supply, 233-234, 235, 236, 241-244

synthetic (GTL) diesel fuel, 94, 223, 258, 261, 263

technologies ready beyond 2020, 252-258

technologies ready beyond 2020 and 2035, 258-267

Aluminum industry, 175, 176, 179, 190, 185, 312

American Electric Power, 100, 314, 573, 602, 603, 625

American Iron and Steel Institute, 87, 182

American Lung Association, 404

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, 272, 273, 274

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 152 n.12, 194

American Wind Energy Association, 272, 310

Ammonia, 249, 401, 402, 422, 423, 431, 432, 434-435, 512

Anaerobic digestion, 253, 283

Appliances and electronics

availability, 153

biomass-fueled, 322

consumer-targeted programs, 200

demand for, 137

energy-efficiency standards, 154 n.13, 192, 193-194, 197, 198, 200

energy savings, 41, 193-194

improvements in, 142

information availability, 87-88

lifespan, 141

load management technologies, 84, 153, 585, 597, 605-606, 617, 630

manufacturing, 175

in new homes, 137, 151

potential savings, 146, 147, 148

R&D, 194-195

remanufactured, 185

tax credits, 195

wood-burning, 322

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 344, 345, 351, 354, 355

Argonne National Laboratory, 163, 370 n.21, 388, 523 n.19

Arsenic, 249

Australia, 20, 286, 485, 486, 535, 538, 540

Automotive Energy Supply joint venture, 163

B

Battery technologies

costs, 85, 163, 168, 582, 625

deployment timeframe, 116, 163, 626

industry alliances and partnerships, 163

for LDVs, 4, 5, 6, 76, 85, 159, 160, 162-163, 174, 263-264

lead-acid, 162, 582, 627

lithium ion, 162-163, 625, 627

nickel cadmium, 627

nickel metal hydride, 625, 627

performance capabilities, 85, 159, 163, 165

R&D opportunities, 6, 30, 76, 79, 85, 625-626

reliability issues, 582, 625

size/weight considerations, 159, 160

sodium-sulfur, 582, 625, 627

status of, 162

for T&D system storage, 6, 51, 61, 78, 291, 307, 309, 582, 584, 601, 616, 634, 625-626, 627

vanadium redox, 625, 627

ZEBRA, 627

zinc bromide, 625, 627

Behavior. See Consumer behavior

Biobutanol, 89, 213, 220, 221, 253-254

Biochemical conversion of fuel

air emissions, 248-249

biobutanol, 253

carbon capture and storage, 220, 224-225, 236, 237-238

cellulosic ethanol, 67, 90-91, 93, 221-225, 234, 235-236, 237, 244-245, 251

corn ethanol, 90, 91, 219-220, 234, 241-242

costs, 90, 92-93, 222, 223, 224, 234, 237, 238, 241, 251, 252

findings, 224-225

genomics applications, 225, 256-257

and greenhouse gases, 90, 222, 224-225, 234, 248-249

metabolic and bioprocess engineering applications, 256, 257-258

plant siting, 247-248

process, 220-225

RD&D, 90, 221-222, 224

supply of fuel from, 90-91, 241-242, 243, 244-245

synthetic biology applications, 257

Front Matter (R1-R24)

Executive Summary (1-6)

PART 1 (7-8)

1 Context and Challenges (9-34)

2 Key Findings (35-80)

3 Key Results from Technology Assessments (81-132)

PART 2 (133-134)

4 Energy Efficiency (135-210)

5 Alternative Transportation Fuels (211-270)

6 Renewable Energy (271-330)

7 Fossil-Fuel Energy (331-444)

8 Nuclear Energy (445-562)

9 Electricity Transmission and Distribution (563-638)

APPENDIXES (639-640)

Appendix A: Committee and Staff Biographies (641-658)

Appendix B: Meeting Participants (659-664)

Appendix C: America's Energy Future Project (665-668)

Appendix D: Principal Units and Conversion Factors (669-672)

Appendix E: Select Acronyms and Abbreviations (673-684)

Index (685-712)