H
R&D Needs for the Power Delivery System
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Technology/Operational Strategy Application | Research Areas | Objectives | ||
Thwart Attack | Reduce Vulnerability | Reduce Impact | ||
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System components that are less vulnerable to incursion, gun shots, or explosive devices |
Physically robust towers, insulators, and conductors Physically robust transformers, breakers, and switchgears Low-cost undergrounding techniques |
X X |
X X X |
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New techniques for reducing stress by improving operation and maintenance |
Integrated asset management |
|
X |
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New monitoring and diagnostic techniques to reduce the impact of attacks and improve reliability |
Non-intrusive monitoring Non-destructive evaluation Low-cost dissolved gas analyzers |
X X X |
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Physically protective shields for substations and transformers |
Advanced materials for shielding |
X |
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|
Recovery equipment (to recover from attacks) |
Substation recovery (temporary) transformers Recovery breakers |
|
|
X X |
Advanced protection devices to mitigate outages from attacks |
Self-programming power electronic relays |
|
X |
X |
Sensors and communication to increase monitoring, mitigate outages, and enhance response |
Wide-area measurement Dynamic thermal circuit rating Video sag monitoring Integrated electricity and communication system architecture Precision high-speed time-stamped monitoring Enhanced visualization |
|
X X X X X X |
X X X X X X |
Computational ability to monitor systems, mitigate outages, and better plan restoration |
Topology estimating CAR monitoring [Truly] real-time analysis Integrated engineering and economic methodology for power system operation Market simulation Fast simulation and modeling Advanced training simulators Advanced date storage, management, and incident reconstruction |
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X X X X
X X X X |
X
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Technology/Operational Strategy Application | Research Areas | Objectives | ||
Thwart Attack | Reduce Vulnerability | Reduce Impact | ||
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Passive technology to increase power flow on existing rights of way to reduce the potential impact of events | Reconfiguring (new bundles, higher voltages, etc.)High-amperage conductors High-temperature superconducting cables Composite structures |
X X X X |
X X X X |
|
Short-circuit current limiters to reduce the possibility of cascading outages |
Power electronics based |
X |
X |
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Enhanced control of the existing system to reduce vulnerability and enhance recovery |
Reducing the cost of current-generation FACTS devices Voltage-source converters Asynchronous rotating machines Advanced systems control |
X |
X |
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Developing software that thwarts cyber attacks |
Hardening energy management systems against cyber attacks |
X |
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TABLE H.2 Research Area Options for Enabling New Bulk Power (Transmission) System Architecture
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Technology/Operational Strategy Application | Research Areas | Objectives | ||
Thwart Attack | Reduce Vulnerability | Reduce Impact | ||
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Technologies to enable complete control of the power system to mitigate outages and enhance restoration | Advanced power electronic devices Advanced DC back-to-back Low-cost FACTSPower electronic breakers Intelligent universal substation transformers Multi-layered control strategies Distributed autonomous agents Integrated control strategies Complete system automation Self-healing topology Object models for all digital devices |
X X X X X X X X X X |
X X X X X X X X |
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Technologies to enable smaller synchronous or DC systems to operate in an integrated fashion so as to reduce system vulnerability |
Microgrids |
X |
X |
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Technologies to greatly increase power flow to reduce stress and mitigate outages |
AC superconducting cables |
X |
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Innovative computational ability technologies |
Fast modeling and simulation |
X |
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TABLE H.3 Research Area Options Primarily for Existing Distribution System Architecture
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Technology/Operational Strategy Application | Research Areas | Objectives | ||
Thwart Attack | Reduce Vulnerability | Reduce Impact | ||
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Asset management to reduce system stress | Integrated asset management Tighter voltage control Monitoring of capacitor banks |
X X X |
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Increased power flow to reduce stress on the system |
Reconfiguring and increasing voltage |
|
X |
|
Improved reliability and system vulnerability |
Reducing underground construction costs |
X |
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Enhanced control to reduce stress and enhance restoration |
Power electronics network protectors |
X |
X |
|
Reconfigured network grids in large cities |
Submersible fast switches |
X |
X |
X |
TABLE H.4 Research Area Options for Enabling New Distribution System Architecture
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Technology/Operational Strategy Application | Research Areas | Objectives | ||
Thwart Attack | Reduce Vulnerability | Reduce Impact | ||
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Advanced distribution automation (DA) | Advanced DA architecture Object models for all digital distribution devices Fault anticipator Intelligent universal transformer |
X X X X |
X | |
Power electronics technologies to manage demand and improve reliability |
Inductive (contactless) charging |
X |
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Distributed energy resources |
Integration of distributed energy resources |
X |
X |
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Distributed generation technologies |
Photovoltaics |
X |
X |
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Electric energy storage devices |
Lead acid battery |
X |
X |
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Communication technologies |
Broadband over power line |
X |
X |
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Technologies to enhance control |
Power electronic breakers |
X |
X |
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TABLE H.5 Research Area Options Primarily for Existing Device and Building Systems
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Technology/Operational Strategy Application | Research Areas | Objectives | ||
Thwart Attack | Reduce Vulnerability | Reduce Impact | ||
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High-efficiency lighting systems | Photoluminescence material Daylight harvesting Integrated lighting High-intensity discharge Advanced fluorescent lamp systems Light-emitting diodes |
X X X X X X |
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High-efficiency motors and motor drives |
Soft-switching adjustable speed drives |
X |
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High-efficiency space conditioning |
Water loop heat pumps |
X |
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High-efficiency water heating |
Heat pump water heaters Heat recovery water heaters |
X |
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High-efficiency refrigeration |
High COP refrigeration system |
X |
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Efficiency industrial electrotechnologies |
Infrared heating devices |
X |
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Building systems technologies to reduce demand and consumption |
Smart thermostats |
X |
X |
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TABLE H.6 Research Area Options for Enabling New Device and Building Systems Architecture
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Technology/Operational Strategy Application | Research Areas | Objectives | ||
Thwart Attack | Reduce Vulnerability | Reduce Impact | ||
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Technologies to integrate end-use devices and buildings into the power delivery system | Consumer portal Smart appliances and devices Power quality monitoring Automated meter reading Outage monitoring Energy management system integration Advanced demand response Smart meters |
X X X X X X X X |
X X X X X X |
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Technologies to enable buildings to operate independently |
Low-cost power conditioning |
X |
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