National Academies Press: OpenBook

Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System (2012)

Chapter: Appendix B: Committee Biographical Information

« Previous: Appendix A: Statement of Task
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Information." National Research Council. 2012. Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12050.
×

B

Committee Biographical Information

M. Granger Morgan (NAS), Chair, is the Lord Chair Professor in Engineering; a professor and the department head, Engineering and Public Policy; a professor in electrical and computer engineering; and a professor in the H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). Dr. Morgan’s research interests are focused on policy problems in which technical and scientific issues play a central role. Methodological interests include problems in the integrated analysis of large complex systems; problems in the characterization and treatment of uncertainty; problems in the improvement of regulation; and selected issues in risk analysis and risk communication. Application areas of current interest include global climate change; the future of the energy system, especially electric power; risk analysis, including risk ranking; health and environmental impacts of energy systems; security aspects of engineered civil systems; national R&D policy; radio interference on commercial airliners; issues of privacy and anonymity; and a number of general policy, management, and manpower problems involving science and technology. Most of Dr. Morgan’s professional career has been spent at CMU with short stints at Brookhaven National Laboratory, the National Science Foundation, and University of California, San Diego. His professional activities include a large number of publications, memberships on numerous panels, including the EPA Science Advisory Board and the EPRI Advisory Board, both of which he chairs, and NRC committee work. Dr. Morgan is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He has a B.A. in physics from Harvard University, an M.S. in astronomy and space science from Cornell University, and a Ph.D. in applied physics and information science from the University of California at San Diego.

Massoud Amin is a professor of electrical and computer engineering, holds the H.W. Sweatt Chair in Technological Leadership, and is the director of the Center for the Development of Technological Leadership at the University of Minnesota in the Twin Cities. His research focuses on global transition dynamics to enhance the resilience and security of national critical infrastructures. Prior to joining the University of Minnesota in March 2003, for 5 years Dr. Amin held positions of increasing responsibility, including area manager of infrastructure security, grid operations/planning, and energy markets at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in Palo Alto, California. In the aftermath of the tragic events of 9/11, he directed all security-related research and development at EPRI, including the Infrastructure Security Initiative (ISI) and Enterprise Information Security (EIS). Prior to October 2001, he served as manager of mathematics and information science at EPRI, where he led strategic research in modeling, simulation, optimization, and adaptive control of national infrastructures for energy, telecommunication, transportation, and finance. Dr. Amin is the author or co-author of more than 120 research papers, is the editor of seven collections of manuscripts, and serves on the editorial boards of four academic journals. Dr. Amin holds B.S. (cum laude) and M.S. degrees in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, and M.S. and D.Sc. degrees in systems science and mathematics from Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri.

Edward V. Badolato was president and CEO of Integrated Infrastructure Analytics Inc. Previously, he was executive vice president for homeland security of the Shaw Group. Prior to that, Mr. Badolato was president of Contingency Management Services Inc., a security, energy, and environmental emergency-consulting firm. He has spent much time in these positions assessing the vulnerability of a variety of energy infrastructure facilities and assets. He served for 4 years at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Emergencies and International Affairs, where he was principal director of international energy affairs, energy contingency planning, crisis management, and security matters. During that period, he was the principal architect of the federal government’s nuclear weapons security programs as well as its conven-

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Information." National Research Council. 2012. Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12050.
×

tional energy emergency preparedness activities. At DOE, he was also in charge of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and led the federal fact-finding team to Alaska to gather information on the Exxon Valdez oil spill for the President. While serving in the U.S. Marine Corps, he was a military attaché to a number of Middle Eastern countries. He has also led a number of response teams to deal with oil/gas production and pipeline accidents. He has published numerous articles on energy and security and is a member of the Board of Advisors for the Association of Counterterrorism and Security Professionals and the Institute of Gas Technology. He is a member of the Institute of International Energy Economists and the American Society of Industrial Security. He is an adjunct faculty member at Georgetown University’s Graduate Business School.

William O. Ball is senior vice president, transmission planning and operations, Southern Company Services. In this role, Mr. Ball is responsible for the planning and operations of the Southern electric systems network transmission grid, transmission policy, and industry interfaces. He is a board member of the Southeastern Electric Reliability Council (SERC), a member of the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) Stakeholders Committee, and a member of the Advisory Board of the Consortium for Electric Reliability. Prior to his current appointment, Mr. Ball was vice president of transmission planning, policy, and support services with responsibility for transmission planning, policy, and industry interfaces, and business unit finance and accounting. From January 2001 to March 2002, Mr. Ball was vice president of technical support at Mirant (formerly Southern Energy). In this role, his responsibilities included technical due diligence on business development projects, providing transmission support and O&M support to the various business units, and establishing and implementing safety and health policy at Mirant. From 1999 to 2001, Mr. Ball held the position of director of technical support at Southern Energy, where he was responsible for ensuring that proper technical due diligence was performed on business development projects. From 1995 to 1999, he held the position of manager, system planning, with both generation and transmission planning responsibilities at Mississippi Power Company (MPC). Mr. Ball played a key role in the development and certification of the MPC 1,100 MW combined cycle facility at Plant Daniel. He also served as MPC’s technical witness in numerous regulatory hearings concerning retail access. Mr. Ball’s earlier roles included a position in the transmission planning department developing transmission pricing methods, developing Southern’s first open-access transmission tariffs, and providing transmission policy recommendations and negotiated transmission service contracts with third parties. He also worked on the development of Southern’s Clean Air Act compliance strategy and has worked in the areas of distribution engineering, system planning, and bulk power contracts. Mr. Ball is a summacum laude graduate of Mississippi State University with a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering. He also holds a master’s of business administration from the University of Southern Mississippi. Mr. Ball is a registered professional engineer.

Anjan Bose (NAE) holds the endowed Distinguished Professor of Electric Power Engineering in the College of Engineering and Architecture at Washington State University (WSU) and is the director of the NSF-sponsored Power Systems Engineering Research Center. From 1998 until 2006, he was dean of the College of Engineering and Architecture, and from 1993 until 1998, he was director of the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Dr. Bose’s research interests are in power grid control through computer technology. Prior to joining WSU, he was on the faculty of Arizona State University and, before that, the Control Data Corporation. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, has received several awards from IEEE over the years, and is a member of several professional societies. He was appointed by the Governor of Washington to the board of directors of the Washington Technology Center (and is now serving as vice-chair of the board), and by the U.S. Secretary of Energy to the committee to study the 1999 power blackouts. He has consulted for many electric power companies and related government agencies throughout the world and has extensive experience in the Western Interconnection of the United States. He has a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Iowa State University.

Clark W. Gellings is vice president of innovation at the Electric Power Research Institute. He has been at EPRI since 1982; prior to that he was with Public Service Electric and Gas Company in New Jersey. Mr. Gellings is both an electrical and a mechanical engineer with a strong background in the development of new products and services for the energy industry, especially applied to the power industry. He has many accomplishments in developing systems for demand side management, optimal and cost-effective utility management, and applying digital technology in the power sector in order to gain efficiencies in generation, dispatching, and end use. He is a member of numerous professional associations and has received many prizes for his work over the years. He has authored or co-authored more than 400 articles or papers and 10 books. He has an M.S. in mechanical engineering from the New Jersey Institute of Technology, an M.S. in management science from Stevens Institute of Technology, and a B.S. in electrical engineering from the Newark College of Engineering.

Michehl R. Gent serves on several policy committees and boards, including the United States Energy Association board and the IEEE-USA Energy Policy Committee. Formerly, Mr. Gent was president and CEO of the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC). He joined NERC

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Information." National Research Council. 2012. Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12050.
×

in 1980 as executive vice president and was elected president in 1982. Prior to joining NERC, he was general manager of the Florida Electric Power Coordinating Group—a voluntary power pool for Florida’s electric utilities. Before that, he held several positions in both operations and planning at the Los Angeles Department of Water & Power. He earned a BSEE at Texas A&M and an MSEE at the University of Southern California (USC). He has taught in the graduate schools of USC and Loyola and is a registered professional engineer.

Diane Munns is executive director, Retail Energy Services, Edison Electric Institute. Until January 2007, she served on the three-member Iowa Utilities Board following her appointment in June 1999 after 15 years of service as a regulatory attorney. She was chair of the board from October 2001 until March 10, 2005; her current term as a member ends April 30, 2009. Ms. Munns assumed the presidency of the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC) in mid-term 2005 for a term running through 2006. She is a member of the Committee on Electricity and of the Executive Committee and serves on the board of directors. She is a past chair of the NARUC Committee on Finance and Technology. She serves on the Advisory Council to the board of directors of the Electric Power Research Institute, is a member of the Advisory Council of the New Mexico State University Center for Public Utilities, and serves on the Energy Board of the Keystone Center of Science and Public Policy. Ms. Munns is also co-chair of the Leadership Group for the Energy Efficiency Action Plan for the EPA. She has served on the Executive Committee for the Organization of MISO States Inc. Ms. Munns received her bachelor’s degree from the University of Iowa and her law degree from Drake University.

Sharon L. Nelson retired as chief of the Consumer Protection Division of the Washington State Attorney General’s Office in 2006. She also served as director of the Shidler Center for Law, Commerce, and Technology at the University of Washington School of Law from 2000 to 2003, as chair of the Washington State Utilities and Transportation Commission from 1985 to 1997 and as president of the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners from 1989 to 1990. She serves on the boards of Consumers Union, Itron, and the North American Reliablity Corporation. She is a commissioner on the bipartisan National Commission on Energy Policy. She received her B.A. from Carleton College, M.A.T. from the University of Chicago, and J.D. from the University of Washington.

David K. Owens is executive vice president, Business Operations, Edison Electric Institute (EEI). Previously, Mr. Owens served as EEI senior vice president of finance, regulation, and power supply policy, focusing on enhancement of industry representation on such issues as the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), Public Utility Holding Company Act (PUHCA), the Federal Power Act, cogeneration and independent power production, transmission access, and bulk power and transmission pricing. He also has responsibility for representing the industry in the areas of finance, rate making, regulation, accounting, and taxes. Mr. Owens also served as vice president of power supply policy, overseeing work on a broad range of issues related to power supply policy and the regulatory structure of the electric utility industry. He joined EEI in 1980 as director of rates and regulation. His responsibilities included coordinating industry positions on rate-related matters before federal, executive, and congressional committees. Prior to joining EEI, Mr. Owens served as chief engineer of the Division of Corporate Regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission, a division responsible for regulating public utility holding companies. Mr. Owens also was an engineer in the Division of Rates and Corporate Regulation at the former Federal Power Commission and worked as a design and a test engineer for General Electric and Philadelphia Electric Companies, respectively. He is a member of the National Research Council’s Board on Energy and Environmental Systems. Mr. Owens holds B.S. and M.S. degrees in engineering from Howard University and an M.S. in engineering administration from George Washington University.

Louis L. Rana is president and chief operating officer of Consolidated Edison Company of New York, a position to which he was elected effective September 1, 2005. Mr. Rana joined Con Edison in 1969 and has held positions of increasing responsibility in electric operations, system operations, and engineering. From February 2003 until his election as president, Mr. Rana was senior vice president of Electric Operations, with overall responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the company’s electric system in New York City and Westchester County. He was appointed chief engineer of Distribution Engineering in 1993. He served as general manager of Manhattan Electric Operations in 1997 and was general manager of System Operations during 1997 and 1998. Mr. Rana was named vice president of System and Transmission Planning in 1998 and vice president of Manhattan Electric Operations in 2000. Mr. Rana is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Research Advisory Committee for the Electric Power Research Institute. He received a B.S. in engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology, an M.S. in electrical engineering from the New Jersey Institute of Technology, and an M.B.A. from Columbia University. Mr. Rana is a licensed professional engineer.

B. Don Russell Jr. (NAE) is Regents Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Texas A& University. His research interests are in electric power engineering, power systems protection, control, and computer automation. His policy interests are in energy systems and economics. He is also the director of the Texas

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Information." National Research Council. 2012. Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12050.
×

A&M Power Systems Automation Laboratory. Prior to his current appointment, he held several key positions in the Texas A&M system, including associate vice chancellor for engineering research, executive associate dean of the College of Engineering, and deputy director of the Texas Engineering Experiment Station. His industrial interests include the presidency of Power Solutions, an engineering design firm. Dr. Russell has received a number of IEEE awards, including the Herman Halperin Transmission and Distribution Award, and he is a fellow of five professional societies. He is past president of the IEEE Power Engineering Society. Dr. Russell is also a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He has B.S. and M.E. degrees in electrical engineering from Texas A&M University and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Oklahoma.

Richard E. Schuler is a P.E. in electrical engineering and has been a professor of economics and of civil and environmental engineering at Cornell University since 1972, where he has also been an adjunct professor in the Johnson Graduate School of Management since 1991. His research focuses on the role of infrastructure in supporting modern societies, including its organization, management, regulation, and pricing and its regional economic and environmental impact. Using both analytic and experimental techniques, he has worked extensively on developing efficient markets for reliable, deregulated electricity supplies that incorporate proper customer participation while encouraging needed investment. Together with colleagues from the Santa Fe Institute, he is also using numerical methods to explore the optimal structure of organizations in the information age. From 1995 to 2001, he directed the Institute for Public Affairs and Cornell’s MPA program, and he helped form and directed the Cornell Waste Management Institute from 1987 to 1993, during which time he was also associate director of Cornell’s Center for the Environment. Previously, Dr. Schuler served as a Public Service Commissioner in New York State (1981–983), as an energy consultant with Battelle Memorial Institute (1967–968), and as an engineer and manager with the Pennsylvania Power and Light Co. (1959–967). He has served as a faculty-elected trustee of Cornell University from 1994 to 1998, during which time the board appointed him to its executive committee, and, since its formation in 1998, he has been a member of the board of directors of the New York Independent System Operator (responsible for operating the state’s electricity system reliably and conducting an efficient wholesale market), where he chairs the Market Performance Committee. Dr. Schuler’s degrees are a B.E. in electrical engineering from Yale University in 1959, an M.B.A. in business from Lehigh University in 1969, and a Ph.D. in economics from Brown University in 1972.

Philip R. Sharp is president of Resources for the Future. A member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1975 to 1995, Sharp took key leadership roles in the development of landmark energy legislation. He helped to develop a critical part of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments and was a driving force behind the Energy Policy Act of 1992. Following his decision not to seek an 11th consecutive term in the House, Sharp joined Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, where he was a Lecturer in Public Policy from 1995 to 2001. He served as Director of Harvard’s Institute of Politics from 1995 to 1998 and again from 2004 until August 2005 and was a Senior Research Fellow in the Environmental and Natural Resources Program from 2001 to 2003. Sharp served on the Board of Directors of the Cinergy Corporation from 1995 to 2006 and on the Board of the Electric Power Research Institute from 2002 to 2006. He also chaired advisory committees for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) studies on the future of nuclear power and the future of coal. Sharp is co-chair of the Energy Board of the Keystone Center and serves on the Board of Directors of the Duke Energy Corporation and the Energy Foundation. He is also a member of the Cummins Science and Technology Advisory Council and serves on the Advisory Board of the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) and on the External Advisory Board of the MIT Energy Initiative. Sharp received his Ph.D. in government from Georgetown University.

Carson W. Taylor (NAE) is a retired principal engineer for the Bonneville Power Administration, where he had worked since 1969. His background and experience are in R&D of advanced control and operating strategies to increase transmission transfer capability and power systems reliability, and in training in modeling and simulation techniques. He has also been active in investigating power outages, system stability, security issues, and other system anomalies. He is active in IEEE, has received several awards, and publishes books and articles on a variety of power systems subjects. He is also active in training and education, passing on what he has learned through seminars and short courses. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He has a B.S in electrical engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and an M.S. in electric power engineering from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

Susan F. Tierney is a managing principal at Analysis Group and is an expert on energy policy and economics, especially in the electric and gas industries. Her areas of expertise include electric industry restructuring, market analyses, wholesale and retail market design, market monitoring, contract disputes, resource planning and analysis, asset valuations, regional transmission organizations, the siting of generation and transmission and natural gas pipeline projects, natural gas markets, electric system reliability, and environmental policy and regulation. Prior to joining Analysis Group, she was senior vice president at Lexecon. She has also served as the assistant secretary for policy at the U.S. Department of Energy, appointed by President

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Information." National Research Council. 2012. Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12050.
×

Bill Clinton and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. She was also secretary for environmental affairs in Massachusetts under Governor William Weld, and a commissioner at the Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities, to which she was appointed by Governor Michael Dukakis. She was executive director of the Massachusetts Energy Facilities Siting Council. Dr. Tierney has authored numerous articles and speaks frequently at industry conferences. She serves on a number of boards of directors and advisory committees, including the National Commission on Energy Policy. She is chair of the boards of the Energy Foundation and of Clean Air–Cool Planet and is a director of Catalytica Energy Systems Inc., the Northeast States Clean Air Foundation, the Electric Power Research Institute, and the Climate Policy Center. Dr. Tierney is a member of the Harvard Electric Policy Group, the Massachusetts Renewable Energy Trust Advisory Council, the Environmental Advisory Council of the New York Independent System Operator, and the China Sustainable Energy Program’s Policy Advisory Council. She was previously chair of the Electricity Innovations Institute and a member of the Advisory Council of the Independent System Operator–New England. She has taught at the University of California at Irvine. Dr. Tierney earned her Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in regional planning at Cornell University and her B.A. at Scripps College.

Vijay Vittal (NAE) is the Ira A. Fulton Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Arizona State University. His research interests are in the area of power system dynamics, dynamic security assessment of power systems, power system operation and control, and application of robust control techniques to power systems. He is the author and co-author of several papers in his field. In 1992, he co-authored the textbook entitled Power System Transient Stability Assessment Using the Transient Energy Function Method with A.A. Fouad, and, in 1999, he co-authored the textbook entitled Power System Analysis with A.R. Bergen. During 1993–994 he was the program director of the Power Systems Program at the National Science Foundation. He has been the recipient of several awards, including several from the IEEE, and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He received a B.E. in electrical engineering from the B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India, in 1977; an M.Tech. degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India, in 1979; and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Iowa State University, Ames, in 1982.

Paul C. Whitstock is a managing director with Marsh USA Inc., a risk and insurance services firm. He has been active in the energy industry and is well connected with insurance markets specializing in utility and power-generation risks. He is the client executive for several global energy companies and is actively involved in managing and placing insurance programs for large generating asset and transmission system portfolios. As the power and utility practice leader for Marsh’s Mid-Atlantic Zone, Mr. Whitstock acts in both a consulting and a brokerage capacity, lending his expertise in such areas as deal facilitation, risk transfer strategies, and traditional and advance risk financing strategies (including weather hedges and energy trading risks). Mr. Whitstock also has extensive experience with construction and commissioning risks associated with large power-generation projects. Mr. Whitstock has a B.S. in business administration from Ithaca College in Ithaca, N.Y. He has also completed a wide array of risk management and insurance courses at the College of Insurance in New York. In 1992, he received his Chartered Property and Casualty Underwriter designation.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Information." National Research Council. 2012. Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12050.
×
Page 119
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Information." National Research Council. 2012. Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12050.
×
Page 120
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Information." National Research Council. 2012. Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12050.
×
Page 121
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Information." National Research Council. 2012. Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12050.
×
Page 122
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Committee Biographical Information." National Research Council. 2012. Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12050.
×
Page 123
Next: Appendix C: List of Presentations and Committee Meetings »
Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $49.00 Buy Ebook | $39.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

The electric power delivery system that carries electricity from large central generators to customers could be severely damaged by a small number of well-informed attackers. The system is inherently vulnerable because transmission lines may span hundreds of miles, and many key facilities are unguarded. This vulnerability is exacerbated by the fact that the power grid, most of which was originally designed to meet the needs of individual vertically integrated utilities, is being used to move power between regions to support the needs of competitive markets for power generation. Primarily because of ambiguities introduced as a result of recent restricting the of the industry and cost pressures from consumers and regulators, investment to strengthen and upgrade the grid has lagged, with the result that many parts of the bulk high-voltage system are heavily stressed.

Electric systems are not designed to withstand or quickly recover from damage inflicted simultaneously on multiple components. Such an attack could be carried out by knowledgeable attackers with little risk of detection or interdiction. Further well-planned and coordinated attacks by terrorists could leave the electric power system in a large region of the country at least partially disabled for a very long time. Although there are many examples of terrorist and military attacks on power systems elsewhere in the world, at the time of this study international terrorists have shown limited interest in attacking the U.S. power grid. However, that should not be a basis for complacency. Because all parts of the economy, as well as human health and welfare, depend on electricity, the results could be devastating.

Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System focuses on measures that could make the power delivery system less vulnerable to attacks, restore power faster after an attack, and make critical services less vulnerable while the delivery of conventional electric power has been disrupted.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!