Birth defects, and other adverse reproductive outcomes, 114–115

Bladder cancer, 109–110, 199

Blood-brain barrier, 31

BNFL. See British Nuclear Fuels PLC

Bone, a primary reservoir of uranium, 28–29

Bone cancer, 108–109, 153, 198

Bosnia-Herzegovina war, 14, 16, 153

Bq. See Becquerel

Bradley fighting vehicles, 15, 93, 95, 97

Brain and other central nervous system cancers, 110, 200

Brain lipid oxidation, 35

Brain regions, accumulation in, 28

Breast cancer, 106

British Nuclear Fuels PLC (BNFL), 136–137, 204

Bronchial cancer, 123

BVAMC. See Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center

C

Camp Doha fire, 15, 94–95

Cancer

biological latency of, 80

causes of, 105

incidence of, 193

Cancer outcomes, 105–111, 193–203

bladder cancer, 109–110, 199

bone cancer, 108–109, 153, 198

brain and other central nervous system cancers, 110, 200

in depleted-uranium–exposed animals, 29–30

leukemias, 107, 196

lung cancer, 88–89, 106–107, 123, 126–135, 138, 194–196

lymphomas, 107–108, 197–198

male genital cancers, 111, 201–202

other cancers, 203

renal cancer, 109, 132, 198–199

stomach cancer, 110, 134, 200–201

Capstone report, 16, 24, 93–96, 98, 208

Carcinogenic effects, 29–30

Cardiovascular effects, 39, 126, 212

Case-control studies, 75, 85–86

nested, 86, 130, 161, 163

retrospective, 133

Case reports and case series, 87

Categories of strength of association, 90–91

inadequate/insufficient evidence to determine whether an association exists, 4, 91, 195–202, 207, 209–211, 214–215

limited/suggestive evidence of an association, 4, 91

limited/suggestive evidence of no association, 4, 91

origin of, 90

sufficient evidence of a causal relationship, 4, 90

sufficient evidence of an association, 4, 91

Causation

defining, 75

true cause-effect association, 80

CEDR. See Comprehensive Epidemiology Data Resource

Cell toxicity, evaluating, 80

Central nervous system cancers, 110, 200

Chemical effects, of exposure to depleted uranium, 17–20

Chemical toxicity, 19–20

Chest X-ray testing, 114

Chondrosarcoma, 109

Chordoma, 109

Chromosomal aberrations, 30–31

Chronic bronchitis, 113

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), 111

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 107

Chronic myeloid leukemia, 107

Chronic nephritis, 132, 203–204

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 113–114

CKD. See Chronic kidney disease

Cleft lip and palate, 114

Clinical end points of interest, 105–116

cancer outcomes, 105–111

noncancer outcomes, 111–115

Clinical outcomes, adverse, 81

Coexposures, 83–84

to other agents, 89

synergism, 83–84

Cohort descriptions, 117–192

depleted-uranium studies, 143–153

environmental-exposure studies, 153–163

summary, 163–190

uranium-processing cohorts, 118–143

Cohort studies, 75, 84–85

prospective, 85

retrospective, 83, 85, 135, 140, 151

Colon cancer, 156