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OCR for page 296
Gender Differences at Critical Transitions in the Careers of Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Faculty
Appendix 4-1
Distribution of Undergraduate Course Load for Faculty by Gender and Discipline
Two statistical tests were carried out. First, a chi-square test of independence of rows was applied to determine whether the pattern of the number of undergraduate courses taught1 by men and women differed. (These tests were either on three or four degrees of freedom.) The tests were not significant at the .05 level except for electrical engineering. It is important to mention that one could have different patterns without having women teach more of fewer courses. For instance, men might teach 1 or 2 courses more often than women do, who in turn might teach 0 or 3 courses more often, but where the mean number of courses remained close.
Therefore, we added a simple two-sample t-test of the average number of courses for men and women. The means are displayed below for each of the disciplinary areas. The t-tests were all not significant at the .05 for the null hypothesis of no difference, again except for electrical engineering. It is clear from the table that men teach more undergraduate courses than do women.
BIOLOGY
Courses Taught
0
1
2
3
4
Total
Men
31
55
12
2
0
100
Women
31
58
11
2
2
104
Total
62
113
23
4
2
204
Chi-squared test of independence: 2.05 (4 degrees of freedom), p-value 0.73.
Means: Men .85 vs. Women .90, t-test is equal to –0.51 p-value 0.61.
CHEMISTRY
Courses Taught
0
1
2
3
Total
Men
43
49
8
1
101
Women
43
48
4
2
97
Total
86
97
12
3
198
Chi-squared test of independence: 1.60 (3 degrees of freedom), p-value 0.66.
Means: Men .67 vs. Women .64, t-test is equal to 0.36 p-value 0.72.
1
Fractional courses were rounded up to the nearest integral number of courses. Missing data was removed from the data prior to analysis. Finally, the data were from the committee’s survey of faculty.
OCR for page 297
Gender Differences at Critical Transitions in the Careers of Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Faculty
MATHEMATICS
Courses Taught
0
1
2
3
Total
Men
21
30
15
2
68
Women
22
38
24
0
84
Total
43
68
39
2
152
Chi-squared test of independence: 3.39 (3 degrees of freedom), p-value 0.33.
Means: Men .97 vs. Women 1.02, t-test is equal to –0.42 p-value 0.68.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Courses Taught
0
1
2
3
Total
Men
33
46
14
1
94
Women
44
41
4
2
91
Total
77
87
18
3
185
Chi-squared test of independence: 7.70 (3 degrees of freedom), p-value 0.05.
Means: Men .82 vs. Women .60, t-test is equal to 2.09 p-value 0.04.
PHYSICS
Courses Taught
0
1
2
3
Total
Men
33
53
9
0
95
Women
31
66
14
1
112
Total
64
119
23
1
207
Chi-squared test of independence: 2.19 (3 degrees of freedom), p-value 0.53.
Means: Men .75 vs. Women .87, t-test is equal to –1.34 p-value 0.18.
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Courses Taught
0
1
2
3
4
Total
Men
22
44
13
4
0
83
Women
36
67
13
3
1
120
Total
58
111
26
7
1
203
Chi-squared test of independence: 2.63 (4 degrees of freedom), p-value 0.62.
Means: Men .99 vs. Women .88, t-test is equal to 0.94 p-value 0.35.
