby Reserve
29,967
25,776
25,391
22,773
Army
788
1,128
701
1,668
Navy
11,791
12,707
7,213
4,038
Marine Corps
1,424
216
895
1,129
Air Force
15,369
11,453
16,429
15,897
Coast Guard
595
272
153
41
Retired Reserve
462,371
505,725
573,305
627,424
Army
223,919
259,553
296,004
321,312
Navy
111,961
97,352
109,531
117,093
Marine Corps
9,101
11,319
12,937
14,693
Air Force
117,390
137,501
154,833
174,326
aLess Retired Reserve.
bIncludes Army National Guard.
cIncludes Air National Guard.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Defense, DOD Personnel and Procurement Statistics, Personnel, Publications, Atlas/Data Abstract for the United States and Selected Areas, annual; available at <http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MMIDHOME.htm>. Last accessed January 7, 2008.
OCR for page 147
Manpower and Personnel Needs for a Transformed Naval Force
BOX B.2
Breakdown of the Three Reserve Components
All members of a reserve component are assigned to one of three reserve component categories:
The Ready Reserve comprises military members of the Reserve and National Guard, organized in units or as individuals, liable for recall to active duty to augment the active components in time of war or national emergency. The Ready Reserve consists of the following reserve component subcategories:
The Selected Reserve consists of those units and individuals within the Ready Reserve designated by their respective Services and approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as so essential to initial wartime missions that they have priority over all other Reserves. The Selected Reserve consists of additional sub-subcategories:
Drilling Reservists in Units are trained unit members who participate in unit training activities on a part-time basis.
Training Pipeline (nondeployable account) personnel are enlisted members of the Selected Reserve who have not yet completed initial active duty for training (IADT) and officers who are in training for professional categories or in undergraduate flying training.
Individual Mobilization Augmentees (IMAs) are trained individuals assigned to an active component, Selective Service System, or Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) organization’s billet that must be filled on or shortly after mobilization. IMAs participate in training activities on a part-time basis with an active component unit in preparation for recall in a mobilization.
Active Guard/Reserve (AGR) are National Guard or Reserve members of the Selected Reserve who are ordered to active duty or full-time National Guard duty for the purpose of organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training the reserve component units.
Individual Ready Reserve (IRR) personnel provide a manpower pool composed principally of individuals having had training, having previously served in an active duty component or in the Selected Reserve, and having some period of their military service obligation (MSO) remaining.
OCR for page 148
Manpower and Personnel Needs for a Transformed Naval Force
Inactive National Guard (ING) are National Guard personnel in an inactive status in the Ready Reserve, not in the Selected Reserve, attached to a specific National Guard unit, who are required to muster once a year with their assigned unit but do not participate in training activities. On mobilization, ING members mobilize with their units.
The Standby Reserve consists of personnel who maintain their affiliation without being in the Ready Reserve, who have been designated key civilian employees, or who have a temporary hardship or disability. They are not required to perform training and are not part of units but create a pool of trained individuals who could be mobilized if necessary to fill manpower needs in specific skills.
Active Status List are those Standby Reservists temporarily assigned for hardship or other cogent reason; those not having fulfilled their military service obligation or those retained in active status when provided for by law; or those members of Congress and others identified by their employers as “key personnel” and who have been removed from the Ready Reserve because they are critical to the national security in their civilian employment.
Inactive Status List are those Standby Reservists who are not required by law or regulation to remain in an active program and who retain their Reserve affiliation in a nonparticipating status, and those who have skills that may be of possible future use to the Armed Force concerned.
The Retired Reserve consists of all Reserve officers and enlisted personnel who receive retired pay on the basis of active duty and/or reserve service; all Reserve officers and enlisted personnel who are otherwise eligible for retired pay but have not reached age 60, who have not elected discharge, and are not voluntary members of the Ready or Standby Reserve; and other retired reservists under certain conditions.
SOURCE: Available at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_Component_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_United_States>. Accessed on October 5, 2007.
OCR for page 149
Manpower and Personnel Needs for a Transformed Naval Force
BOX B.3
Mobilization Categories
Full Mobilization requires a declaration of war or national emergency by the Congress, affects all reservists (including those on inactive status and retired members), and may last until six months after the war or emergency for which it was declared.
Partial Mobilization requires a declaration of national emergency, affects only the Ready Reserve, and is limited to a maximum of one million personnel activated for no more than two years.
Presidential Reserve Call-Ups do not require a declaration of national emergency but require the President to notify Congress, and each is limited to 200,000 Selected Reservists and 30,000 Individual Ready Reservists for up to 270 days.
The 15-Day Statute allows individual service secretaries to call up the Ready Reserves for up to 15 days per year for annual training or operational missions.
RC Volunteers may request to go on active duty regardless of their reserve component category, but the state governors must approve activating National Guard personnel.
SOURCE: Available at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_Component_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_United_States>. Accessed on October 5, 2007.
