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Behavioral Modeling and Simulation: From Individuals to Societies (2008)

Chapter: Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2008. Behavioral Modeling and Simulation: From Individuals to Societies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12169.
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Page 371
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2008. Behavioral Modeling and Simulation: From Individuals to Societies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12169.
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Page 372
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2008. Behavioral Modeling and Simulation: From Individuals to Societies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12169.
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Page 373
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2008. Behavioral Modeling and Simulation: From Individuals to Societies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12169.
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Page 374
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2008. Behavioral Modeling and Simulation: From Individuals to Societies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12169.
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Page 375
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2008. Behavioral Modeling and Simulation: From Individuals to Societies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12169.
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Page 376
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2008. Behavioral Modeling and Simulation: From Individuals to Societies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12169.
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Page 377
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2008. Behavioral Modeling and Simulation: From Individuals to Societies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12169.
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Page 378
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2008. Behavioral Modeling and Simulation: From Individuals to Societies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12169.
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Page 379
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2008. Behavioral Modeling and Simulation: From Individuals to Societies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12169.
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APPENDIXES 371

Appendix A Acronyms and Abbreviations Models, Modeling Tools, Frameworks AASPEM Advanced Air-to-air System Performance Evaluation Model ACT-R Adaptive Control of Thought–Rational ADC Air Defense Commander AMBR Agent-Based Modeling and Behavior Representation BioWar Biological Warfare agent-based model (ABM) BNet family of Belief Network tools BRAHMS Multiagent modeling and simulation environment C3GRID Command, Control, and Communications (C3) on Grid model C3HPM C3 Human Performance Model C3TRACE C3 Techniques for the Reliable Assessment of Concept Execution CART Combat Automations Requirements Testbed CASTFOREM Combined Arms and Support Task Force Evaluation Model CBS Corps Battle Simulation CCTT Close Combat Tactical Trainer CLARION Connectionist Learning with Adaptive Rule Induction ON-line CLIPS C Language Integrated Production System 373

374 BEHAVIORAL MODELING AND SIMULATION CLOS Common LISP Object System Cmap Concept Map tools COGENT Cognitive Objects within a Graphical EnviroNmentT COGNET Cognition as a Network of Tasks CONNECT A social network analysis tool for organizational modeling and simulation Construct A multiagent dynamic network model CORES Complex Organizational Reasoning System CSSTSS Combat Service Support Training Simulation System DDD Distributed Dynamic Decision-making DIAS Dynamic Information Architecture System DISCUSS A process simulation model of jury decision making D-OMAR Distributed OMAR (Operator Model Architecture) DyNet Dynamic Network (M&S tool) EAAGLES Enhanced Air-to-Air and Air-to-Ground Linked Environment Simulation EADSIM Extended Air Defense Simulation EAGLE Air-to-air combat simulation model EMA A computational appraisal model EPIC Executive Process/Interactive Control FLAMES Flexible Analysis Modeling and Exercise System GRADE Graphical Agent Development Environment Graphvix Graph Visualization Software GTA-SA Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (a game) HASMAT Human and System Modeling and Analysis Toolkit HLA High-Level Architecture HOS Human Operator Simulator IBC Integrated Battle Command ICET Integrated Concept Evaluation Tool ICEWS Integrated Crisis Early Warning System IDE Integrated Development Environment iGEN COGNET IMPRINT Improved Performance Research Integration Tool INTERMEDIATE An anthropometry model IUSS Integrated Unit Simulation System IWARS Infantry Warrior Simulation

APPENDIX A 375 Jack An anthropometric model for system design JANUS Physics-based ground combat simulator JCATS Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation JCM Joint Conflict Model JSAF Joint Semi-Automated Forces JSIMS Joint Simulation Systems JWARS Joint Warfighting Simulation MAMID Methodology for Analysis and Modeling of Individual Differences MASON ���������������������������������� Multi-Agent Simulator of Networks� MATREX Modeling Architecture for Technology Research and Experimentation MicroPsi Agent architecture founded on Psi theory MicroSAINT Microprocessor-based Systems Analysis of Integrated Networks MIDAS Man-machine Integration Design and Analysis System MINDS Modeling Individual Differences and Stressors ModSAF Modular Semi-Automated Forces MTWS Marine Tactical Warfare Simulation NetLogo A cross-platform multiagent programmable modeling environment NetWatch A multiagent model/framework NM SROM National Model OCC Ortony, Clore, and Collins emotion appraisal model OCCAM Organizational and Cultural Criteria for Adversary Modeling OMAR/D-OMAR Operator Model Architecture/Distributed OMAR OneSAF One Semi-Automated Forces OOS OneSAF Objective System ORA Organizational Risk Analyzer OrgAhead Computational Model of Organizational Learning and Decision Making OrgSim A multiagent model/framework OTB OneSAF Testbed PCAS Pre-Conflict Anticipation and Shaping PMFServ Performance Moderator Function Server PRISM Platform for the Representation of and Inference over Situation-theoretic Models Ptolemy System Dynamics Modeling Framework

376 BEHAVIORAL MODELING AND SIMULATION RAID Real-time Adversarial Intelligence and Decision-making RDEBBSM Crowd model based on diffusion kinetics REPAST Java-based framework for agent-based socioeconomic modeling SAMPLE Situation Awareness Model for Person-in-the-Loop Evaluation SEAS Synthetic Environments for Analysis and Simulation SIAM Situational Influence Assessment Model Soar Simulation of Adaptive Response SPECTRUM A sociocultural training system SROM Stabilization and Reconstruction Operations Model STELLA A simulation-based training environment for Information Operations, also a graphically oriented front end for the development of System Dynamics models SWARM Framework for agent- and individual-based modelers TACBRAWLER Tactical Air Combat Simulator TACSIM Tactical Simulation System VISEO Visible/Electro-Optical Detection Analysis System VISTA ������������������������������������ Visualization of Threats and Attacks WARSIM2000 Warfare Simulation 2000 XCON The eXpert CONfigurer program Xerion neural network simulator (also known as the University of Toronto simulator [UTS]) Other Abbreviations and Acronyms ABM Agent-based models AFAMS Air Force Agency for Modeling and Simulation AFOSR Air Force Office of Scientific Research AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory AI Artificial intelligence API Application Programming Interface ARI Army Research Institute for the Behavioral Sciences ARL Army Research Laboratory

APPENDIX A 377 BBN Bayesian Belief Network; also Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, Inc. BCT Brigade combat team BDA Battle damage assessment BDI Belief, desire, intention BLOS Beyond line of sight C2 Command and Control C3 Command, Control, and Communications C4ISR Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance CA Civil Affairs CASOS Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems, located at Carnegie Mellon University CCM Cultural consensus model CIC Combat Information Center CL Computational laboratory CMO Civil Military Operations CMYK Cyan, magenta, yellow, black CNO Computer Network Operations COA Course of action Cog-Aff Cognitive-affective COP Constraint Optimization Problem COTS Commercial off the shelf CPE Commander’s Predictive Environment CPM Critical Path Method DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency D-COG Distributed Cognition DFT Decision Field Theory DIME Diplomatic, information, military, and economic DMO/MR Distributed Mission Operations/Mission Rehearsal DMSO Defense Modeling and Simulation Office DoD Department of Defense DSM Design Structure Matrix EBO/EBP Effects-Based Operations/Effects-Based Planning EM A model of appraisal using OCC (see below) theory ERGM Exponential Random Graph Model ES Expert system EW Electronic warfare

378 BEHAVIORAL MODELING AND SIMULATION FCS Future combat system FHA Federal Housing Administration FOB Forward operating base FPS First person shooter (game) GIG Global information grid GOTS Government off the shelf GUI Graphical user interface HBR Human behavior representation HIL Human in the loop ICCS International Conference on Complex Systems IDE Integrated development environment IED Improvised explosive device INTEL Intelligence IO Influence operations; also information operations IOS Individual, organizational, and societal JDEP Joint Distributed Engineering Plant JFCOM Joint Forces Command JSF Joint Strike Fighter JUO Joint Urban Operations LISP List Processing (programming language) LOS Line of sight M&S Modeling and simulation MAD Mutually assured destruction MAS Multiagent systems MC2C Multisensor Command and Control Constellation MCO Major combat operations MI Military intelligence MMOG Massively multiplayer online game MOOTW Military operations other than war MOUT Military operations on urban terrain MP Military police MSIAC Modeling and Simulation Information Analysis Center MSRR Modeling and Simulation Resource Repository (at DMSO) MUO Major urban operations NGO Nongovernmental organization

APPENDIX A 379 NLOS Nonline of sight NMSO Navy Modeling and Simulation Office NRC National Research Council ONR Office of Naval Research OPS Operations OPSEC Operations Security OR Operations Research OSD Office of the Secretary of Defense PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique PMESII Political, military, economic, social, information, and infrastructure PSYOP Psychological Operations QDR Quadrennial Defense Review R&D Research and development R&S Reconnaissance and surveillance RBA Revolution in business affairs RGB Red, green, blue RMA Revolution in Military Affairs RPD Recognition-primed Decision Making RPG Rocket-propelled grenade S&T Science and Technology SAB (U.S. Air Force) Scientific Advisory Board, also USAF SAB SAFIA Expert system for controlling blast furnace operations SASO Stability and Support Operations SCCS Standard Cross-Cultural Survey SDB Soar DeBugger SNA Social network analysis SOA State of the art SSC (U.S. Army) Soldier Systems Center STEAM Shell for TEAMwork UA Unit of action USECT Understand, shape, engage, consolidate, and transition VV&A Verification. validation, and accreditation

380 BEHAVIORAL MODELING AND SIMULATION WMD Weapons of mass destruction XML Extensible Markup Language XSLT XSL Transformations

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Today's military missions have shifted away from fighting nation states using conventional weapons toward combating insurgents and terrorist networks in a battlespace in which the attitudes and behaviors of civilian noncombatants may be the primary effects of military actions. To support these new missions, the military services are increasingly interested in using models of the behavior of humans, as individuals and in groups of various kinds and sizes. Behavioral Modeling and Simulation reviews relevant individual, organizational, and societal (IOS) modeling research programs, evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the programs and their methodologies, determines which have the greatest potential for military use, and provides guidance for the design of a research program to effectively foster the development of IOS models useful to the military. This book will be of interest to model developers, operational military users of the models and their managers, and government personnel making funding decisions regarding model development.

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