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OCR for page 159
1
γ辐射监测和能谱分析 gamma radiation monitoring
and energy spectrum analysis
【γ fúshè jiāncè hé néngpǔ fēnxī】
INFCIRC/153 safeguards
INFCIRC/153 型 保 障 监 督 协 定
agreement (IAEA)
(IAEA)
【INFCIRC 153 xíng bǎozhàng
jiāndū xiédìng】
INFCIRC/66 safeguards
INFCIRC/66 型 保 障 监 督 协 定
汉
agreement (IAEA)
(IAEA)
【INFCIRC 66 xíng bǎozhàng 英
jiāndū xiédìng】
mechanical damage induced by
X 射线辐照引起的力学损伤
X-ray irradiation
【X shèxiàn fúzhào yǐnqǐ
de lìxué sǔnshāng】
G-8 Global Partnership Against
八国集团“防止大规模杀伤性武器
the Spread of Weapons and
和材料扩散的全球伙伴计划”
Materials of Mass Destruction
【bāguó jítuán fángzhǐ dàguīmó
shāshāngxìng wǔqì hé cáiliào kuòsàn Launched in 2002 by the G-8 (Russian,
de quánqiú huǒbàn jìhuà】
the U.S., Britian, France, Japan,
该计划是八国集团(俄罗斯、美国、 Germany, Canada and Italy), this effort
英国、法国、日本、德国、加拿大 aims to prevent the proliferation of
和意大利)于 2002 年提出的，旨在 weapons of mass destruction to terror-
通过与裁军、不扩散、反恐和核安 ists or those who support them through
projects pertaining to disarmament,
全有关的项目，防止大规模杀伤性
nonproliferation, counterterrorism and
武器扩散到恐怖主义者或其支持者
nuclear safety. Originally targeted at
手中。最初目标是在俄罗斯开展为
carrying out $20 billion of projects in
期 10 年耗资 200 亿美元的项目，现
Russia over 10 years, the G-8 Global
八国集团全球伙伴关系已经扩展到 Partnership has expanded to include
八国以外的国家。(改自：参考文献 additional countries. (Modified from:
[42-43]) References [42-43])
hegemonism
霸权主义【bàquánzhǔyì】
half-life
半衰期【bànshuāiqī】
physical barrier for protected
保护区实体屏障
sections
【bǎohùqū shítǐ píngzhàng】
integrity of protection system
保护系统完整性
【bǎohù xìtǒng wánzhěngxìng】
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2
safeguards criteria
保障监督标准
【bǎozhàng jiāndū biāozhǔn】
safeguards quality assurance
保障监督的质量保证
【bǎozhàng jiāndū de In the context of IAEA safeguards, a
zhìliàng bǎozhèng】
management tool for ensuring a
在国际原子能机构保障监督体系 systematic approach to all of the
下，确保对所有会影响保障监督实 activities affecting the quality of the
汉
施质量的活动进行系统化监控的一 safeguards implementation. (From:
英
种管理手段。 Reference [4], 3.36)
参考文献[4]，
(源自： 3.36)
safeguards conclusion
保障监督结论
【bǎozhàng jiāndū jiélùn】
Safeguards Agreement
保障监督协定
【bǎozhàng jiāndū xiédìng】
ground zero
爆心投影点【bàoxīn tóuyǐngdiǎn】
memorandum
备忘录【bèiwànglù】
spare warhead
备用弹头【bèiyòng dàntóu】
备用性核武库【bèiyòngxìng héwǔkù】 hedge warheads stockpile
One part of the U.S. active stockpile of
美国现役核武库的一部分，作为响
warheads, retained as part of the
应力量的一部分予以保留，用来加
responsive force, to be used to aug-
强作战部署的力量以应对潜在的意
ment the operationally deployed force in
外事故、突发的事件或显现的威胁。
order to meet potential contingencies,
(改自：参考文献[66] p4，[67-68])
unanticipated events or emerging thre-
ats. (Modified from: Reference [66], p4; [67-68])
equivalent
比等效百万吨数
megatonnage-to-weight ratio
【bǐděngxiào bǎiwàndūnshù】
scaled height of burst
比例爆高【bǐlì bàogāo】
scaled depth of burst
比例爆深【bǐlì bàoshēn】
yield-to-weight ratio
比威力【bǐwēilì】
closed nuclear fuel cycle
闭式核燃料循环
【bìshì héránliào xúnhuán】 There are two common types of nuclear
核燃料循环通常有两种类型。一种 fuel cycle. One is the “open” fuel cycle,
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3
in which the spent fuel is not reprocess-
是“开式”燃料循环，即乏燃料不
ed but kept in storage pending eventual
经过后处理，在最终处置前以废料
disposal as waste. The other is the
形式储存。另一种是“闭式”燃料
“closed” fuel cycle, where the spent fuel
循环，即乏燃料经过后处理从裂变
is reprocessed and the uranium and
产物中分离出铀和钚。铀和钚都可
plutonium separated from the fission
作为新的燃料元件循环使用。(源自：
products. Both the uranium and the
汉
参考文献[14]，p1-2)
plutonium can be recycled into new fuel
英
elements. (From: Reference [14], p1-2)
target-changing capability
变换打击目标能力
【biànhuàn dǎjī mùbiāo nénglì】
tag
标签【biāoqiān】
A unique identifier set up for facilitating
在军备控制条约的限制对象上，为
verification of items restricted by arms
便于核查而设置的某种独特标志。
control treaties. A tag must have
标签必须具有固有的特征，不能复 intrinsic characteristic which make it
制、转移、篡改或探测，同时要稳 difficult to be duplicated, transferred,
定、可靠、便宜。(源自：参考文献[1]， tampered or detected. A tag should also
be stable, credible and inexpensive.
p496)
(From: Reference [1], p496)
Note: An active tag requires electrical
注：有源标签工作时需要电源，但
power, while a passive tag works
无源标签不需要电源。
without a power supply.
identity (identification) data
标识数据【biāoshí shùjù】
standard event screening
标准事件筛选判据
criteria
【biāozhǔn shìjiàn shāixuǎn pànjù】
glass solidification
玻璃固化【bōli gùhuà】
nonaligned movement
不结盟运动【bùjiéméng yùndòng】
non-proliferation
不扩散【bùkuòsàn】
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
不扩散核武器条约
of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
【bùkuòsàn héwǔqì tiáoyuē】
NPT Review Conferences
《不扩散核武器条约》审议会
【bùkuòsàn héwǔqì tiáoyuē shěnyìhuì】
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4
material unaccounted for (MUF)
不明材料量【bùmíng cáiliàoliàng】
non-application of IAEA
不实施国际原子能机构的保障监督
safeguards
【bùshíshī guójì yuánzǐnéng jīgòu de
bǎozhàng jiāndū】
no-first-use of nuclear weapons
不首先使用核武器
【bù shǒuxiān shǐyòng héwǔqì】
on-load refuelled power reactor
不停堆换料动力堆
汉
【bùtíngduī huànliào dònglìduī】
英
unannounced inspection
不通知视察【bùtōngzhī shìchá】
non-compliance
不遵约【bùzūnyuē】
plutonium
钚【bù】
Guidelines for the Management
钚管理指导原则
of Plutonium
【bù guǎnlǐ zhǐdǎo yuánzé】
The Guidelines adopted by nine states
该指导原则由五个核武器国家和德
(the five nuclear weapon states and
国、日本、比利时、瑞士等九国于
Germany, Japan, Belgium and Switzer-
1997 年通过，它着眼于按照国际约 land) in 1997, with a view to ensuring
定(包括它们在 NPT 下的义务，欧 that holdings of plutonium are managed
safely and effectively in accordance
共体成员国还有欧洲原子能联营条
with international commitments, includ-
约下的义务)和 IAEA 的保障监督协
ing their obligations under the NPT
定确保对持有的钚进行安全有效的
(and, for states that are members of the
管理。该指导原则描述了在接受该 European Community, also under the
指导原则下适用于钚的核材料衡算 Euratom Treaty), and with their safe-
guards agreements with the IAEA. The
体制、实体保护措施和国际运输手
Guidelines describe, inter alia, the
续。它还进一步指定了参与国要发
nuclear material accountancy system,
布的有关钚管理的信息，包括他们
physical protection measures and
所持有的民用未辐照钚和民用反应
international transfer procedures applic-
堆乏燃料中含有的钚估量的年度申 able to the plutonium subject to the
报。 参考文献[1]， Guidelines. They further specify the
(源自： p409；[4]，1.30)
information to be published by the
participating States in respect of
plutonium management, including
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5
annual statements of their holdings of
civil unirradiated plutonium and of their
estimates of plutonium contained in
spent civil reactor fuel. (From: Reference [1],
p409；[4], 1.30)
plutonium alloy
钚合金【bùhéjīn】
汉
plutonium decontamination
钚净化循环【bù jìnghuà xúnhuán】
cycle 英
plutonium recycling
钚再循环【bù zàixúnhuán】
A process of reusing in nuclear reactors
将从乏燃料中回收得到的钚在反应
the plutonium extracted from spent fuel.
堆内再使用的过程。(源自：参考文献
(From: Reference [2], p22)
[2]，p22)
Note: In the DUPIC process, spent
注：在 DUPIC 过程中，轻水堆的乏
LWR fuel rods are directly used as fuel
燃料棒只需机械处理而不需化学后
for CANDU-type heavy-water power
处理即可直接作为 CANDU 型重水
动力堆的燃料。(源自：参考文献[32]， reactors, with only mechanical modifi-
cations and not chemical reprocessing.
p25-40)
(From: Reference [32], p25-40)
examine and repair deployed
部署弹头的检修
warhead
【bùshǔ dàntóu de jiǎnxiū】
swipe sampling
擦拭取样【cāshì qǔyàng】
The collection of environmental sam-
一种环境样品的收集方法，它通过
ples by swiping a surface with a piece of
用一块超洁净介质(例如布)擦拭物
ultraclean medium (such as cloth) to
体表面以获取物体表面残留的材料
remove from the surface traces of the
痕迹。(源自：参考文献[4]，9.4)
materials present. (From: Reference [4], 9.4)
material category
材料类别【cáiliào lèibié】
material type
材料类型【cáiliào lèixíng】
book inventory of a material
材料平衡区的账面存量
balance area
【cáiliào pínghéngqū de
zhàngmiàn cúnliàng】
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6
material balance period (MBP)
材料平衡周期
【cáiliào pínghéng zhōuqī】
material description
材料说明【cáiliào shuōmíng】
material form
材料形态【cáiliào xíngtài】
disarmament
裁军【cáijūn】
Conference on Disarmament
裁军谈判会议
汉
(CD)
【cáijūn tánpàn huìyì】
英
裁军谈判会议特设委员会【cáijūn Ad Hoc Committee of
Conference on Disarmament
tánpàn huìyì tèshè wěiyuánhuì】
Committee on Disarmament
裁军谈判委员会
【cáijūn tánpàn wěiyuánhuì】
Conference of the Committee
裁军委员会会议
on Disarmament (CCD)
【cáijūn wěiyuánhuì huìyì】
acquisition strategy/acquisition
采办策略/采办途径
path
【cǎibàn cèlüè cǎibàn tújìng】
A (hypothetical) scheme which a State
某国谋取用于制造核爆炸装置的核
could consider to acquire nuclear mate-
材料的一种(设想)策略。(源自：参考
rial usable for manufacturing a nuclear
文献[4]，3.8)
explosive device. (From: Reference [4], 3.8)
reference material
参考物质【cānkǎo wùzhì】
tritium production reactor
产氚堆【chǎn chuān duī】
methods of tritium production
产氚方法【chǎnchuān fāngfǎ】
supercritical gas centrifuge
超临界气体离心机
【chāolínjiè qìtǐ líxīnjī】
strategy of going beyond
超越遏制战略
containment
【chāoyuè èzhì zhànlüè】
imaging reconnaissance
成像侦察卫星
satellite
【chéngxiàng zhēnchá wèixīng】
shock wave weapon
冲击波弹【chōngjībō dàn】
damaging and injuring effects
冲击波毁伤效应
of shock wave
【chōngjībō huǐshāng xiàoyìng】
shock wave load
冲击载荷【chōngjī zàihè】
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7
revisit period
重访周期
【chóngfǎng zhōuqī】
retargeting capability
重新瞄准能力
【chóngxīn miáozhǔn nénglì】
entrance and exit control
出入口控制
【chūrùkǒu kòngzhì】
initial inspection
初始视察【chūshǐ shìchá】 汉
trigger list
触发清单【chùfā qīngdān】 英
The NSG prescribes that items on the
核供应国集团规定，向无核武器国
list exported to non-nuclear-weapon
家出口“清单”上的项目，要“触
states should trigger the IAEA safe-
发”国际原子能机构的保障监督。
guards. (From: Reference [1], p407)
(源自：参考文献[1]，p407)
tritium
氚【chuān】
subcritical safety simulation
次临界安全模拟实验系统
experiment system
【cìlínjiè ānquán mónǐ shíyàn xìtǒng】
subcriticality
次临界度【cìlínjiè dù】
subcritical experiment
次临界实验【cìlínjiè shíyàn】
Hydrodynamic detonation experiment in
实验中裂变系统处于次临界状态的
which the fission system remains
爆轰流体动力学实验，裂变材料的 subcritical, the material used would not
exceed the amount that may produce a
用量以不会发生自持链式裂变核反
self-sustaining chain reaction. (Modified
应为限。 (改自:参考文献[1]，p214) from: Reference [1], p214)
subcritical assembly
次临界装置【cìlínjiè zhuāngzhì】
infrasound monitoring
次声监测【cìshēng jiāncè】
inventory
存量【cúnliàng】
inventory change
存量变化【cúnliàng biànhuà】
retained waste
存留废物【cúnliú fèiwù】
Global Initiative to Combat
打击核恐怖主义全球行动倡议
Nuclear Terrorism
【dǎjī hékǒngbùzhǔyì quánqiú
xíngdòng chàngyì】 Launched in 2006 by the United States
and Russia, the initiative aims to
2006 年由美国和俄国发起，旨在防
prevent terrorist access to nuclear
止恐怖主义分子获取核材料的倡
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8
materials by improving accounting and
议，具体措施包括：改善核及放射
security of radioactive and nuclear
性材料的衡算与安全，加强对民用
materials, enhancing security at civilian
核设施的保护，提高对核及放射性 nuclear facilities, and improving
detection of nuclear and radioactive
物质探测能力以防止非法走私。(源
materials to prevent illicit trafficking.
自：参考文献[44])
(From: Reference [44])
汉
counterforce strike
打击军事力量【dǎjī jūnshì lìliàng】
英 The employment of strategic air and
在任何可引发冲突的情况下，使用
missile forces in an effort to destroy, or
战略空军和导弹力量摧毁或使选定 render impotent, selected military capa-
bilities of an enemy force under any of
的敌方军事力量失效。(源自：参考文
the circumstances by which hostilities
献[9]，p128)
may be initiated. (From: Reference [9], p128)
countervalue strike
打击社会财富【dǎjī shèhuì cáifù】
Striking non-military assets of value to
打击敌方有价值的非军事目标，如
the enemy, such as population and
人口和工业设施。 industry centers. (Modified from: Reference
参考文献[27])
(改自：
[27])
strategy of massive retaliation
大规模报复战略
【dàguīmó bàofù zhànlüè】
concert of powers
大国协调【dàguó xiétiáo】
continental shelf
大陆架【dàlùjià】
sampling technology of
大气层核爆炸取样技术
atmospheric nuclear explosion
【dàqìcéng hébàozhà qǔyàng jìshù】
atmospheric nuclear test
大气层核试验【dàqìcéng héshìyàn】
safety problems of atmospheric
大气层核试验的安全问题
【dàqìcéng héshìyàn de ānquán wèntí】 nuclear test
representative sample
代表性样品【dàibiǎoxìng yàngpǐn】
energy consumption of unit
单位分离功能耗
separative work
【dānwèi fēnlígōng nénghào】
single-cycle process
单循环流程【dānxúnhuán liúchéng】
ballistic-missile submarine
弹道导弹潜艇
【dàndàodǎodàn qiántǐng】
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9
ballistic-missile early warning
弹道导弹预警系统
system
【dàndàodǎodàn yùjǐng xìtǒng】
pit
弹芯【dànxīn】
The sphere or shell of nuclear explosive
安置在内爆装置中心、通常有铍或
material at the center of an implosion
其他金属包层的核炸药材料球体或 device, usually clad with beryllium or
壳体。(改自：参考文献[11]，p90) another metal. (Modified from: Reference [11],
汉
p90)
英
equivalent dose
当量剂量【dāngliàng jìliàng】
deuterium
氘【dāo】
lithium deutero-tritide
氘氚化锂【dāochuānhuàlǐ】
lithium deuteride
氘化锂【dāohuàlǐ】
Missile Technology Control
导弹技术控制制度
Regime (MTCR)
【dǎodàn jìshù kòngzhì zhìdù】
The MTCR was originally established in
美国等西方国家 1987 年制定的，旨
1987 by western countries. It is a
在防止用于运载大规模杀伤性武器 regime that aims to restrict the
proliferation of systems (except manned
的投掷系统(有人驾驶飞机除外)及
air vehicles), equipments and
有关设备和技术扩散的控制制度。
technologies intended for the delivery of
该制度由“准则”和“设备与技术 weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
The MTCR includes the Guidelines and
附件“两个文件组成，把限制项目
the Equipment and Technology Annex,
(导弹、分系统、部件，生产设施和
and it divides controlled items (missiles
有关技术)分成两大类。第一类项目 along with their subsystems and
为“最敏感项目”，一般不得转让。 components, production equipments
and related technologies) into two
第二类项目为军民两用项目，出口
category. Category I items are the most
时要以许可证方式逐件审批，保证 sensitive items, commonly the transfer
of them will not be authorized. Category
不用于包含第一类项目的系统。
II items are dual-use items, which
1993 年成员国对“准则”进行了修
should be examined and approved
改，把原版中控制“核武器运载系 case-by-case subject to export license,
and be guaranteed not to be used in
统”的转让改成控制“大规模杀伤
projects including Category I items. In
性武器(即核、生、化武器)运载系 1993, member states modified the
统”的转让。截至 2007 年底，该制 Guidelines. “Control the transfer of
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10
nuclear weapons delivery systems”, in
度有 34 个成员国。 参考文献[1]，
(改自：
the original version was modified to
p410) “control the transfer of weapons of
mass destruction (nuclear, biological,
chemical weapon) delivery systems”.
Up to the end of 2007, the Regime has
34 member states. (Modified from: Reference
汉 [1], p410)
英
missile accuracy
导弹精度【dǎodàn jīngdù】
【dǎodàn yáocè xìnhào】 telemetry signal for missiles
导弹遥测信号
equivalent megatonnage
等效百万吨数
【děngxiào báiwàndūnshù】 The 2/3 power of the yield of a nuclear
以百万吨 TNT 当量为单位计量核 warhead measured by megaton TNT
equivalent. The formula is EMT=
弹威力的数值的三分之二次方。用
(Y/Y0)2/3, where Y is the yield of a
2/3
公式可表示为 EMT=(Y/Y0) 。式中
nuclear warhead and Y0 is one megaton
Y 为核弹威力，Y0 为一百万吨 TNT
TNT equivalent. (Modified from: Reference
当量。(改自：参考文献[3]，p115-116)
[3], p115-116)
low level radioactive waste
低放废物【dīfàng fèiwù】
low-enriched uranium (LEU)
低浓铀【dī'nóngyóu】
theory of low intensity conflict
低强度冲突理论
【dīqiángdù chōngtū lǐlùn】
ground resolution/spatial
地面分辨率/空间分辨率
resolution
【dìmiàn fēnbiànlǜ kōngjiān fēnbiànlǜ】
damaging and injuring effects
地面或地下核爆炸毁伤效应
of surface or underground
【dìmiàn huò dìxià hébàozhà huǐshāng
nuclear explosion
xiàoyìng】
regional system of accounting
地区核材料衡算和控制系统
for and control of nuclear
【dìqū hécáiliào héngsuàn hé kòngzhì
material (RSAC)
xìtǒng】
nuclear land (water) surface
地(水)面核爆炸
burst
【dìshuǐmiàn hébàozhà】
nuclear underground (or
地(水)下核爆炸
underwater) burst
【dìshuǐxià hébàozhà】
OCR for page 169
11
silo
地下发射井【dìxià fāshèjǐng】
sampling technology of
地下核爆炸取样技术
underground nuclear explosion
【dìxià hébàozhà qǔyàng jìshù】
underground nuclear test
地下核试验【dìxià héshìyàn】
safety problems of
地下核试验的安全问题
underground nuclear test
【dìxià héshìyàn de ānquán wèntí】
汉
silo cold launch
地下井冷发射【dìxiàjǐng lěngfāshè】
英
silo hot launch
地下井热发射【dìxiàjǐng rèfāshè】
seismic monitoring
地震监测【dìzhèn jiāncè】
地震监测系统【dìzhèn jiāncè xìtǒng】 seismic monitoring system
geological repository
地质处置库【dìzhì chǔzhìkù】
nuclear second strike
第二次核打击【dì’èrcì hédǎjī】
Retaliatory nuclear attack following an
对敌方第一次核袭击的报复性核打
enemy’s first nuclear attack. (Modified
击。(改自：参考文献[2]，p62) from: Reference [2], p62)
second-generation nuclear
第二代核武器【dì’èrdài héwǔqì】
weapon
third-generation nuclear
第三代核武器【dìsāndài héwǔqì】
weapon
nuclear first strike
第一次核打击【dìyīcì hédǎjī】
1 The launching of an initial nuclear
1 在对手能够使用任何战略武器之
attack before one’s opponent is able to
前率先发动核攻击。首次打击是给 use any strategic weapon. First strike is
对手造成极大的破坏致使其失去发 a nuclear attack carried out at such a
devastatingly high level of destruction
起有效反击能力的核进攻。(源自：
as to nullify an enemy’s capability to
参考文献[6]，p72)
launch a major counterstrike. (From:
Reference [6], p72)
2 An initial attack on an opponent's
2 对敌方战略核力量的首次打击。
strategic nuclear forces. Such an attack
这种打击可用于试图摧毁敌方的报 may be undertaken in an attempt to
destroy an enemy's retaliatory
复(第二次打击)能力。(源自：参考文
(second-strike) capability. (From: Reference
献[8])
[8])
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75
revised supplementary
有关保障监督的修订补充协定
agreement relevant to
【yǒuguān bǎozhàng jiāndū de xiūdìng
safeguards
bǔchōng xiédìng】
electromagnetic-pulse
有界波型电磁脉冲模拟器
boundary-wave type simulator
【yǒujiè bōxíng diàncí màichōng
mónǐqì】
limited deterrence
有限威慑【yǒuxiàn wēishè】
汉
A term used by some scholars to
某些学者用于描述某种威慑形式所
describe a form of deterrence. 英
用的术语，但目前尚无定论。 However, there is no consensus on the
definition.
Note 1：In some descriptions limited
注 1：在有些描述中，有限威慑要
deterrence requires a limited warfight-
求有一定的核战能力，能够在核战
ing capability to inflict costly damage on
争中的各升级阶梯上给对手造成损 the adversary at every rung on the
失，从而挫败对手使之不能取胜。 escalation ladder, thus denying the
adversary victory in a nuclear war.
(改自：参考文献[46])
(Modified from: Reference [46])
Note 2: In some descriptions it refers to
注 2：在有些描述中是指法国的核
[70]， France’s nuclear deterrent. (Modified from:
威慑。 参考文献[18]，
(改自： p360；
Reference [18], p360; [70], p195-196)
p195-196)
注 3：“威慑”亦适应于非核情况。 Note 3: “deterrence” can also apply in
non-nuclear circumstances.
limited war
有限战争【yǒuxiàn zhànzhēng】
payload
有效载荷【yǒuxiào zàihè】
active tag
有源标签【yǒuyuán biāoqiān】
Refer to “tag”
参见“标签”
active seal
有源封记【yǒuyuán fēngjì】
Refer to “seal”
参见“封记”
active neutron detection
有源中子探测
【yǒuyuán zhōngzǐ tàncè】 A method of determining the existence
of fissionable material through detecting
利用外源诱发裂变材料裂变，通过
the neutrons emitted from the fission
探测裂变发出的中子而证实裂变材
that is induced by an external source.
料存在的方法。(源自：参考文献[1]， (From: Reference [1], p495)
p495)
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76
aftershock detection
余震监测【yúzhèn jiāncè】
launch-on-warning (LOW)
预警即发射【yùjǐng jì fāshè】
early-warning satellite
预警卫星【yùjǐng wèixīng】
launch-under-attack (LUA)
遇袭即发射【yùxí jì fāshè】
source data
原始数据【yuánshǐ shùjù】
汉
atomic bomb
原子弹【yuánzǐdàn】
英
core of atomic bomb
原子弹弹芯【yuánzǐdàn dànxīn】
Refer to “pit”
参见“弹芯”
reflector (tamper) layer
原子弹反射层(惰层)
in atomic bomb
【yuánzǐdàn fǎnshècéng duòcéng】
atomic nucleus
原子核【yuánzǐhé】
atomic mass
原子量【yuánzǐliàng】
Atomic Energy Commission
原子能委员会
【yuánzǐnéng wěiyuánhuì】
atomic number
原子序数【yuánzǐ xùshù】
atomic-vapor laser isotope
原子蒸气激光同位素分离法
separation
【yuánzǐ zhēngqì jīguāng tóngwèisù
fēnlífǎ】
circular error probable (CEP)
圆概率偏差【yuán gàilǜ piānchā】
For repeated trials, the radius of a circle
对于射弹、导弹或炸弹而言，其圆
enclosing half of the impacts of a pro-
概率偏差是指，在反复试验中，包
jectile, missile, or bomb. (Modified from:
含其半数弹着点的圆形区域的半
Reference [9])
径。(改自：参考文献[9])
source material
源材料【yuáncáiliào】
Uranium containing the mixture of
含有天然形成的同位素混合体的 isotopes occurring in nature; uranium
铀；铀-235 被贫化的铀；钍；金属、 depleted in the isotope 235; thorium;
any of the foregoing in the form of
合金、化合物或浓缩物状态的上述
metal, alloy, chemical compound, or
任何材料；任何含有一种或多种上 concentrate; any other material
述的物质并达到 IAEA 理事会随时 containing one or more of the foregoing
in such concentration as the IAEA
确定的浓度的材料；以及理事会可 Board of Governors shall from time to
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77
time determine; and such other material
随时确定的此类其他材料。根据
as the Board of Governors shall from
[INFIRCIR/153]保障协定的 112 段： time to time determine. According to
“源材料这一名词不适用于矿石或 paragraph 112 of [IAEA INFCIRC/153],
“the term source material shall not be
矿渣。”(源自：参考文献[4]，4.4)
interpreted as applying to ore or ore
residue.” (From: Reference [4], 4.4)
汉
operating records
运行记录【yùnxíng jìlù】
英
reentry phase
再入段【zàirùduàn】
moratorium on nuclear testing
暂停核试验【zàntíng héshìyàn】
suspension protocol
暂停实施议定书
【zàntíng shíshī yìdìngshū】
dirty bomb
脏弹【zāngdàn】
Refer to “radiological dispersal
参见“放射性物质散布装置”
device (RDD)”
enhanced X-ray weapon
增强 X 射线弹
【zēngqiáng X shèxiàndàn】
strategic missile
战略导弹【zhànlüè dǎodàn】
strategic defense
战略防御【zhànlüè fángyù】
1 The defense against an offensive
1 战争全局上对进攻之敌的防御。
enemy in the overall situation of war. It
它是战争中战略行动的基本类型之 is one of the basic types of strategic
往往成为战争进程的一个阶段。 operations and usually becomes a
一，
stage in the course of war. The aim of
战略防御的目的是阻止和挫败敌人
strategic defense is to prevent and
的战略进攻，保存和积蓄自己的力 frustrate the enemy’s strategic offense,
preserve and save one’s own strength,
量，消耗和消灭敌人，改变战场形
wear down and wipe out the enemy,
势和力量对比，为转入战略进攻创
change the battle situation and relative
造条件。 (源自：参考文献[18]，p219) strength, and create conditions for
shifting to strategic offense. (From:
Reference [18], p219)
2 The capability to defeat an enemy’s
2 挫伤敌人使用战略军事设施(主
use of its strategic military assets,
要是远程核运载系统)的能力。(改
primarily long-range nuclear delivery
自：参考文献[71] ) systems. (Modified from: Reference [71])
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78
strategic defense initiative (SDI)
战略防御倡议
【zhànlüè fángyù chàngyì】 The plan for a space-based ballistic
missile defense system announced by
罗纳德·里根总统在 1983 年 3 月 23
U.S. president Ronald Reagan on
日声明的《战略防御倡议》指为拦
March 23, 1983, aimed at defending
截苏联射向美国的大规模战略导弹
against a mass attack of strategic
力量而建立的天基弹道导弹防御系 nuclear missiles from the Soviet Union.
汉
统研制计划，俗称“星球大战”计 It is also commonly called “Star Wars”.
英
划。(改自：参考文献[1]，p274；[17]) (Modified from: Reference [1], p274；[17])
strategic nuclear weapon
战略核武器【zhànlüè héwǔqì】
1 Nuclear weapons that are used to
用于打击战略目标，执行战略任
1
strike strategic targets for strategic
务的核武器。 参考文献[3],p1105)
(改自： missions. (Modified from: Reference [3], p1105)
2 Strategic nuclear weapons are
战略核武器是指能打击远距离
2
designed to engage objects in
地域的战略目标(超过 5 500 公里)
geographically remote strategic regions
完成战略任务的武器。特殊情况下 (over 5 500 km) to accomplish strategic
missions. In exceptional situations,
战略核武器可用于完成战役任务。
strategic nuclear weapons may be used
战略核武器服役于战略核部队。(源 to accomplish campaign missions.
Strategic nuclear weapons are in
自：参考文献[5]，p24)
service with the strategic nuclear forces.
(From: Reference [5], p24)
Note: Strategic refers to missions
注：战略担负对敌方及其军事力量
designed to have a long-term rather
产生长期的而非短期影响的使命。
than immediate effect on the enemy
and its military forces. (Modified from:
(改自：参考文献[9]，p516-517)
Reference [9], p516-517)
参见“战术核武器” Refer to “tactical nuclear weapon”
strategic stability
战略稳定性【zhànlüè wěndìngxìng】
strategic point
战略要点【zhànlüè yàodiǎn】
theater nuclear weapon
战区核武器【zhànqū héwǔqì】
tactical missile
战术导弹【zhànshù dǎodàn】
tactical nuclear weapon
战术核武器【zhànshù héwǔqì】
1 Nuclear weapons used to attack
1 用于打击战役、 战术纵深内重要
in-depth key targets at the campaign
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79
目标的核武器。(改自：参考文献[3]， and tactical level. (Modified from: Reference
[3], p1107)
p1107)
2 Nuclear weapons, such as artillery
用于战场作战的核武器，诸如核
2
shells, bombs, and short-range
炮弹、核炸弹和短程核导弹等。(改 missiles, for use in battlefield
operations. (Modified from: Reference [8])
自：参考文献[8])
3 Tactical nuclear weapons are
战术核武器是指能打击敌方部
3
汉
designed to engage objects in the
署的战术纵深目标(最远 300 公里) tactical depth of enemy deployment (up 英
完成战术任务的武器。在某些情况 to 300 km) to accomplish a tactical
mission. Under certain conditions,
下，战术核武器可用于作战和战略
tactical nuclear weapons may be
任务，战略核炸弹也可用于战术目 involved in operational and strategic
的。(改自：参考文献[5]，p24) missions. A strategic bomb can be used
for tactical purposes. (Modified from:
Reference [5], p24)
Note 1: Activities at a tactical level focus
注 1：战术层面的活动是为完成战
on the ordered arrangement and
斗目的而关注涉及己方和敌方的作 maneuver of combat elements in
战要素的部署和调遣。(改自：参考文 relation to each other and to the enemy
to achieve combat objectives. (Modified
献[9]，p532)
from: Reference [9], p532)
Note 2: A campaign is a series of
注 2：战役是指军团为达成战争的
combat operations carried out by
局部目的或全局性目的，在统一指 corps-level military forces under
挥下进行的由一系列战斗组成的作 uniformed command to achieve partial
or overall objectives. (From: Reference [33],
战行动。(源自：参考文献[33]，p9)
p9)
参见“战略核武器” Refer to “strategic nuclear weapon”
account balance
账面平衡【zhàngmiàn pínghéng】
exposure
照射【zhàoshè】
tailored deterrence
针对性威慑【zhēnduìxìng wēishè】
Flexible deterrence capabilities and
根据目标国具体的心理、政治、意
operational doctrines specifically de-
识形态，及经济状况而特别制订的 signed according to the specific
(源自： psychological, political, ideological, and
灵活的威摄能力与实战原则。
economic characteristics of the targeted
参考文献[21]，p49-51)
actor. (From: Reference[21], p49-51)
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80
authentication
真实性验证
【zhēnshíxìng yànzhèng】
直接使用材料【zhíjiē shǐyòng cáiliào】 direct-use material
Nuclear material that can be used for
未经嬗变或进一步浓缩就可用于制
the manufacture of nuclear explosive
造核爆炸装置的核材料。(源自：参
devices without transmutation or further
考文献[4]，4.25) enrichment. (From: Reference [4], 4.25)
汉
command, control,communi-
指挥、控制、通信、计算和
英
cations, computing and
情报系统(C4I 系统)
intelligence (C4I)
【zhǐhuī kòngzhì tōngxìn jìsuàn
hé qíngbào xìtǒng C4I xìtǒng】
command, control,communi-
指挥、控制、通信和情报
cation and intelligence system
系统(C3I 系统)
(C3I)
【zhǐhuī kòngzhì tōngxìn
hé qíngbào xìtǒng C3I xìtǒng】
proton
质子【zhìzǐ】
hold-up
滞留量【zhìliúliàng】
intermediate-level radioactive
中放废物【zhōngfàng fèiwù】
waste
China’s nonproliferation export
中国防扩散出口管制体系
control system
【zhōngguó fángkuòsàn chūkǒu
guǎnzhì tǐxì】 China’s comprehensive export control
中国关于核、生物、化学和导弹等 system regarding various nuclear, bio-
各类敏感物项和技术及所有军品的 logical, chemical and missile-related
全面的出口控制体制。(源自：参考文 sensitive items, technology and all
military goods. (From: Reference [38])
献[38])
Three Principles on Nuclear
中国核出口三项原则
Export Control of China
【zhōngguó héchūkǒu sānxiàng
yuánzé】 China's three principles of nuclear ex-
中国核出口三项原则：第一，只用 ports: guarantee for peaceful purposes
于和平目的；第二，接受国际原子 only; acceptance of IAEA safeguards;
能机构的保障和监督；第三，未经 and no retransfer to any third party
without prior approval of the Chinese
中国同意，接受国不得转让给第三
side. (From: Reference [1], p414)
国。(源自：参考文献[1]，p414)
Regulations of the People's
中华人民共和国核出口管制条例
Republic of China on Nuclear
【zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó
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81
Export Control
hé chūkǒu guǎnzhì tiáolì】
中国政府于 1997 年 9 月 10 日公布 The chinese government promulgated
the Regulations of the People's
《中华人民共和国核出口管制条
Republic of China on Nuclear Export
例》，并宣布立即生效。条例共 22 Control of on Sep.10, 1997, and
declared that it took effect immediately.
条。(源自：参考文献[1]，p414)
It has 22 articles. (From: Reference [1], p414)
注：该条例在 2006 年被修订了 。 Note: this set of regulations was revised
[74]
汉
in 2006[74].
英
Regulations of the People's Re-
中华人民共和国核两用品及相关技
public of China on Export Con-
术出口管制条例
trol of Dual-Use Nuclear Goods
【zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó hé
and the Related Technologies
liǎngyòngpǐn jí xiāngguān jìshù chūkǒu
guǎnzhì tiáolì】 The chinese government promulgated
中国政府于 1998 年 6 月 10 日公布 the Regulations of the People's
Republic of China on Export Control of
《中华人民共和国核两用品及相关
Dual-use Nuclear Goods and the
技术出口管制条例》，条例从公布 Related Technologies on June 10,
条例由 23 条正文和附 1998. The Regulations took effect as of
之日起生效。
the date of promulgation. They consist
件《核两用品及相关技术管制清单》
of 23 articles and the Annex named the
组成。(源自：参考文献[1]，p415) Nuclear Dual-Use Items and Related
Technologies Export Control List. (From:
Reference [1], p415)
。 Note: this set of regulations was revised
[73]
注：该条例在 2007 年被修订了
[73]
in 2007 .
Joint Statement by the
中华人民共和国主席和俄罗斯联邦
President of the People's
总统关于互不首先使用核武器和互
Republic of China and the
不将战略核武器瞄准对方的联合声
President of the Russian
明
Federation on No-First-Use of
【zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó zhǔxí
Nuclear Weapons and
hé éluósī liánbāng zǒngtǒng guānyú
Detargeting of Strategic
hùbù shǒuxiān shǐyòng héwǔqì hé
Nuclear Weapons Against Each
hùbù jiāng zhànlüèhéwǔqì miáozhǔn
Other
duìfāng de liánhé shēngmíng】
intermediate product
中间产品【zhōngjiān chǎnpǐn】
neutrons
中子【zhōngzǐ】
neutron bomb/enhanced
中子弹/增强辐射武器
radiation weapon
【zhōngzǐdàn zēngqiáng fúshèwǔqì】
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82
A low-yield hydrogen bomb with a
以高能中子为主要毁伤因素，相对
special design utilizing high-energy
减弱冲击波和光辐射效应的一种特 neutrons as its main destructive
element and relatively reducing its
殊设计的低威力氢弹。其较确切的
shock wave and thermal radiation
名称是增强辐射武器。(改自：参考文
effects. In a more accurate sense, it is
献[1]，p152) called an “enhanced radiation weapon”.
(Modified from: Reference [1], p152)
汉
gravimetric analysis
重量分析【zhòngliàng fēnxī】
英
heavy water
重水【zhòngshuǐ】
heavy water reactor (HWR)
重水堆【zhòngshuǐduī】
重水生产厂 heavy water production plant
【zhòngshuǐ shēngchǎnchǎng】
principal nuclear facility
重要核设施【zhòngyào héshèshī】
significant quantity (SQ)
重要量【zhòngyàoliàng】
The approximate amount of nuclear
不能排除制造一枚核爆炸装置可能
material for which the possibility of
性的核材料的大致数量。(源自：参
manufacturing a nuclear explosive
考文献[4]，3.14)
device cannot be excluded. (From:
Reference [4], 3.14)
essential equipment list (EEL)
重要设备清单
【zhòngyào shèbèi qīngdān】
ammonium diuranate
重铀酸铵【zhòngyóusuān’ān】
theory of escalation
逐步升级论【zhúbù shēngjílùn】
powered phase
主动段【zhǔdòngduàn】
boosted atomic bomb
助爆型原子弹
【zhùbàoxíng yuánzǐdàn】
storage facility
贮存设施【zhùcún shèshī】
special inspection
专门视察【zhuānmén shìchá】
An inspection is deemed to be special:
一种在以下情况下进行的、被认为
when it either is additional to the routine
是很特殊的视察：在 INFIRCIR/153 inspection effort provided for in
paragraphs 78–82 of [IAEA
协议中第 78-82 段规定的常规视察
INFCIRC/153], or involves access to
要求之外进行的视察；或者是想通 information or locations in addition to
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83
the access specified in paragraph 76
过获取或进入除 INFIRCIR/153 协
of [IAEA INFCIRC/153] for ad hoc and
议中第 76 段特别指明的可以进入 routine inspections, or both. (From:
的信息或场地之外的信息或场地进 Reference [4], 11.13; [15])
行的特别的和常规的视察；或者以
上两种情况都包括的视察。(源自：
参考文献[4] 11.13；[15])
汉
conversion plant
转化厂【zhuǎnhuàchǎng】 英
conversion time
转化时间【zhuǎnhuà shíjiān】
The time required to convert different
将不同形式的核材料转化成核爆炸
forms of nuclear material to the metallic
装置金属部件所需要的时间。 (源自：
components of a nuclear explosive
参考文献[4]，3.13) device. (From: Reference [4], 3.13)
conversion inspection
转化视察【zhuǎnhuà shìchá】
transfer guideline
转让准则【zhuǎnràng zhǔnzé】
diversion strategy/diversion
转用策略/转用途径
path
【zhuǎnyòng cèlüè zhuǎnyòng tújìng】
A (hypothetical) scheme which a State
一种(假定的)策略，即某国可能考
could consider to divert nuclear material
虑转用国际原子能机构保障监督的
or to misuse items subject to IAEA
核材料或不正当使用国际原子能机 safeguards. Diversion strategies would
include: the undeclared removal of
构保障监督的物项。转用策略可能
nuclear material from a safeguarded
包括：从一个受保障监督的设施内
facility or the use of a safeguarded
擅自转移核材料或利用一个受保障 facility for the introduction, production or
监督的核设施引进、生产或处理未 processing of undeclared nuclear
material. (From: Reference [4], 3.7)
申报的核材料。(源自：参考文献[4]，
3.7)
self-sustaining thermonuclear
自持热核燃烧【zìchí rèhé ránshāo】
burn
spontaneous fission
自发裂变【zìfā lièbiàn】
self-defensive nuclear strategy
自卫防御核战略
Term used officially by China to
【zìwèi fángyù hézhànlüè】
describe its nuclear strategy. The
中国官方描述其核战略所用的术
strategy takes as its fundamental goal
语。该战略的根本目标是遏制他国 deterring other countries from using or
OCR for page 242
84
threatening to use nuclear weapons
对中国使用或威胁使用核武器。该
against China. It includes an official
战略正式承诺在任何时候、任何情 commitment to a policy of no first use of
况下都不首先使用核武器的政策， nuclear weapons at any time and under
any circumstances. It unconditionally
无条件地承诺不对无核国家和无核
undertakes not to use or threaten to use
地区使用或威胁使用核武器，主张 nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-
weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free
全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器。该战
汉
zones, and stands for the comprehen-
略坚持自卫反击和有限发展的原
英 sive prohibition and complete elimina-
则，着眼于建设一支满足国家安全 tion of nuclear weapons. The strategy
upholds the principles of counterattack
需要的精干有效的核力量，确保核
in self-defense and limited development
武器的安全性、可靠性，保持核力
of nuclear weapons, and aims at build-
量的战略威慑作用。(改自：参考文献 ing a lean and effective nuclear force
capable of meeting national security
[34])
needs. It endeavors to ensure the
security and reliability of its nuclear
weapons and maintains a credible
nuclear deterrent force. (Modified from:
Reference [34])
self-defensive nuclear
自卫核反击【zìwèi héfǎnjī】
counterattack
在遭受第一次核打击后进行核反
Nuclear counterattack launched after
击。(改自：参考文献[34]) absorbing an opponent’s first nuclear
attack. (Modified from: Reference [34])
自愿提交协定【zìyuàn tíjiāo xiédìng】 voluntary offer agreement
comprehensive national power
综合国力【zōnghé guólì】
drilling to obtain radioactive
钻探取样【zuāntàn qǔyàng】
samples
maximum deterrence
最大核威慑【zuìdà héwēishè】
A term used in the past by some
部分中国军事学者以前描述一种核
Chinese military scholars to describe a
威慑形式所使用的术语，即用强大 form of deterrence whereby with strong
nuclear superiority as support, the
的核优势为后盾，以大规模使用核
threat of a massive nuclear strike is
武器作威胁来威慑对手。(改自：参 used to deter the adversary. (Modified
考文献[18]，p359) from: Reference [18], p359)
Refer to “deterrence”
参见“威慑”
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85
minimum deterrence
最低核威慑【zuìdī héwēishè】
Threatening the lowest level of damage
通过威胁使用最少数量的核武器，
necessary to prevent attack, with the
产生能够慑止对方攻击所需的最低
fewest number of nuclear weapons
限度的破坏。(源自：参考文献[24]，p2)
possible. (From: Reference [24], p2)
汉
英
