National Academies Press: OpenBook

English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary (2008)

Chapter: Text, Chinese Version

« Previous: Index, Chinese Version
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 159
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 160
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 161
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 162
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 163
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 164
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 165
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 166
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 167
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 168
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 169
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 170
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 171
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 172
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 173
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 174
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 175
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 176
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 177
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 178
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 179
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 180
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 181
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 182
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 183
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 184
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 185
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 186
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 187
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 188
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 189
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 190
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 191
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 192
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 193
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 194
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 195
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 196
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 197
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 198
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 199
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 200
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 201
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 202
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 203
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 204
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 205
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 206
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 207
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 208
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 209
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 210
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 211
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 212
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 213
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 214
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 215
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 216
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 217
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 218
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 219
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 220
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 221
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 222
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 223
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 224
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 225
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 226
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 227
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 228
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 229
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 230
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 231
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 232
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 233
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 234
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 235
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 236
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 237
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 238
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 239
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 240
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 241
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 242
Suggested Citation:"Text, Chinese Version." National Research Council. 2008. English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12186.
×
Page 243

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

1 γ辐射监测和能谱分析 gamma radiation monitoring 【γ fúshè jiāncè hé néngpǔ fēnxī】 and energy spectrum analysis INFCIRC/153 型 保 障 监 督 协 定 INFCIRC/153 safeguards (IAEA) agreement (IAEA) 【INFCIRC 153 xíng bǎozhàng jiāndū xiédìng】 INFCIRC/66 型 保 障 监 督 协 定 INFCIRC/66 safeguards (IAEA) agreement (IAEA) 汉 【INFCIRC 66 xíng bǎozhàng 英 jiāndū xiédìng】 X 射线辐照引起的力学损伤 mechanical damage induced by 【X shèxiàn fúzhào yǐnqǐ X-ray irradiation de lìxué sǔnshāng】 八国集团“防止大规模杀伤性武器 G-8 Global Partnership Against 和材料扩散的全球伙伴计划” the Spread of Weapons and 【bāguó jítuán fángzhǐ dàguīmó Materials of Mass Destruction shāshāngxìng wǔqì hé cáiliào kuòsàn Launched in 2002 by the G-8 (Russian, de quánqiú huǒbàn jìhuà】 the U.S., Britian, France, Japan, 该计划是八国集团(俄罗斯、美国、 Germany, Canada and Italy), this effort 英国、法国、日本、德国、加拿大 aims to prevent the proliferation of 和意大利)于 2002 年提出的,旨在 weapons of mass destruction to terror- 通过与裁军、不扩散、反恐和核安 ists or those who support them through 全有关的项目,防止大规模杀伤性 projects pertaining to disarmament, 武器扩散到恐怖主义者或其支持者 nonproliferation, counterterrorism and nuclear safety. Originally targeted at 手中。最初目标是在俄罗斯开展为 carrying out $20 billion of projects in 期 10 年耗资 200 亿美元的项目,现 Russia over 10 years, the G-8 Global 八国集团全球伙伴关系已经扩展到 Partnership has expanded to include 八国以外的国家。 (改自:参考文献 additional countries. (Modified from: [42-43]) References [42-43]) 霸权主义【bàquánzhǔyì】 hegemonism 半衰期【bànshuāiqī】 half-life 保护区实体屏障 physical barrier for protected 【bǎohùqū shítǐ píngzhàng】 sections 保护系统完整性 integrity of protection system 【bǎohù xìtǒng wánzhěngxìng】

2 保障监督标准 safeguards criteria 【bǎozhàng jiāndū biāozhǔn】 保障监督的质量保证 safeguards quality assurance 【bǎozhàng jiāndū de In the context of IAEA safeguards, a zhìliàng bǎozhèng】 management tool for ensuring a 在国际原子能机构保障监督体系 systematic approach to all of the 汉 下,确保对所有会影响保障监督实 activities affecting the quality of the 英 施质量的活动进行系统化监控的一 safeguards implementation. (From: 种管理手段。(源自:参考文献[4],3.36) Reference [4], 3.36) 保障监督结论 safeguards conclusion 【bǎozhàng jiāndū jiélùn】 保障监督协定 Safeguards Agreement 【bǎozhàng jiāndū xiédìng】 爆心投影点【bàoxīn tóuyǐngdiǎn】 ground zero 备忘录【bèiwànglù】 memorandum 备用弹头【bèiyòng dàntóu】 spare warhead 备用性核武库【bèiyòngxìng héwǔkù】 hedge warheads stockpile 美国现役核武库的一部分,作为响 One part of the U.S. active stockpile of warheads, retained as part of the 应力量的一部分予以保留,用来加 responsive force, to be used to aug- 强作战部署的力量以应对潜在的意 ment the operationally deployed force in 外事故、突发的事件或显现的威胁。 order to meet potential contingencies, (改自:参考文献[66] p4,[67-68]) unanticipated events or emerging thre- ats. (Modified from: Reference [66], p4; [67-68]) 比等效百万吨数 equivalent 【bǐděngxiào bǎiwàndūnshù】 megatonnage-to-weight ratio 比例爆高【bǐlì bàogāo】 scaled height of burst 比例爆深【bǐlì bàoshēn】 scaled depth of burst 比威力【bǐwēilì】 yield-to-weight ratio 闭式核燃料循环 closed nuclear fuel cycle 【bìshì héránliào xúnhuán】 There are two common types of nuclear 核燃料循环通常有两种类型。一种 fuel cycle. One is the “open” fuel cycle,

3 是“开式”燃料循环,即乏燃料不 in which the spent fuel is not reprocess- 经过后处理,在最终处置前以废料 ed but kept in storage pending eventual 形式储存。另一种是“闭式”燃料 disposal as waste. The other is the 循环,即乏燃料经过后处理从裂变 “closed” fuel cycle, where the spent fuel is reprocessed and the uranium and 产物中分离出铀和钚。铀和钚都可 plutonium separated from the fission 作为新的燃料元件循环使用。(源自: products. Both the uranium and the 参考文献[14],p1-2) 汉 plutonium can be recycled into new fuel 英 elements. (From: Reference [14], p1-2) 变换打击目标能力 target-changing capability 【biànhuàn dǎjī mùbiāo nénglì】 标签【biāoqiān】 tag A unique identifier set up for facilitating 在军备控制条约的限制对象上,为 verification of items restricted by arms 便于核查而设置的某种独特标志。 control treaties. A tag must have 标签必须具有固有的特征,不能复 intrinsic characteristic which make it 制、转移、篡改或探测,同时要稳 difficult to be duplicated, transferred, 定、可靠、便宜。(源自:参考文献[1], tampered or detected. A tag should also be stable, credible and inexpensive. p496) (From: Reference [1], p496) 注:有源标签工作时需要电源,但 Note: An active tag requires electrical power, while a passive tag works 无源标签不需要电源。 without a power supply. 标识数据【biāoshí shùjù】 identity (identification) data 标准事件筛选判据 standard event screening 【biāozhǔn shìjiàn shāixuǎn pànjù】 criteria 玻璃固化【bōli gùhuà】 glass solidification 不结盟运动【bùjiéméng yùndòng】 nonaligned movement 不扩散【bùkuòsàn】 non-proliferation 不扩散核武器条约 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation 【bùkuòsàn héwǔqì tiáoyuē】 of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) 《不扩散核武器条约》审议会 NPT Review Conferences 【bùkuòsàn héwǔqì tiáoyuē shěnyìhuì】

4 不明材料量【bùmíng cáiliàoliàng】 material unaccounted for (MUF) 不实施国际原子能机构的保障监督 non-application of IAEA 【bùshíshī guójì yuánzǐnéng jīgòu de safeguards bǎozhàng jiāndū】 不首先使用核武器 no-first-use of nuclear weapons 【bù shǒuxiān shǐyòng héwǔqì】 汉 不停堆换料动力堆 on-load refuelled power reactor 【bùtíngduī huànliào dònglìduī】 英 不通知视察【bùtōngzhī shìchá】 unannounced inspection 不遵约【bùzūnyuē】 non-compliance 钚【bù】 plutonium 钚管理指导原则 Guidelines for the Management 【bù guǎnlǐ zhǐdǎo yuánzé】 of Plutonium The Guidelines adopted by nine states 该指导原则由五个核武器国家和德 (the five nuclear weapon states and 国、日本、比利时、瑞士等九国于 Germany, Japan, Belgium and Switzer- 1997 年通过,它着眼于按照国际约 land) in 1997, with a view to ensuring 定(包括它们在 NPT 下的义务,欧 that holdings of plutonium are managed 共体成员国还有欧洲原子能联营条 safely and effectively in accordance with international commitments, includ- 约下的义务)和 IAEA 的保障监督协 ing their obligations under the NPT 定确保对持有的钚进行安全有效的 (and, for states that are members of the 管理。该指导原则描述了在接受该 European Community, also under the 指导原则下适用于钚的核材料衡算 Euratom Treaty), and with their safe- 体制、实体保护措施和国际运输手 guards agreements with the IAEA. The 续。它还进一步指定了参与国要发 Guidelines describe, inter alia, the nuclear material accountancy system, 布的有关钚管理的信息,包括他们 physical protection measures and 所持有的民用未辐照钚和民用反应 international transfer procedures applic- 堆乏燃料中含有的钚估量的年度申 able to the plutonium subject to the 报。(源自:参考文献[1],p409;[4],1.30) Guidelines. They further specify the information to be published by the participating States in respect of plutonium management, including

5 annual statements of their holdings of civil unirradiated plutonium and of their estimates of plutonium contained in spent civil reactor fuel. (From: Reference [1], p409;[4], 1.30) 钚合金【bùhéjīn】 plutonium alloy 汉 钚净化循环【bù jìnghuà xúnhuán】 plutonium decontamination cycle 英 钚再循环【bù zàixúnhuán】 plutonium recycling 将从乏燃料中回收得到的钚在反应 A process of reusing in nuclear reactors the plutonium extracted from spent fuel. 堆内再使用的过程。(源自:参考文献 (From: Reference [2], p22) [2],p22) 注:在 DUPIC 过程中,轻水堆的乏 Note: In the DUPIC process, spent 燃料棒只需机械处理而不需化学后 LWR fuel rods are directly used as fuel 处理即可直接作为 CANDU 型重水 for CANDU-type heavy-water power 动力堆的燃料。(源自:参考文献[32], reactors, with only mechanical modifi- cations and not chemical reprocessing. p25-40) (From: Reference [32], p25-40) 部署弹头的检修 examine and repair deployed 【bùshǔ dàntóu de jiǎnxiū】 warhead 擦拭取样【cāshì qǔyàng】 swipe sampling 一种环境样品的收集方法,它通过 The collection of environmental sam- ples by swiping a surface with a piece of 用一块超洁净介质(例如布)擦拭物 ultraclean medium (such as cloth) to 体表面以获取物体表面残留的材料 remove from the surface traces of the 痕迹。(源自:参考文献[4],9.4) materials present. (From: Reference [4], 9.4) 材料类别【cáiliào lèibié】 material category 材料类型【cáiliào lèixíng】 material type 材料平衡区的账面存量 book inventory of a material 【cáiliào pínghéngqū de balance area zhàngmiàn cúnliàng】

6 材料平衡周期 material balance period (MBP) 【cáiliào pínghéng zhōuqī】 材料说明【cáiliào shuōmíng】 material description 材料形态【cáiliào xíngtài】 material form 裁军【cáijūn】 disarmament 汉 裁军谈判会议 Conference on Disarmament 【cáijūn tánpàn huìyì】 (CD) 英 裁军谈判会议特设委员会【cáijūn Ad Hoc Committee of tánpàn huìyì tèshè wěiyuánhuì】 Conference on Disarmament 裁军谈判委员会 Committee on Disarmament 【cáijūn tánpàn wěiyuánhuì】 裁军委员会会议 Conference of the Committee 【cáijūn wěiyuánhuì huìyì】 on Disarmament (CCD) 采办策略/采办途径 acquisition strategy/acquisition 【cǎibàn cèlüè cǎibàn tújìng】 path A (hypothetical) scheme which a State 某国谋取用于制造核爆炸装置的核 could consider to acquire nuclear mate- 材料的一种(设想)策略。(源自:参考 rial usable for manufacturing a nuclear 文献[4],3.8) explosive device. (From: Reference [4], 3.8) 参考物质【cānkǎo wùzhì】 reference material 产氚堆【chǎn chuān duī】 tritium production reactor 产氚方法【chǎnchuān fāngfǎ】 methods of tritium production 超临界气体离心机 supercritical gas centrifuge 【chāolínjiè qìtǐ líxīnjī】 超越遏制战略 strategy of going beyond 【chāoyuè èzhì zhànlüè】 containment 成像侦察卫星 imaging reconnaissance 【chéngxiàng zhēnchá wèixīng】 satellite 冲击波弹【chōngjībō dàn】 shock wave weapon 冲击波毁伤效应 damaging and injuring effects 【chōngjībō huǐshāng xiàoyìng】 of shock wave 冲击载荷【chōngjī zàihè】 shock wave load

7 重访周期 revisit period 【chóngfǎng zhōuqī】 重新瞄准能力 retargeting capability 【chóngxīn miáozhǔn nénglì】 出入口控制 entrance and exit control 【chūrùkǒu kòngzhì】 初始视察【chūshǐ shìchá】 initial inspection 汉 触发清单【chùfā qīngdān】 trigger list 英 The NSG prescribes that items on the 核供应国集团规定,向无核武器国 list exported to non-nuclear-weapon 家出口“清单”上的项目,要“触 states should trigger the IAEA safe- 发”国际原子能机构的保障监督。 guards. (From: Reference [1], p407) (源自:参考文献[1],p407) 氚【chuān】 tritium 次临界安全模拟实验系统 subcritical safety simulation 【cìlínjiè ānquán mónǐ shíyàn xìtǒng】 experiment system 次临界度【cìlínjiè dù】 subcriticality 次临界实验【cìlínjiè shíyàn】 subcritical experiment Hydrodynamic detonation experiment in 实验中裂变系统处于次临界状态的 which the fission system remains 爆轰流体动力学实验,裂变材料的 subcritical, the material used would not 用量以不会发生自持链式裂变核反 exceed the amount that may produce a self-sustaining chain reaction. (Modified 应为限。 (改自:参考文献[1],p214) from: Reference [1], p214) 次临界装置【cìlínjiè zhuāngzhì】 subcritical assembly 次声监测【cìshēng jiāncè】 infrasound monitoring 存量【cúnliàng】 inventory 存量变化【cúnliàng biànhuà】 inventory change 存留废物【cúnliú fèiwù】 retained waste 打击核恐怖主义全球行动倡议 Global Initiative to Combat 【dǎjī hékǒngbùzhǔyì quánqiú Nuclear Terrorism xíngdòng chàngyì】 Launched in 2006 by the United States 2006 年由美国和俄国发起,旨在防 and Russia, the initiative aims to prevent terrorist access to nuclear 止恐怖主义分子获取核材料的倡

8 议,具体措施包括:改善核及放射 materials by improving accounting and security of radioactive and nuclear 性材料的衡算与安全,加强对民用 materials, enhancing security at civilian 核设施的保护,提高对核及放射性 nuclear facilities, and improving 物质探测能力以防止非法走私。(源 detection of nuclear and radioactive materials to prevent illicit trafficking. 自:参考文献[44]) (From: Reference [44]) 汉 打击军事力量【dǎjī jūnshì lìliàng】 counterforce strike 英 The employment of strategic air and 在任何可引发冲突的情况下,使用 missile forces in an effort to destroy, or 战略空军和导弹力量摧毁或使选定 render impotent, selected military capa- 的敌方军事力量失效。(源自:参考文 bilities of an enemy force under any of the circumstances by which hostilities 献[9],p128) may be initiated. (From: Reference [9], p128) 打击社会财富【dǎjī shèhuì cáifù】 countervalue strike Striking non-military assets of value to 打击敌方有价值的非军事目标,如 the enemy, such as population and 人口和工业设施。(改自:参考文献[27]) industry centers. (Modified from: Reference [27]) 大规模报复战略 strategy of massive retaliation 【dàguīmó bàofù zhànlüè】 大国协调【dàguó xiétiáo】 concert of powers 大陆架【dàlùjià】 continental shelf 大气层核爆炸取样技术 sampling technology of 【dàqìcéng hébàozhà qǔyàng jìshù】 atmospheric nuclear explosion 大气层核试验【dàqìcéng héshìyàn】 atmospheric nuclear test 大气层核试验的安全问题 safety problems of atmospheric 【dàqìcéng héshìyàn de ānquán wèntí】 nuclear test 代表性样品【dàibiǎoxìng yàngpǐn】 representative sample 单位分离功能耗 energy consumption of unit 【dānwèi fēnlígōng nénghào】 separative work 单循环流程【dānxúnhuán liúchéng】 single-cycle process 弹道导弹潜艇 ballistic-missile submarine 【dàndàodǎodàn qiántǐng】

9 弹道导弹预警系统 ballistic-missile early warning 【dàndàodǎodàn yùjǐng xìtǒng】 system 弹芯【dànxīn】 pit The sphere or shell of nuclear explosive 安置在内爆装置中心、通常有铍或 material at the center of an implosion 其他金属包层的核炸药材料球体或 device, usually clad with beryllium or 壳体。(改自:参考文献[11],p90) another metal. (Modified from: Reference [11], p90) 汉 英 当量剂量【dāngliàng jìliàng】 equivalent dose 氘【dāo】 deuterium 氘氚化锂【dāochuānhuàlǐ】 lithium deutero-tritide 氘化锂【dāohuàlǐ】 lithium deuteride 导弹技术控制制度 Missile Technology Control 【dǎodàn jìshù kòngzhì zhìdù】 Regime (MTCR) The MTCR was originally established in 美国等西方国家 1987 年制定的,旨 1987 by western countries. It is a 在防止用于运载大规模杀伤性武器 regime that aims to restrict the 的投掷系统(有人驾驶飞机除外)及 proliferation of systems (except manned air vehicles), equipments and 有关设备和技术扩散的控制制度。 technologies intended for the delivery of 该制度由“准则”和“设备与技术 weapons of mass destruction (WMD). 附件“两个文件组成,把限制项目 The MTCR includes the Guidelines and the Equipment and Technology Annex, (导弹、分系统、部件,生产设施和 and it divides controlled items (missiles 有关技术)分成两大类。第一类项目 along with their subsystems and 为“最敏感项目”,一般不得转让。 components, production equipments and related technologies) into two 第二类项目为军民两用项目,出口 category. Category I items are the most 时要以许可证方式逐件审批,保证 sensitive items, commonly the transfer 不用于包含第一类项目的系统。 of them will not be authorized. Category II items are dual-use items, which 1993 年成员国对“准则”进行了修 should be examined and approved 改,把原版中控制“核武器运载系 case-by-case subject to export license, 统”的转让改成控制“大规模杀伤 and be guaranteed not to be used in projects including Category I items. In 性武器(即核、生、化武器)运载系 1993, member states modified the 统”的转让。截至 2007 年底,该制 Guidelines. “Control the transfer of

10 nuclear weapons delivery systems”, in 度有 34 个成员国。(改自:参考文献[1], the original version was modified to p410) “control the transfer of weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, biological, chemical weapon) delivery systems”. Up to the end of 2007, the Regime has 34 member states. (Modified from: Reference 汉 [1], p410) 英 导弹精度【dǎodàn jīngdù】 missile accuracy 导弹遥测信号【dǎodàn yáocè xìnhào】 telemetry signal for missiles 等效百万吨数 equivalent megatonnage 【děngxiào báiwàndūnshù】 The 2/3 power of the yield of a nuclear 以百万吨 TNT 当量为单位计量核 warhead measured by megaton TNT 弹威力的数值的三分之二次方。用 equivalent. The formula is EMT= 公式可表示为 EMT=(Y/Y0) 。式中 2/3 (Y/Y0)2/3, where Y is the yield of a Y 为核弹威力,Y0 为一百万吨 TNT nuclear warhead and Y0 is one megaton 当量。(改自:参考文献[3],p115-116) TNT equivalent. (Modified from: Reference [3], p115-116) 低放废物【dīfàng fèiwù】 low level radioactive waste 低浓铀【dī'nóngyóu】 low-enriched uranium (LEU) 低强度冲突理论 theory of low intensity conflict 【dīqiángdù chōngtū lǐlùn】 地面分辨率/空间分辨率 ground resolution/spatial 【dìmiàn fēnbiànlǜ kōngjiān fēnbiànlǜ】 resolution 地面或地下核爆炸毁伤效应 damaging and injuring effects 【dìmiàn huò dìxià hébàozhà huǐshāng of surface or underground xiàoyìng】 nuclear explosion 地区核材料衡算和控制系统 regional system of accounting 【dìqū hécáiliào héngsuàn hé kòngzhì for and control of nuclear xìtǒng】 material (RSAC) 地(水)面核爆炸 nuclear land (water) surface 【dìshuǐmiàn hébàozhà】 burst 地(水)下核爆炸 nuclear underground (or 【dìshuǐxià hébàozhà】 underwater) burst

11 地下发射井【dìxià fāshèjǐng】 silo 地下核爆炸取样技术 sampling technology of 【dìxià hébàozhà qǔyàng jìshù】 underground nuclear explosion 地下核试验【dìxià héshìyàn】 underground nuclear test 地下核试验的安全问题 safety problems of 【dìxià héshìyàn de ānquán wèntí】 underground nuclear test 汉 地下井冷发射【dìxiàjǐng lěngfāshè】 silo cold launch 英 地下井热发射【dìxiàjǐng rèfāshè】 silo hot launch 地震监测【dìzhèn jiāncè】 seismic monitoring 地震监测系统【dìzhèn jiāncè xìtǒng】 seismic monitoring system 地质处置库【dìzhì chǔzhìkù】 geological repository 第二次核打击【dì’èrcì hédǎjī】 nuclear second strike Retaliatory nuclear attack following an 对敌方第一次核袭击的报复性核打 enemy’s first nuclear attack. (Modified 击。(改自:参考文献[2],p62) from: Reference [2], p62) 第二代核武器【dì’èrdài héwǔqì】 second-generation nuclear weapon 第三代核武器【dìsāndài héwǔqì】 third-generation nuclear weapon 第一次核打击【dìyīcì hédǎjī】 nuclear first strike 1 The launching of an initial nuclear 1 在对手能够使用任何战略武器之 attack before one’s opponent is able to 前率先发动核攻击。首次打击是给 use any strategic weapon. First strike is 对手造成极大的破坏致使其失去发 a nuclear attack carried out at such a 起有效反击能力的核进攻。(源自: devastatingly high level of destruction as to nullify an enemy’s capability to 参考文献[6],p72) launch a major counterstrike. (From: Reference [6], p72) 2 An initial attack on an opponent's 2 对敌方战略核力量的首次打击。 strategic nuclear forces. Such an attack 这种打击可用于试图摧毁敌方的报 may be undertaken in an attempt to 复(第二次打击)能力。(源自:参考文 destroy an enemy's retaliatory (second-strike) capability. (From: Reference 献[8]) [8])

12 第一代核武器【dìyīdài héwǔqì】 first-generation nuclear weapon 点目标【diǎn mùbiāo】 point target 点样品【diǎn yàngpǐn】 point sample 在一个特定地区环境为确定能够在 An environmental sample taken in one 接近泄漏点临近地区发现泄漏物质 particular area to characterize one 的源的特征而采集的样品。(源自: source of released material which can 汉 be found in a contiguous area adjacent 英 参考文献[4],9.5) to a release point. (From: Reference [4], 9.5) 电磁脉冲弹【diàncí màichōng dàn】 electromagnetic pulse weapon 一种设计成能加强核武器电磁脉冲 A nuclear explosive designed to enhance the electromagnetic pulse 效应的核爆炸装置。(源自:参考文献 radiated by a nuclear weapon. (From: [20]) Reference [20]) 电子【diànzǐ】 electron 电子枪【diànzǐqiāng】 electron gun 电子系统的瞬态辐射效应 transient radiation effects on 【diànzǐ xìtǒng de shùntài electronics fúshè xiàoyìng】 电子系统的永久性辐射损伤 permanent radiation damage in 【diànzǐ xìtǒng de yǒngjiǔxìng fúshè electronics sǔnshāng】 电子侦察卫星 electronic reconnaissance 【diànzǐ zhēnchá wèixīng】 satellite/electronic intelligence (ELINT) satellite 东盟地区论坛 ASEAN (Association of 【dōngméng dìqū lùntán】 Southeast Asian Nations) Regional Forum 东南亚无核武器区条约(曼谷条约) Treaty on the Southeast Asia 【 dōngnányà wúhéwǔqìqū tiáoyuē Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone màngǔ tiáoyuē】 (Treaty of Bangkok) 动力堆【dònglìduī】 power reactor 冻结【dòngjié】 freeze

13 杜皮克工艺【dùpíkè gōngyì】 DUPIC (Direct Use of Spent (压水堆乏燃料直接用于坎杜反应 PWR fuel in CANDU reactors) process 堆的工艺) 对照样品【dùizhào yàngpǐn】 control sample 钝感高能炸药 insensitive high explosive 【dùngǎn gāonéng zhàyào】 多层分离膜/复合分离膜 complex (diffusion) barrier 汉 【duōcéng fēnlímó fùhé fēnlímó】 A kind of (isotope) separation barrier 英 由多层不同结构的多孔膜紧密叠合 composed of multiple layers of compactly overlapped porous barriers 组成的分离膜。(源自:参考文献[2], with different structure. (From: Reference [2], p81) p81) 多裂变体次临界安全实验 multi-fissile body subcritical 【duōlièbiàntǐ cìlínjiè ānquán shíyàn】 safety experiment 遏制战略【èzhì zhànlüè】 containment strategy 美国在冷战初期试图阻止苏联的扩 Refers to the foreign policy strategy of 张和防止一些国家在政治上走向苏 the United States during the Cold War 联领导的共产主义的外交政策战 in which it attempted to stop the expan- sion of the Soviet Union and to prevent 略。(改自:参考文献[40]) nations moving politically towards com- munism led by the Soviet Union. (Modified from: Reference [40]) 遏制转用【èzhì zhuǎnyòng】 deterrence of diversion 21 国集团【èrshíyīguó jítuán】 Group of 21 二氧化钚【èryǎnghuàbù】 plutonium dioxide 二氧化铀【èryǎnghuàyóu】 uranium dioxide 发方/收方差额 shipper/receiver difference 【fāfāng shōufāng chā’é】 (SRD) 乏燃料【fáránliào】 spent fuel 乏燃料的冷却 cooling of spent fuel 【fáránliào de lěngquè】 乏燃料管理安全和放射性废物管理 Spent Fuel Management Safety 安全联合公约 and Radioactive Waste 【fáránliào guǎnlǐ ānquán hé fàngshè Management Safety Joint

14 xìng fèiwù guǎnlǐ ānquán liánhé Convention gōngyuē】 乏燃料贮存【fáránliào zhùcún】 spent fuel storage 反弹道导弹的导弹 anti-ballistic-missile missile 【fǎndàndàodǎodàn de dǎodàn】 反胁迫报警【fǎnxiépò bàojǐng】 anti-coercion alarm 汉 Also called anti-hijack alarm. The con- 又称反劫持报警。给值班、巡逻人 英 cealed warning device provided for 员配备的隐蔽报警装置。(改自:参 guards on duty or on patrol. (Modified 考文献[2],p91) from: Reference [2], p91) 反应堆【fǎnyìngduī】 reactor 反应堆分类【fǎnyìngduī fēnlèi】 classification of reactor 反应堆级钚【fǎnyìngduījí bù】 reactor-grade plutonium 通常指钚-240 含量大于 18%的钚。 Plutonium containing more than 18% (改自:参考文献[2],p93) Pu-240. (Modified from: Reference [2], p93) 方差 σ2【fāngchā σ2】 variance σ2 防御性战略【fángyùxìng zhànlüè】 defensive strategy To guard against and resist the enemy’s 在全局上采取承受、逐步削弱和阻 attack by means of a strategy based on 止的态势,防备和抗击敌人的进攻。 operations that absorb, progressively (改自:参考文献[18],p36-37) weaken and block such an attack. (Modified from: Reference [18], p36-37) 放射性沉降【fàngshèxìng chénjiàng】 radioactive fallout 放射性废物【fàngshèxìng fèiwù】 radioactive waste 放射性废物处置 radioactive waste disposal 【fàngshèxìng fèiwù chǔzhì】 放射性废液处理 processing of radioactive liquid 【fàngshèxìng fèiyè chǔlǐ】 waste 放射性固体废物处理 treatment of radioactive solid 【fàngshèxìng gùtǐ fèiwù chǔlǐ】 waste

15 放射性核素监测 radionuclide monitoring 【fàngshèxìng hésù jiāncè】 A method for monitoring nuclear relat- 通过收集、分析、测量各种放射性 ed activity through collecting, analyzing, 核素,以达到监测相关核活动目的 and measuring different kinds of radio- nuclides. (Modified from: Reference [1], p486) 的方法。(改自:参考文献[1],p486) 放射性活度【fàngshèxìng huódù】 radioactivity 汉 放射性气体取样与探测 radioactive gas sampling and 【fàngshèxìng qìtǐ qǔyàng yǔ tàncè】 detecting 英 放射性同位素 radioisotope 【fàngshèxìng tóngwèisù】 放射性物质散布装置 【fàngshèxìng radiological dispersal device wùzhì sànbù zhuāngzhì】 (RDD) 参见“脏弹” Refer to “dirty bomb” 放射性烟云【fàngshèxìng yānyún】 radioactive cloud 放射性沾染【fàngshèxìng zhānrǎn】 radioactive contamination 放射性沾染效应 effects of radioactive contamin- 【fàngshèxìng zhānrǎn xiàoyìng】 ation 非对称战争【fēiduìchèn zhànzhēng】 asymmetric warfare A war in which either side employs a 任何一方使用了不同的武器、战术 different weapon, tactic or strategy. “All 或战略的战争。“所有战略都基于 strategy works on asymmetries, so 非对称性原则进行谋划和实施,因 asymmetric warfare is representative of 此理性运筹的战争都具有非对称性 all rationally executed warfare.” (From: 特征。 (源自: ” 参考文献[55],p102-108) Reference [55], p102-108) 非核重型轰炸机基线展示 baseline exhibition for 【fēihé zhòngxíng hōngzhàjī jīxiàn non-nuclear heavy bombers zhǎnshì】 非现役弹头【fēi xiànyì dàntóu】 inactive warhead 非现役核武库【fēi xiànyì héwǔkù】 inactive nuclear stockpile 非直接使用材料 indirect use material 【fēi zhíjiē shǐyòng cáiliào】 All nuclear material except direct use 除直接使用材料以外的所有核材 material. It includes: depleted, natural 料。它包括:贫化铀、天然铀和低 and low enriched uranium, and thorium,

16 浓缩铀以及钍,所有这些材料都必 all of which must be further processed in order to produce direct use material. 须经过进一步加工以生产直接使用 (From: Reference [4], 4.26) 材料。(源自:参考文献[4],4.26) 废物固化【fèiwù gùhuà】 waste solidification 废物贮存【fèiwù zhùcún】 waste storage 汉 沸水堆【fèishuǐduī】 boiling water reactor (BWR) 英 分导式多弹头【fēndǎoshì duōdàntóu】 multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) 分离单元【fēnlí dānyuán】 separative element 分离功【fēnlígōng】 separative work 把一定量的铀浓缩到一定的铀-235 The required work to enrich uranium to a certain level of U-235 concentration. It 丰度所需要投入的工作量,表达为 is described in terms of kg Separative 千克分离功单位(kgSWU)或吨分离 Work Unit (kgSWU) or ton Separative 功单位(tSWU)。(源自:参考文献[26], Work Unit (tSWU). (From:Reference [26], p213) p213) 分离功单位【fēnlígōng dānwèi】 separative work unit 分离功率【fēnlí gōnglǜ】 separative power A unit for measuring separative work 一个分离单元或一个分离级联在单 per unit time provided by a separating 位时间所能提供的分离功。(改自: unit or a separating cascade. (Modified 参考文献[2],p125) from: Reference [2], p125) 分离级【fēnlíjí】 separation stage 分离膜【fēnlímó】 diffusion barrier 分离膜的渗透性 permeability of barrier 【fēnlímó de shèntòuxìng】 分离膜效率【fēnlímó xiàolǜ】 efficiency of barrier The ratio of a porous barrier’s real 分离膜的实际浓缩因子与理想浓缩 enrichment factor to its theoretical 因子的比值。由于非纯分子流和膜 maximum enrichment factor. Because of non-ideal molecular flow and back 后反扩散的影响,分离膜的实际浓 diffusion, the real enrichment factor is 缩因子通常小于理想浓缩因子。(改 less than the theoretical maximum

17 enrichment factor. (Modified from: Reference 自:参考文献[2],p126) [2], p126) 分子流【fēnzǐliú】 molecular flow 封记【fēngjì】 seal Anything that tightly or completely 用以紧紧地或完全地封闭或保护某 closes or secures a thing. A seal with 物,俗称封条或封签。利用做特殊 special markers is usually applied to 汉 标记的方法在被核查设备或部件加 those inspected equipments or compo- nents in order to prevent weapons and 英 封条,以防止武器及武器部件被转 related components from being trans- 移和改动的措施。封记必须具有防 ferred and modified. A seal must be 止篡改和防伪造的特性,具有唯一 tamper-proof and counterfeit-proof and 性,不能复制,有很强的置信度, it must be unique and hard to duplicate with high confidence. It also should 同时又要保证被核查设备或部件不 guarantee that inspected equipments or 受影响或不被改变,不揭示被核查 components remain unaffected or un- 设施的敏感信息。应用中的封记有 changed and that sensitive information 光纤封记、焊缝封记、电子封记和 related to the inspected facilities would 超声封记等。(源自:参考文献[1],p496) not be revealed. Seals currently in application include fiber seal, welding seal, electric seal and ultrasonic seal etc. (From: Reference [1], p496) 注:有源封记工作时需要电源,但 Note: An active seal requires electrical power, while a passive seal works 无源封记不需要电源。 without a power supply. 氟化挥发法【fúhuà huīfāfǎ】 fluoride volatility process 辐射【fúshè】 radiation 辐射波型电磁脉冲模拟器 electromagnetic-pulse 【fúshèbōxíng diàncí màichōng radiation-wave type simulator mónǐqì】 辐射加固的电子器件 radiation-hardened electronic 【fúshè jiāgù de diànzǐ qìjiàn】 components 附加议定书【fùjiā yìdìngshū】 Additional Protocol 干法后处理【gānfǎ hòuchǔlǐ】 dry reprocessing 干法贮存【gānfǎ zhùcún】 dry storage

18 干净氢弹【gānjìng qīngdàn】 clean hydrogen bomb 干扰【gānrǎo】 tampering 感生放射性弹 induced-radioactivity bomb 【gǎnshēng fàngshèxìngdàn】 A type of hydrogen bomb that utilizes 利用核爆中子感生的放射性同位素 radioisotopes induced by neutrons during a nuclear explosion to increase 增大放射性沾染的一种氢弹。1950 汉 radioactive contamination. In February 年 2 月匈牙利物理学家 L • 西拉德 1950 Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard 英 最早提出这种弹的设想—“钴弹”。 published the concept of this bomb — the “cobalt bomb”. However no state 但并没有人制造和试验。(源自:参 manufactures and tests this kind of 考文献[2],p63) bomb. (From: Reference [2], p63) 高放废物【gāofàngfèiwù】 high level radioactive waste 高分辨率灵敏照相机 high resolution sensing camera 【gāofēnbiànlǜ língmǐn zhàoxiàngjī】 高技术战争【gāojìshù zhànzhēng】 high-technology warfare 高空核爆炸【gāokōng hébàozhà】 nuclear high altitude burst 高空核爆炸电磁脉冲 electromagnetic pulse of 【gāokōng hébàozhà diàncí màichōng】 high-altitude nuclear explosion 高浓铀【gāonóngyóu】 high-enriched uranium (HEU) 高温化学处理【gāowēn huàxué chǔlǐ】 pyrochemical processing 高温气冷堆【gāowēn qìlěngduī】 high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) 高温冶金处理【gāowēn yějīn chǔlǐ】 pyrometallurgical processing 公报【gōngbào】 communique 公告【gōnggào】 announcement 公约【gōngyuē】 convention 供料【gōngliào】 feed material 供热反应堆【gōngrè fǎnyìngduī】 nuclear heating reactor 共同安全【gòngtóng ānquán】 common security A security concept that originated in 冷战时期欧洲形成的一种安全概 Europe during the Cold War era. In

19 念。1982 年,瑞典首相帕尔梅主持 1982, the Independent Commission on Disarmament and Security Issues 的“裁军和安全问题独立委员会” chaired by Swedish prime minister Olof 的报告《共同安全:生存蓝图》中 Palme published a report entitled 首次提出。该报告认为,共同安全 “Common Security: A Blueprint for Existence”, which for the first time put 是基于这样一种认识,即安全的最 forward this concept. The report pointed 佳保证是通过双边或多边的增强安 out that common security is based on 汉 全合作而非通过相互竞争的强权政 the following concept: the best 英 guarantee for security is obtained 治来获得。(源自:参考文献[1],p23) through cooperation in improving security for both or all parties rather than through competitive power politics.(From: Reference [1], p23) 钴弹【gǔdàn】 cobalt bomb Refer to "induced-radioactivity bomb" 参见“感生放射性弹” 关键测量点【guānjiàn cèliángdiǎn】 key measurement point (KMP) 关于朝鲜半岛无核化共同宣言 (North-South) Joint Declaration 【 guānyú cháoxiǎn bàndǎo wúhéhuà on the Denuclearization of the gòngtóng xuānyán】 Korean Peninsula 关于国际关系中不得进行武力威胁 Principled Declaration on 或使用武力的原则宣言 Refraining from the Threat or 【guānyú guójìguānxì zhōng bùdé Use of Force in Their jìnxíng wǔlì wēixié huò shǐyòng wǔlì de International Relations yuánzé xuānyán】 关于核材料、规定设备和非核材料 voluntary reporting scheme on 自愿报告机制 nuclear material and specified 【guānyú hécáiliào guīdìngshèbèi hé equipment and non-nuclear fēihécáiliào zìyuàn bàogào jīzhì】 material 惯性约束聚变 inertial confinement fusion 【guànxìng yuēshù jùbiàn】 (ICF) 罐装组件【guànzhuāng zǔjiàn】 canned subassembly (CSA) 核武器的次级装置,其内包含聚变 The secondary assembly in a nuclear 燃料和(大多数情况下)铀装料(可能 weapon containing both fusion fuel and in most cases uranium (some or all of 部分或全部是高浓铀)。(源自:参考 which may be HEU). (From: Reference [11], 文献[11],p90) p90)

20 注:在美国,要装入最终武器的部 Note: In America, the subassembly that is to be incorporated into the final 件被称为“罐装组件”。 weapon is called a “canned subassem- bly”. 规定的设备【guīdìng de shèbèi】 specified equipment 汉 规约【guīyuē】 statute 英 国防白皮书【guófáng báipíshū】 Defense White Paper 国际冲突【guójì chōngtū】 international conflict 国际法【guójìfǎ】 international law 国际惯例【guójì guànlì】 international custom 国际海事组织【guójì hǎishì zǔzhī】 International Maritime Organization (IMO) 国际衡算标准 international standards of 【guójì héngsuàn biāozhǔn】 accountancy 国际技术手段(核查用) international technical means 【guójì jìshù shǒuduàn hécháyòng】 (for verification) 国际监测系统【guójì jiāncè xìtǒng】 International Monitoring 为核查《全面禁止核试验条约》 System (IMS) Part of the verification system that was (CTBT)执行情况而建立的核查机 established to verify the implementation 制的一个组成部分。它主要由地震 of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban 监测网、大气放射性核素监测网、 Treaty (CTBT). It mainly consists of a 次声监测网和水声监测网组成。(源 seismic monitoring network, an atmospheric radionuclide monitoring 自:参考文献[1],p478) network, an infrasound monitoring network and a hydroacoustic monitoring network. (From: Reference [1], p478) 国际经济新秩序 new international economic 【guójì jīngjì xīnzhìxù】 order 国际数据中心【guójì shùjù zhōngxīn】 International Data Center (IDC) 国际条约【guójì tiáoyuē】 international treaty 国际原子能机构 International Atomic Energy 【guójì yuánzǐnéng jīgòu】 Agency (IAEA)

21 国际原子能机构“93+2”计划 IAEA's 93+2 program 【guójì yuánzǐnéng jīgòu “93+2” jìhuà】 国际原子能机构保障监督的范围 coverage of IAEA safeguards 【guójì yuánzǐnéng jīgòu bǎozhàng jiāndū de fànwéi】 国际原子能机构保障监督的豁免 exemption from IAEA 【guójì yuánzǐnéng jīgòu bǎozhàng safeguards jiāndū de huòmiǎn】 汉 starting point of IAEA 英 国际原子能机构保障监督的起点 【guójì yuánzǐnéng jīgòu bǎozhàng safeguards jiāndū de qǐdiǎn】 国际原子能机构保障监督的中止 suspension of IAEA safeguards 【guójì yuánzǐnéng jīgòu bǎozhàng jiāndū de zhōngzhǐ】 国际原子能机构保障监督的终止 termination of IAEA safeguards 【guójì yuánzǐnéng jīgòu bǎozhàng jiāndū de zhōngzhǐ】 国际原子能机构保障监督制度 Safeguards of International 【guójì yuánzǐnéng jīgòu Atomic Energy Agency bǎozhàng jiāndū zhìdù】 IAEA safeguards are a set of activities IAEA 的保障监督制度是 IAEA 为 by which the IAEA seeks to verify that a State is living up to its international 核实某国家履行未将民用核计划转 undertakings not to use peaceful 用于核武器目的的国际承诺的一整 nuclear programs for nuclear weapons 套行动。保障监督体系是基于某国 purposes. The safeguards system is based on assessment of the 就其核材料和相关核活动向 IAEA correctness and completeness of the 申报的准确性和完整性的评估。迄 State’s declarations to the IAEA 今为止,已有 145 个国家加入 IAEA concerning nuclear material and nuclear-related activities. To date, 145 的保障监督协议,将核材料、核设 States have entered into such 施和核活动呈交 IAEA 保障监督视 agreements with the IAEA, submitting 查员进行详细审查。IAEA 的核查 nuclear materials, facilities and 有助于确认上述项目未转用或滥用 activities to the scrutiny of IAEA’s safeguards inspectors. IAEA verification 于制造核武器,以及保障监督所要 helps to provide assurance that such 求申报的项目已全部申报。(源自: items are not diverted or misused in

22 order to assemble nuclear weapons and 参考文献[51]) that no items required to be declared under safeguards are undeclared. (From: Reference[51]) 国际原子能机构的保障监督体系 IAEA Safeguards System 【guójì yuánzǐnéng jīgòu de bǎozhàng jiāndū tǐxì】 汉 国际原子能机构规约 Statute of the International 英 【guójì yuánzǐnéng jīgòu guīyuē】 Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能机构及时性探知指标 IAEA timeliness detection goal 【guójì yuánzǐnéng jīgòu jíshíxìng tànzhī zhǐbiāo】 国际原子能机构视察指标 IAEA inspection goal 【guójì yuánzǐnéng jīgòu shìchá zhǐbiāo】 国际原子能机构特权和豁免协定 Agreement on the Privileges 【guójì yuánzǐnéng jīgòu tèquán hé and Immunities of the IAEA huòmiǎn xiédìng】 国际战略格局【guójì zhànlüè géjú】 international strategic pattern 国际争端【guójì zhēngduān】 international dispute 国际政治新秩序 new international political order 【guójì zhèngzhì xīnzhìxù】 国际制裁【guójì zhìcái】 international sanction 国家安全战略 national security strategy 【guójiā ānquán zhànlüè】 Development, application, and coordi- 发展、运用和协调各种国家力量手 nation of the instruments of national power to achieve objectives that contri- 段以实现有助于维护国家安全的目 bute to national security. In the U.S., it 标。在美国,这是一个正式的官方 is a formal U.S. government docu- 文件。(改自:参考文献[9],p367) ment. (Modified from: Reference [9], p 367) 国家点火装置 National Ignition Facility (NIF) 【guójiā diǎnhuǒ zhuāngzhì】 国家核材料衡算和控制系统 state system of accounting for 【guójiā hécáiliào héngsuàn hé kòngzhì and control of nuclear material xìtǒng】 (SSAC)

23 国家级保障监督方案 state-level safeguards approach 【guójiājí bǎozhàng jiāndū fāng'àn】 A safeguards approach developed for a 为具体国家制定的保障监督方案, specific State, encompassing all 方案涵盖该国所有与核材料、核设 nuclear material, nuclear installations 施以及与核燃料循环相关的活动。 and nuclear fuel cycle related activities (源自:参考文献[4],3.4) in that State. (From: Reference [4], 3.4) 国家技术手段 national technical means 汉 【guójiā jìshù shǒuduàn】 (NTMs) 英 1 Verification and monitoring techno- 1 一个国家单方面拥有的核查和监 logies or measures owned by a country 测技术或措施,所获信息独家享用, alone, and information thus collected 常用于获取其他国家的相关活动的 will be used by itself. NTM is usually 信息或情报。有时,也可用于军备 used to obtain information or intelli- gence on relevant activities conducted 控制条约或协议,以了解和核查其 by other countries. It may also be used 他参约方的遵约情况。(改自:参考文 for understanding and verifying comp- 献[1],p472) liance with treaties or agreements related to arms control by other treaty signatories. (Modified from: Reference [1], p472) 2 在未侵入协议方领土、领空、领 2 NTM refers to nationally owned instruments for surveying a party's 海的前提下,国家拥有的用于核查 compliance with agreement obligations, 其他协议方是否遵约的手段。来自 without intruding onto its territory, airspace or national waters. Informa- NTM 的信息可用于国际核查制度, tion derived from NTM may be used in 由条约缔约国向另一方质疑是否遵 international verification regimes by a 约。(源自:参考文献[19],p198) treaty party to question another party’s compliance. (From: Reference [19], p198) 国家军事战略【guójiā jūnshì zhànlüè】 national military strategy The deployment and application of 分配和运用军事力量以实现国家安 military power to attain national security 全战略和国防战略目标。(改自:参 strategy and national defense strategy 考文献[9],p365) objectives. (Modified from:Reference [9], p365) 国家利益【guójiā lìyì】 national interest

24 国家战略【guójiā zhànlüè】 national strategy 海军用反应堆 naval reactor 【hǎijūnyòng fǎnyìngduī】 海洋监视卫星 ocean surveillance satellite 【hǎiyáng jiānshì wèixīng】 氦-3【hài sān】 helium-3 汉 合成孔径雷达 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) 英 【héchéng kǒngjìng léidá】 合计铀【héjì yóu】 unified uranium “合理足够”原则 doctrine of "reasonable 【hélǐ zúgòu yuánzé】 sufficiency" 合作安全【hézuò ānquán】 cooperative security A new security approach that evolved 冷战后形成的一种新的安全途径, after the end of the Cold War, “which “它强调安全保证,而不是威慑; emphasizes reassurance rather than 它是包容性的,而不是排斥性的; deterrence; it is inclusive rather than exclusive; favours multilateralism over 它注重多边主义而不是单边或双边 unilateralism or bilateralism; does not 主义;它不认为军事手段高于非军 rank military solutions over non-military 事手段;它认为国家是安全体系里 ones; assumes that states are the 的主要行为体,但也接受非国家行 principal actors in the security system but accepts that non-state actors have 为体能发挥重要作用;它不特别强 an important role to play; does not 调,但也不拒绝建立正式的安全机 particularly emphasize the creation of 构;最重要的是,它强调建立对话 formal security institutions, but does not reject them either; and which, above all, 习惯的重要性。 (源自:参考文献[65]) ” stresses the value of creating habits of dialogue.” (From: Reference [65]) 合作减少威胁计划/纳恩-卢格计划 Cooperative Threat Reduction 【hézuò jiǎnshǎo wēixié jìhuà nà’ēn Program/Nunn-Lugar Program lúgé jìhuà】 The November 1991 legislation that 由美国国会于 1991 年 11 月通过。 provides the Department of Defense 该立法授权国防部为符合条件的前 (DOD) with the authority to fund assistance to the eligible states of the 苏联国家拆除和销毁大规模杀伤性 former Soviet Union to dismantle and 武器提供资金援助,加强拆卸过程

25 destroy weapons of mass destruction; 中核武器和裂变材料的安全,防止 to strengthen the security of nuclear 扩散,帮助独联体国家(NIS)把大规 weapons and fissile materials in 模杀伤性武器的工业和科技基础设 connection with dismantlement; to 施转化为非军事目的。从 1996 年 prevent proliferation; and to help 起,美国国务院负责武器专家的转 demilitarize the industrial and scientific infrastructure in the Newly Independent 汉 行和出口控制,能源部负责核材料 States (NIS) which has supported 英 的控制和衡算。(改自:参考文献[50]) weapons of mass destruction. Since 1996, the Department of State and Department of Energy have assumed responsibility respectively for redirection of weapons expertise and export controls (State) and nuclear material control and accountability (DOE) prog- ram activities. (Modified from: Reference [50]) 合作议定书【hézuò yìdìngshū】 cooperation protocol 和平共处五项原则 Five Principles of Peaceful 【hépíng gòngchǔ wǔxiàng yuánzé】 Coexistence 和平共处五项原则,即相互尊重主 The Five Principles are: mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, 权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干 mutual non-aggression, non- 涉内政、平等互利、和平共处。这 interference in each other's internal 五项原则由周恩来总理在与印度代 affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and 表团谈判时提出,并于 1954 年 6 月 peaceful coexistence. In negotiation with an Indian delegation the Five 首次被写入周恩来总理与贾瓦 Principles were set forth by Premier 哈·尼赫鲁总理签署的联合公报中, Zhou Enlai, and subsequently included 此后被众多国际性文件所采用并成 in the joint communique issued by 为公认的指导国际关系的准则。(源 Premier Zhou Enlai and Prime Minister 自:参考文献[53]) Jawaharlal Nehru, in June 1954. Since that time the principles have been adopted in many other international documents. (Modified from: Reference[53]) 和平核爆炸【hépíng hébàozhà】 peaceful nuclear explosions

26 和平解决理论【hépíng jiějué lǐlùn】 theory of peaceful settlement 和平利用核爆炸 peaceful use of nuclear 【hépíng lìyòng hébàozhà】 explosion 核(爆炸)装置全过程数值模拟实验 integrated numerical simulation 【hé bàozhà zhuāngzhì quánguòchéng experiment of explosion device shùzhí mónǐ shíyàn】 汉 核安全公约【hé’ānquán gōngyuē】 Nuclear Safety Convention 英 核爆材料【hébào cáiliào】 nuclear-explosive material (NEM) 以适当的数量、纯度和构型存在时, Any mixture of nuclear-explosive and 能用以支持链式反应的核炸药和其 other nuclides that can be made to 他核素的混合物。 (源自:参考文献 support a chain reaction when present [11],p221) in suitable quantity, purity, and geometry is called “nuclear-explosive material” (NEM). (From: Reference [11], p221) 核爆激励 X 射线激光器 X-ray laser pumped by nuclear 【hébào jīlì X shèxiàn jīguāngqì】 explosion 核爆激励定向能武器 directed-energy weapon driven 【hébào jīlì dìngxiàngnéng wǔqì】 by a nuclear explosion 核爆激励高功率微波武器 nuclear-explosion-driven 【hébào jīlì gāogōnglǜ wēibō wǔqì】 microwave weapon A nuclear explosive with special 一种具有特殊性能的核爆炸装置, characteristics coupled with a special 它通过与微波发生器耦合的方式, microwave generator that can disturb or 产生以高功率微波干扰或毁坏敌方 destroy enemies’ communication system or electronic components of 通信系统或武器的电子部件。又称 weapons by high-power microwaves. It 核爆驱动电磁脉冲弹。它是提议中 is one of the proposed third generation 第三代核武器的一种。(改自:参考文 nuclear weapons. (Modified from: Reference [2], p176) 献[2],p176) 核爆驱动电磁脉冲弹 electromagnetic pulse weapon 【hébào qūdòng diàncí màichōngdàn】 driven by nuclear explosion 核爆炸【hébàozhà】 nuclear explosion 利用能自持进行的原子核裂变或/ The process of producing explosive effects and potentially huge casualties 和聚变反应瞬时释放的巨大能量,

27 产生爆炸作用和可能造成巨大杀伤 and damage by huge energy instan- taneously released from selfsustaining 破坏效应的过程。(改自:参考文献[3], nuclear fission or/and fusion. (Modified p394) from: Reference [3], p394) 注:核爆炸指由于在材料中发生自 Note: A nuclear explosion is a 持裂变链式反应或裂变-聚变反应 self-sustaining fission chain reaction (or 而导致材料解体(从纯粹的核聚变 fission-fusion reaction) in a material that 汉 中获得能量的惯性约束聚变系统除 is disrupted in the process, with the 英 exception of inertial-confinement fusion 外)。核反应堆,即使是裂变过程由 systems for obtaining energy from pure 于固体材料热膨胀而终止的脉冲核 nuclear fusion. A nuclear reactor, even 反应堆,也不属于核爆炸。(改自: a pulsed nuclear reactor in which the fission process is terminated by thermal 参考文献[59],p14-15) expansion of solid material, is not a nuclear explosion. (Modified from: Reference [59], p14-15) 核爆炸产生的放射性核素 radioactive nuclide from 【hébàozhà chǎnshēng de nuclear explosion fàngshèxìng hésù】 核爆炸产生的放射性气溶胶 radioactive aerosol of nuclear 【hébàozhà chǎnshēng de fàngshèxìng explosion qìróngjiāo】 核爆炸成坑效应 cratering of nuclear explosion 【hébàozhà chéngkēng xiàoyìng】 核爆炸冲击波【hébàozhà chōngjībō】 nuclear explosion shock wave 核爆炸的长期生物效应 long-term biological effects of 【hébàozhà de chángqī shēngwù nuclear explosion xiàoyìng】 核爆炸的计算机模拟 computer simulation of a 【hébàozhà de jìsuànjī mónǐ】 nuclear explosion 核爆炸地球物理效应 geophysical effects of nuclear 【hébàozhà dìqiúwùlǐ xiàoyìng】 explosion 核爆炸方式(环境) type (environment) of nuclear 【hébàozhà fāngshì huánjìng】 explosion 核武器或核爆炸装置在不同介质、 Nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive

28 不同高度或深度的爆炸,包括大气 devices can be exploded in different 层核爆炸、高空核爆炸、水下核爆 media or at different heights/depths, in 炸和地下核爆炸等。(改自:参考文献 the atmosphere, in space, underwater and underground. (Modified from: Reference [1],p191) [1], p191) 核爆炸光(热)辐射 thermal radiation of nuclear 汉 【hébàozhà guāngrèfúshè】 explosion 英 核爆炸光(热)辐射毁伤效应 damaging and injuring effects 【 hébàozhà guāngrèfúshè huǐshāng of thermal radiation of nuclear xiàoyìng】 explosion 核爆炸环境取样 environmental sampling of 【hébàozhà huánjìng qǔyàng】 nuclear explosion 核爆炸火球【hébàozhà huǒqiú】 nuclear explosion fireball 核爆炸火球参数测量 measurement of nuclear fireball 【hébàozhà huǒqiú cānshù cèliáng】 parameters 核爆炸级瞬时辐射模拟源 nuclear-explosion-level prompt 【hébàozhàjí shùnshí fúshè radiation simulation source mónǐ yuán】 核爆炸模拟【hébàozhà mónǐ】 simulation of nuclear explosion 核爆炸碎片的分凝 nuclear explosion debris 【hébàozhà suìpiàn de fēnníng】 fractionation 核爆炸探测【hébàozhà tàncè】 detection of nuclear explosion 核爆炸探测技术 detection technology of nuclear 【hébàozhà tàncè jìshù】 explosion 核爆炸探测系统 detection system of nuclear 【hébàozhà tàncè xìtǒng】 explosion 核爆炸通信效应 effects of nuclear explosion on 【hébàozhà tōngxìn xiàoyìng】 communication 核爆炸物理模拟 physical-simulation of nuclear 【hébàozhà wùlǐ mónǐ】 explosion 核爆炸现场视察技术 technologies for on-site 【hébàozhà xiànchǎng shìchá jìshù】 inspection of nuclear explosion 核爆炸效应【hébàozhà xiàoyìng】 nuclear explosion effects

29 核爆炸效应参数测量 measurement of nuclear 【hébàozhà xiàoyìng cānshù cèliáng】 explosion effect parameters 核爆炸效应模拟 simulation of nuclear explosion 【hébàozhà xiàoyìng mónǐ】 effects Using various simulating measures to 利用各种模拟手段研究核爆炸破坏 research the destructive mechanisms 机理以及对核爆炸效应的保护措 and protective measures against the effects of a nuclear explosion. (Modified 汉 施。(改自:参考文献[3],p377) from: Reference [3], p377) 英 核爆炸早期核辐射 initial nuclear radiation of 【hébàozhà zǎoqī héfúshè】 nuclear explosion 核爆炸早期核辐射毁伤效应 injuring and damaging effects 【 hébàozhà zǎoqī héfúshè huǐshāng of initial nuclear radiation of xiàoyìng】 nuclear explosion 核爆炸装置【hébàozhà zhuāngzhì】 nuclear explosive device A fission or thermonuclear device 具有核爆炸功能的裂变装置或热核 capable of producing a nuclear explo- 装置。(改自:参考文献[3],p379) sion. (Modified from: Reference [3], p379) 核材料【hécáiliào】 nuclear material 核材料擦拭样品 swipe samples of nuclear 【hécáiliào cāshì yàngpǐn】 material 核材料初期存量 beginning inventory of nuclear 【hécáiliào chūqī cúnliàng】 material 某一衡算周期开始时所拥有的材料 The amount of nuclear material at the beginning of a balancing period. It 量。初始实物存量应等于前次材料 should be equal to the inventory at the 衡算周期中核材料的末期存量。(源 end of the last material balancing 自:参考文献[2],p186) period. (From: Reference [2], p186) 核材料初始存量 initial physical inventory of 【hécáiliào chūshǐ cúnliàng】 nuclear material 核材料封隔【hécáiliào fēnggé】 containment of nuclear material 核材料衡算活动 nuclear material accountancy 【hécáiliào héngsuàn huódòng】 The practice of nuclear material 设施运行者和国家核材料衡算和控 accounting as implemented by the facility operator and the State system of 制系统所采取的衡算核材料的行 accounting for and control of nuclear 动,尤其是为满足 IAEA 和该国(或 material (SSAC), inter alia, to satisfy the

30 国家集团)之间的保障监督协议的 requirements in the safeguards agree- ment between the IAEA and the State 要求,也包括 IAEA 所采取的类似 (or group of States); and as implement- 行动,尤其是为独立核查国家核材 ed by the IAEA, inter alia, to indepen- 料衡算和控制系统(SSAC)向 IAEA dently verify the correctness of the 所提供的设施纪录和报告中核材料 nuclear material accounting information in the facility records and the reports 汉 衡算信息的正确性。(源自:参考文献 provided by the SSAC to the IAEA. 英 [4],6.2) (From: Reference [4], 6.2) 核材料监视【hécáiliào jiānshì】 surveillance of nuclear material 核材料末期存量 ending inventory of nuclear 【hécáiliào mòqī cúnliàng】 material 核材料平衡区【hécáiliào pínghéngqū】 material balance area (MBA) 核材料实体保护 physical-protection for nuclear 【hécáiliào shítǐ bǎohù】 material Establishing a security protection 对存有核材料的建筑物和车辆(涉 system for extant buildings and vehicles 及储存和运输过程)等建立安全防 (relating to storage or transportation 范系统,以实施对核材料的保障监 processes) with nuclear material, so as to safeguard nuclear material. (From: 督。(源自:参考文献[2],p186) Reference [2], p186) 核材料实体保护等级 physical-protection levels of 【hécáiliào shítǐ bǎohù děngjí】 nuclear material 核材料实体保护授权 physical-protection authori- 【hécáiliào shítǐ bǎohù shòuquán】 zation of nuclear material 核材料实体(物)保护公约 Convention on Physical 【hécáiliào shítǐwù bǎohù gōngyuē】 Protection for Nuclear Material 该公约以促进《不扩散核武器条约》 The convention signed to promote the peaceful purpose of developing and 的各缔约国和平发展和利用核能为 using nuclear energy among every 目的,并加强各国对核材料使用、 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty State Party, to strengthen the protection of 储存和运输的保护,防止核材料的 nuclear material usage, storage and 非法获取及使用而可能造成的危 transportation, and to prevent the 险。公约于 1980 年 3 月签署。2005 possible dangers caused by illegally obtaining and using nuclear material. It 年 7 月通过了旨在进一步加强核设 was signed on 3 March, 1980. In July

31 施与核材料保护的公约修订案并签 2005, the amended version of the convention that aims to further 署了新公约。新公约采纳了中国提 strengthen the protection of nuclear 交的支持国际社会加强对核设施保 material and facilities was adopted and the new convention was signed. The 护的努力、反对以任何形式对其他 new convention accepted the 国家和平核设施动用武力或进行武 amendment submitted by China which 力威胁的修订案。新公约还首次明 declared its support for the effort of the 汉 International community to strengthen 英 确规定,缔约国要在保护核材料安 the protection of nuclear facilities, and 全、防范核恐怖主义方面进一步加 opposed any form of force or threat of 强国际合作。(源自:参考文献[52]) force to any States’ peaceful nuclear facility. It also prescribes for the first time that any State Party should further strengthen international cooperation on protecting the safety of nuclear material and preventing nuclear terrorism. (From: Reference[52]) 核材料实物盘存 physical inventory-taking of 【hécáiliào shíwù páncún】 nuclear material 为确定核材料实物存量而采取的行 The activities carried out to determine physical inventory. (Modified from: Reference 动。(改自:参考文献[15],para113;[4], [15], para113; [4], 6.41) 6.41) 核材料现有库存 existing stock of nuclear 【hécáiliào xiànyǒu kùcún】 material 核材料意外事件 nuclear material incident 【hécáiliào yìwài shìjiàn】 核材料转化时间 conversion time of nuclear 【hécáiliào zhuǎnhuà shíjiān】 material 核材料转用 diversion of nuclear material 【hécáiliào zhuǎnyòng】 核查【héchá】 verification In the arms control field, it refers to the 在军控中是指确认缔约国是否遵守 process of establishing whether state 协议条款的过程。它必须监测各缔 parties are complying with the provision 约国有关条约承诺的活动,分析从 of an agreement. It entails monitoring

32 监测收集的信息,并确定各缔约国 the activities of the parties relevant to their treaty commitments, analysing the 是否遵守其对条约承诺的义务。 information collected from monitoring, (改自:参考文献[19],p237) and determining whether the parties are complying with their agreement obliga- tions. (Modified from: Reference [19], p237) 汉 核出口控制【héchūkǒu kòngzhì】 nuclear export control 英 对核材料、核设备和反应堆用非核 Control of commercial export, gifts to and exhibitions in foreign countries or 材料等物项及其相关技术的贸易性 regions, as well as scientific and 出口及对外赠送、展览、科技合作 technological cooperation with and 和援助进行控制。(改自:参考文献[25]) assistance to foreign countries or regions that involve nuclear materials, nuclear equipment, non-nuclear mater- ials used for reactors and other items as well as their related technologies. (Modified from: Reference [25]) 核打击【hédǎjī】 nuclear strike 核打击目标【hédǎjī mùbiāo】 target of nuclear strike 核弹头再入遥测 reentry telemetry for nuclear 【hédàntóu zàirù yáocè】 reentry vehicle 核导弹弹头【hédǎodàn dàntóu】 nuclear missile reentry vehicle 1 A missile reentry vehicle equipped 1 装有核战斗部的导弹再入飞行器。 with a nuclear warhead. (From: Reference (源自:参考文献[3],p96) [3], p96) 2 再入飞行器⎯⎯设计为再入地球 2 reentry vehicle (RV)——The part of a 大气层的空间飞行器部件。(源自: space vehicle designed to re-enter the earth’s atmosphere. (From: Reference [9], 参考文献[9],p456) p456) 3 再入飞行器(或(再入)弹头)——在 3 reentry vehicle (RV) — — A nuclear 导弹的弹道终端能再入地球大气层 warhead on a ballistic missile specially designed to reenter the earth's atmos- 的弹道导弹上的核战斗部。(源自: phere in the terminal portion of the 参考文献[8]) missile's trajectory. (From: Reference [8]) 注:“再入飞行器”的一种非常用 Note: The term “reentry body” is the

33 名称是“再入体”。 less-common equivalent of “reentry vehicle”. 核导弹的戒备率 alert rate of nuclear missiles 【hédǎodàn de jièbèilǜ】 The percentage of those missiles that 处于各种戒备状态并能在规定发射 are on various stages of alert and can 准备时间内实施作战发射的导弹数 launch in stipulated preparatory times in relation to the entire arsenal of deploy- 汉 占部署导弹总数的百分比。(改自: ed missiles. (Modified from: Reference [2], p49) 参考文献[2],p49) 英 核导弹的突防装置 penetration aids of nuclear 【hédǎodàn de tūfáng zhuāngzhì】 missiles 核导弹反应时间 response time of nuclear 【hédǎodàn fǎnyìng shíjiān】 missiles The time elapsed from receiving launch 核导弹从接到发射命令到导弹起飞 orders to the launch of nuclear missiles. 所需的时间。(源自:参考文献[2],p50) (From: Reference [2], p50) 核导弹可靠性【hédǎodàn kěkàoxìng】 reliability of nuclear missiles 核导弹射程【hédǎodàn shèchéng】 range of nuclear missiles 核导弹投掷重量 throw weight of nuclear missile 【hédǎodàn tóuzhì zhòngliàng】 核电厂废物【hédiànchǎng fèiwù】 waste from nuclear power plant 核电磁脉冲【hédiàncí màichōng】 nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP) 核电磁脉冲的传播 propagation of nuclear 【hédiàncímàichōng de chuánbō】 electromagnetic pulse 核电磁脉冲的防护 protection from nuclear 【hédiàncí màichōng de fánghù】 electromagnetic pulse 核冬天【hédōngtiān】 nuclear winter 核讹诈【hé’ézhà】 nuclear blackmail 核反击【héfǎnjī】 nuclear counterattack 核反应【héfǎnyìng】 nuclear reaction 核供应国集团【hégōngyìngguó jítuán】 Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) A group of nuclear supplier countries 通过执行核(和涉及核)出口准则而 which seeks to contribute to the

34 non-proliferation of nuclear weapons 防止核武器扩散的核供应国家。各 through the implementation of Guide- 参与国通过其国家法律和惯例来执 lines for nuclear exports and nuclear 行核供应国集团的准则。出口申请 related exports. The NSG Guidelines are implemented by each Participating 由国家层面决定,并符合国家出口 Government in accordance with its 许可规定。(源自:参考文献[47]) national laws and practices. Decisions 汉 on export applications are taken at the national level in accordance with 英 national export licensing requirements. (From: Reference [47]) 核供应国集团准则 Nuclear Suppliers Group 【hégōngyìngguó jítuán zhǔnzé】 Guidelines 核黑匣子【hé hēixiázi】 nuclear football A popular name of a portable briefcase 装有总统用来授权使用战略核武器 or package that contains instructions 的指令和密码的便携手提箱或手提 and codes for the president to authorize the use of strategic nuclear 包的俗称。(改自:参考文献[2],p203) weapons. (Modified from: Reference[2], p203) 核裂变【hélièbiàn】 nuclear fission 核门槛国家【héménkǎn guójiā】 nuclear threshold state (NTS) 核能级【hénéngjí】 nuclear energy level 核炮弹【hépàodàn】 nuclear artillery projectile 核燃料【héránliào】 nuclear fuel 核燃料后处理【héránliào hòuchǔlǐ】 nuclear fuel reprocessing 核燃料循环【héránliào xúnhuán】 nuclear fuel cycle A system of nuclear installations and 由与核材料物流相关的核设施及核 activities interconnected by streams of 活动组成的系统。从由国外提供带 nuclear material. The characteristics of 燃料的单个反应堆,到一整套完善 the fuel cycle may vary widely from 系统,不同国家之间燃料循环的特 State to State, from a single reactor 点可能存在很大差异。(源自:参考文 supplied from abroad with fuel, to a fully 献[4],4.30) developed system. (From: Reference[4], 4.30) 核燃料循环废物 waste from nuclear fuel cycle 【héránliào xúnhuán fèiwù】

35 核深水炸弹【hé shēnshuǐ zhàdàn】 nuclear depth bomb 核试验【héshìyàn】 nuclear test 核试验测试技术 measurement technology of 【héshìyàn cèshì jìshù】 nuclear test 核试验场【héshìyànchǎng】 nuclear test site 核试验的物理诊断测量 physical diagnostic 汉 【héshìyàn de wùlǐzhěnduàn cèliáng】 measurement in nuclear test 英 核试验的诊断和测量 diagnostic and measurement of 【héshìyàn de zhěnduàn hé cèliáng】 nuclear test 核试验放射化学诊断 radiochemical diagnostic of 【héshìyàn fàngshèhuàxué zhěnduàn】 nuclear test 核衰变【héshuāibiàn】 nuclear decay 核素【hésù】 nuclide 核损耗【hésǔnhào】 nuclear loss Loss of nuclear material due to its 指由于核反应使核材料转变成其他 transformation into other element(s) or 元素或同位素而造成的核材料损 isotope(s) as a result of nuclear 耗。核损耗还包括核材料在反应堆 reactions. Nuclear loss also includes 中燃烧所造成的损耗以及存储期间 burn up of nuclear material in a reactor 衰变所造成的损耗(例如钚-241 的 and decay (e.g. of Pu-241) during 衰变)。(源自:参考文献[4],6.22) storage. (From: Reference [4], 6.22) 核威慑【héwēishè】 nuclear deterrence 以给觉察到的或潜在的敌人造成无 A strategy of preventing a nuclear attack by threatening the perceived or 法承受的毁伤的核报复相威胁,从 potential enemy with unacceptable 而防止敌人实施核打击的战略。(源 damage by nuclear retaliation. (From: 自:参考文献[6],p177) Reference [6], p177) 注:原则上,核威慑不仅仅可以用 Note: In principle, nuclear deterrence could be used to deter not only nuclear 来阻止核攻击,而且也可以用来阻 attacks but also attacks with 止常规力量、化学或生物武器的攻 conventional forces, attacks with 击,甚至用来阻止由非军事手段使 chemical or biological weapons, or even assaults on vital national interests by 至关重要的国家利益遭受损害的攻 nonmilitary means. (From: Reference [7], 击。 (源自:参考文献[7],p14-15) p14-15)

36 核威胁【héwēixié】 nuclear threat 核武库维护与管理计划 Stockpile Stewardship and 【héwǔkù wéihù yǔ guǎnlǐ jìhuà】 Management Program 核武器【héwǔqì】 nuclear weapon 1 Weapon assembly that is capable of 1 利用能自持进行的原子核裂变和 producing an explosion and massive 汉 (或)聚变反应瞬时释放的巨大能 injury and destruction by the sudden 量,产生爆炸作用,并具有大规模 release of energy instantaneously 英 released from self-sustaining nuclear 毁伤破坏效应的武器。从广义上说 fission and/or fusion. From the 它是指包括投掷或发射系统在内的 generalized point of view, it refers to nuclear weapon system with a 具有作战能力的核武器系统。(改自: warfighting capability including the 参考文献[3],p394) delivery or launch system. (Modified from: Reference [3], p394) 2 北约 定 义⎯⎯ 根 据 预期 设 计 构 2 NATO definition — A complete 造,在完成指定的引爆控制序列后, assembly (i.e. implosion type, gun type or thermonuclear type) in its intended 能够产生预期的核反应并释放出核 ultimate configuration which, upon 能的完整装置(如内爆型、枪型或热 completion of the prescribed arming, fusing and firing sequence, is capable 核型)。也被称为“原子武器”。(源 of producing the intended nuclear 自:参考文献[49],p11) reaction and release of energy. Also called “atomic weapon”. (From: Reference [49], p11) 3 俄罗斯定义——俄罗斯联邦军队 3 Russian definition — Nuclear Weapons in the Armed Forces of the 的核武器是指包括核装料、核战斗 Russian Federation include an 部、运载工具和控制系统在内的武 aggregate of armaments including 器系统。(源自:参考文献[29],p21) nuclear charges, nuclear ammunition, means of their delivery to the target and control means. (From: Reference [29], p21) 4 使原子核产生裂变或聚变链式反 4 A device that releases nuclear energy in an explosive manner as the result of 应(或兼而有之),以爆炸方式释放 nuclear chain reactions involving the 核能的装置。(源自:参考文献[8]) fission or fusion, or both, of atomic nuclei. (From: Reference [8])

37 核武器安全性【héwǔqì ānquánxìng】 nuclear weapon safety In maintenance and use of nuclear 在正常的维护或使用核武器中,防 weapons, the capability to avoid an 止因设备或武器的误操作、逐步退 accident involving personnel, facilities 化或意外故障等原因发生人员、设 and installations due to misuse or from 备和设施的事故的能力。(改自:参 gradual deterioration or a sudden fault in equipment or weapons. (Modified from: 考文献[2],p217) Reference [2], p217) 汉 核武器保安性【héwǔqì bǎo’ānxìng】 nuclear weapon security 英 The capability of a nuclear weapon and 核武器及其相关的设备和人员能抵 its surrounding equipment and person- 制任何非授权的使用的能力。(改自: nel to prevent any unauthorized use. 参考文献[2],p217) (Modified from: Reference [2], p217) 核武器保险装置 safing device of nuclear 【héwǔqì bǎoxiǎn zhuāngzhì】 weapon 参见“密码锁(亦称启动连接装置)” Refer to “permissive action link (PAL)” 核武器触发引信 contact fuze of nuclear weapon 【héwǔqì chùfā yǐnxìn】 核武器的防护 protection of nuclear weapon 【héwǔqì de fánghù】 核武器的延寿与退役 lifetime extension and 【héwǔqì de yánshòu yǔ tuìyì】 decommissioning of nuclear weapon 核武器地面测控设备 equipment for ground test and 【héwǔqì dìmiàn cèkòng shèbèi】 monitoring of nuclear weapon 核武器工程设计 engineering design of nuclear 【héwǔqì gōngchéng shèjì】 weapon 核武器惯性引信 inertia fuze of nuclear weapon 【héwǔqì guànxìng yǐnxìn】 核武器国家【héwǔqì guójiā】 nuclear weapon state (NWS) 核武器环境模拟试验 environmental simulation test 【héwǔqì huánjìng mónǐ shìyàn】 of nuclear weapon 核武器解保【héwǔqì jiěbǎo】 arming nuclear weapon 核武器可靠性【héwǔqì kěkàoxìng】 reliability of nuclear weapon Throughout the nuclear weapon’s 核武器在使用寿命期间,在规定的

38 正常环境条件下,以设计性能指标 lifetime, the capability to achieve the nuclear explosion within the designed 实现核爆炸的能力。(改自:参考文献, performance under the defined normal [2] p221) environment. (Modified from: Reference [2], p221) 注 1:在核武器的整个设计寿命期 Note 1: The probability of achieving the specified yield, at the target, across the 汉 间,经受从库存至打击目标的各种 Stockpile-To-Target Sequence of 英 外部环境,在正确输入指令后,能 environments, throughout the weapon’s 在打击目标上实现指定威力的概 lifetime, assuming proper inputs. In this 率。在此定义中,“指定威力”通 definition, the specified yield is generally understood to mean within ten 常被理解成与设计威力相差 10%以 percent; the Stockpile-To-Target 内的意思;“从库存至打击目标的环 Sequence of environments is the range 境”指核弹头在其服役期内的储存、 of conditions the warhead is expected 转运和使用过程中会经历的外部环 to experience in its service life in 境,如极端温度、核导弹防御拦截 storage, transit, or use, such as temperature extremes, radiation from 器的辐射、过载;“寿命”指在设 any nuclear-armed missile defense 计时指定的初始寿命目标;“正确 interceptors, and acceleration; lifetime 输入”指引爆控制信号。(源自:参 is the “original lifetime objective as 考文献[10],p8) specified at the time of design”; and proper inputs are arming, fuzing, and firing signals. (From: Reference[10], p8.) 注 2:圣地亚国家实验室的定义中, Note 2: In this definition by Sandia National Laboratories, “weapon” has “武器”有“核弹头”的意思;如 the meaning of “warhead”; if “weapon” 果“武器”有包含导弹或飞行器的 had the meaning of “weapon system” “武器系统”的意思,那么可靠性 including the missile or aircraft, the 将更低。 reliability would be much lower. 核武器可维修性 maintainability of nuclear 【héwǔqì kěwéixiūxìng】 weapon 核武器库存【héwǔqì kùcún】 nuclear weapons stockpile 核武器雷达引信【héwǔqì léidá yǐnxìn】 radar fuze of nuclear weapon 核武器路程长度引信 path-length fuze of nuclear 【héwǔqì lùchéng chángdù yǐnxìn】 weapon

39 核武器气压引信【héwǔqì qìyā yǐnxìn】 atmospheric-pressure fuze of nuclear weapon 核武器确信性 nuclear weapons surety 【héwǔqì quèxìnxìng】 The materiel, personnel, and 使用能提高核武器安全性、保安性、 procedures that contribute to the safety, 可靠性和可控性的材料、人员和程 security, reliability, and control of 序,以确保核武器在使用过程中不 nuclear weapons, thus assuring no 汉 发生核事故、故障、非授权使用或 nuclear accidents, incidents, unau- 英 功能退化。 (源自:参考文献[60]) thorized use, or degradation in performance. (From: Reference [60]) 核武器生存能力 survivability of nuclear weapon 【héwǔqì shēngcún nénglì】 Capability for nuclear weapons on 一方的现役核武器在对方进行第一 active service to remain intact after 次核打击后保持完好的能力。(源自: another country launches a first nuclear strike. (From: Reference [2], p222) 参考文献[2],p222) 核武器事故【héwǔqì shìgù】 nuclear weapon accidents 核武器寿命【héwǔqì shòumìng】 lifespan of nuclear weapon The whole period of a nuclear weapon’s 核武器从出厂到无法满足技术性能 life, beginning from when it was 指标和作战使用要求的整个过程的 produced until when it could no longer 期限。(改自:参考文献[2],p222) fulfill technical performance criteria or meet operational requirements. (Modified from: Reference [2], p222) 核武器投射【héwǔqì tóushè】 projection of nuclear weapon 核武器突防能力 penetration ability of nuclear 【héwǔqì tūfáng nénglì】 weapon 核武器物理【héwǔqì wùlǐ】 nuclear weapon physics 核武器小型化【héwǔqì xiǎoxínghuà】 nuclear weapon miniaturization 核武器遥测系统 telemetry system for nuclear 【héwǔqì yáocè xìtǒng】 weapon 核武器一点安全 one-point safety of a nuclear 【héwǔqì yīdiǎn ānquán】 weapon Safety performance of a nuclear 核武器在异常环境(撞击或枪击)下

40 武器中炸药任何一点起爆时所具有 weapon when any one point of the high explosive is detonated in abnormal 的安全性能。美国军用标准为:在 situations (by impact, projectile, etc). 任何事故中,炸药任何一点起爆时 The U.S. military standard is that the 所产生的裂变能在 1.8 千克梯恩梯 probability of releasing more than 1.8 kg TNT equivalent fission energy when any 当量以上的概率小于百万分之一。 point of the explosive is ignited is less 汉 (改自:参考文献[2],p223) than one per million in any accident. (Modified from: Reference [2], p223) 英 核武器引爆【héwǔqì yǐnbào】 firing the nuclear weapon 核武器引信【héwǔqì yǐnxìn】 fuze of nuclear weapon 核武器用中子发生器 neutron generator used in 【héwǔqìyòng zhōngzǐ fāshēngqì】 nuclear weapon 核武器运用的运筹分析 operations research and 【héwǔqì yùnyòng de yùnchóu fēnxī】 analysis of nuclear weapon employment 核武器战术技术性能 operational characteristics of 【héwǔqì zhànshù jìshù xìngnéng】 nuclear weapon 核武器制胜论【héwǔqì zhìshènglùn】 theory of victory decided by nuclear weapons 核武器贮存环境 storage environment of nuclear 【héwǔqì zhùcún huánjìng】 weapon 核武器贮存期【héwǔqì zhùcúnqī】 storage life of nuclear weapon 核武器贮存与保管 storage and custody of nuclear 【héwǔqì zhùcún yǔ bǎoguǎn】 weapon 核武器装订爆高 preset burst height of nuclear 【héwǔqì zhuāngdìng bàogāo】 weapon 核武器装订爆深 preset burst depth of nuclear 【héwǔqì zhuāngdìng bàoshēn】 weapon 核武器自毁装置 self-destruct device of nuclear 【héwǔqì zìhuǐ zhuāngzhì】 weapon 核武器自相摧毁效应 fratricidal effect of nuclear 【héwǔqì zìxiāng cuīhuǐ xiàoyìng】 weapon 核武器总体设计 overall design of nuclear 【héwǔqì zǒngtǐ shèjì】 weapon

41 核武装力量【héwǔzhuāng lìliàng】 nuclear forces 核物质【héwùzhì】 nuclear matter 核相关两用物项 nuclear-related dual-use item 【hé xiāngguān liǎngyòng wùxiàng】 An item which has a technical use in 指一种在核和非核领域都有技术用 both nuclear and non-nuclear appli- 途的物项,提供这种物项时要遵守 cations, and may be subject to certain conditions of supply because such 汉 一定条件,因为这种物项可能为核 items could make a major contribution 英 爆炸活动提供很大的帮助。(改自: to a nuclear explosive activity. (Modified 参考文献[4],5.34) from: Reference [4], 5.34) 核学说【héxuéshuō】 nuclear doctrine The fundamental principles governing 为支持国家战略目标而规定在何种 the conditions under which and the 情形下以何种方式使用核武器的基 modalities of how nuclear weapons are 本原则。(改自:参考文献[9]) to be used in support of national object- tives. (Modified from: Reference [9]) 核优势【héyōushì】 nuclear primacy The condition whereby one state holds 一个核国家的核武器拥有明显的质 a clear qualitative and quantitative 量和数量上的优势足以阻止或摧毁 ability to prevent or render ineffective a 对手的报复性(第二次)打击能力的 rival's retaliatory (second) strike 状态。(改自:参考文献[22]) capability. (Modified from: Reference [22]) Note: In another view, “The ability to 注:另一种观点是,“摧毁对手所 destroy all of an adversary's nuclear 有核力量、消除报复性打击可能性 forces, eliminating the possibility of a 的能力,被认为是一种第一次打击 retaliatory strike, is known as a first- strike capability, or nuclear primacy.” 能力或核优势” (源自: 。 参考文献[22]) (From: Reference [22]) 核炸弹【hézhàdàn】 nuclear bomb 核战斗部【hézhàndòubù】 nuclear warhead The part of a nuclear weapon whose 核武器中用来毁伤目标的部分。主 function is to destroy or damage 要由核爆炸装置、引爆控制系统、 targets. It mainly consists of a nuclear 其他功能部件和相应的结构部件等 explosive device, arming, fuzing and firing system,and other functional parts 组成。在中国军备控制领域常把核 or relevant structures. In Chinese

42 writings in the arms control field, the 战斗部称为核弹头。(改自:参考文献 nuclear warhead is often called [3],p404) 【hédàntóu 】(核弹头 ). (Modified from: Reference [3], p404) 注:战斗部⎯⎯导弹、炮弹、鱼雷、 Note: The warhead is the part of a missile, projectile, torpedo, rocket, or 火箭或其他武器的毁伤目标的部 other munition which contains either the 汉 分,它含有核或热核系统、高能炸 nuclear or thermonuclear system, high 英 explosive system, chemical or biological 药系统、生物或化学制剂、或惰性 agents or inert materials intended to 材料。(源自:参考文献[5],p15) inflict damage. (From: Reference [5], p15) 核战略【hézhànlüè】 nuclear strategy 筹划和指导核力量发展与运用的方 Strategy of planning and guiding the development and employment of 略。(源自:参考文献[1],p112) nuclear force. (From: Reference [1], p112) 核战能力【hézhàn nénglì】 nuclear warfighting capability In nuclear strategy, having the capability 在核战略中,具有使用核武器进行 to use nuclear weapons to fight a war, 战争的能力,而不仅限于慑止核战 and not just to deter the outbreak of 争爆发的能力。(改自:参考文献[48]) nuclear war. (Modified from: Reference [48]) 核战役【hézhànyì】 nuclear campaign A series of related military operations 在一定时间和区域内为实现战役或 using nuclear weapons aimed at 战略目标所采取的一系列使用核武 accomplishing a strategic or operational 器的相关军事行动。(改自:参考文献 objective within a given time and space. [9],p76) (Modified from: Reference [9], p76) 核战争【hézhànzhēng】 nuclear war 核子【hézǐ】 nucleon 核钻地弹【hézuāndìdàn】 nuclear earth penetrator 核作战计划【hézuòzhàn jìhuà】 nuclear operation plan 衡算记录【héngsuàn jìlù】 accounting records 红外遥感器【hóngwài yáogǎnqì】 infrared remote sensor 后处理【hòuchǔlǐ】 reprocessing

43 后处理厂【hòuchǔlǐ chǎng】 reprocessing plant 环境取样【huánjìng qǔyàng】 environmental sampling In the context of IAEA safeguards, the 在 IAEA 保障监督框架内,从环境 collection of samples from the environ- 中取样,并通过对样品的分析获取 ment with a view to analyzing them for 相关痕迹以揭示所处理的核材料或 traces of materials that can reveal 进行的活动的信息。(源自:参考文献 information about nuclear material 汉 handled or activities conducted. (From: [4],9.1) 英 Reference [4], 9.1) 缓和【huǎnhé】 detente 换文【huànwén】 exchange of notes 黄饼【huángbǐng】 yellow cake A concentrate produced during the 铀水冶过程中的中间产物,含有大 uranium milling process that contains 约 80%带着少量铀酰盐的八氧化三 about 80% U3O8 with small amounts of 铀(U3O8)。用于铀浓缩的黄饼被转 uranyl salts. In preparation for uranium enrichment, the yellowcake is converted 化成六氟化铀气体(UF6),用于天然 to uranium hexafluoride gas (UF6). In 铀反应堆燃料的黄饼被加工成纯净 the preparation of natural uranium 的二氧化铀。(源自:参考文献[12]) reactor fuel, yellowcake is processed into purified uranium dioxide. (From: Reference [12]) 毁伤概率【huǐshāng gàilǜ】 kill probability 毁伤软目标能力 capability of destroying soft 【huǐshāng ruǎnmùbiāo nénglì】 target 毁伤硬目标能力 capability of destroying 【huǐshāng yìngmùbiāo nénglì】 hardened target 混合氧化物【hùnhé yǎnghuàwù】 mixed oxide (MOX) 混合样品【hùnhé yàngpǐn】 composite sample 机动导弹【jīdòng dǎodàn】 mobile missile 机动再入弹头【jīdòng zàirù dàntóu】 maneuverable reentry vehicle (MaRV) 积极防御【jījí fángyù】 active defense Note 1: Term used to describe China’s

44 注 1:用以描述中国军事战略的术 military strategy. It includes the following main elements: firstly, taking a 语。它主要包括以下三方面的内容: firm stand of self-defense and gaining 一是坚持自卫立场和实行后发制 mastery by striking only after the enemy 人;二是以积极主动的军事准备和 has struck; secondly, using active military preparations and political 政治斗争防止战争;三是一旦战争 struggle to prevent war; thirdly, should 汉 爆发,以积极的反击和进攻作战达 war break out, using active counter- attack and offensive operations to 英 成战略防御目的。 (改自:参考文献 achieve strategic defensive objectives. [31],p124-125) (Modified from: Reference [31], p124-125) 注 2:在美国,“积极防御”指采 Note 2: In the U.S., “active defense” is the employment of limited offensive 取有限的攻击及反击以防止敌方占 action and counterattacks to deny a 领竞争中的区域或地点。(源自:参 contested area or position to the enemy. 考文献[9],p4) (From: Reference [9], p4) 注 3:在导弹防御领域,“积极防 Note 3: In the context of missile defense, “active defense” means the 御”指拦截并摧毁导弹或其弹头; interception and destruction of missiles “消极防御”指主要通过使用爆炸 or their warheads; “passive defense” is 掩体和食物存储等来抵御弹头的效 protection against the effects of the warheads primarily by the use of blast 用。(改自:参考文献[62]) shelters, stockpiling of food, etc. (Modified from: Reference [62]) 基准数据视察【jīzhǔn shùjù shìchá】 baseline data inspection 激光等离子体离子萃取 laser plasma ion extraction 【jīguāng děnglízǐtǐlízǐ cuìqǔ】 激光分离同位素 laser isotope separation 【jīguāng fēnlí tóngwèisù】 激光化学法分离同位素 laser chemical isotope 【jīguāng huàxuéfǎ fēnlí tóngwèisù】 separation 级联【jílián】 cascade 级联理论【jílián lǐlùn】 theory of cascade 级联效率【jílián xiàolǜ】 efficiency of cascade 集体安全【jítǐ ānquán】 collective security

45 多国通过有组织的集体行动来预防 An approach to prevent and curb aggre- ssion and maintain security for countri- 和制止侵略,保护各国安全的一种 es through the organized collective 方式。(源自:参考文献[1],p23) action of multiple countries. (From: Reference [1], p23) 集体辐照剂量【jítǐ fúzhào jìliàng】 collective radiation dose 技术防护系统的多样性 diversity of technical protection 汉 【jìshù fánghù xìtǒng de duōyàngxìng】 systems 英 技术防护系统的多重性 multiplicity of technical 【jìshù fánghù xìtǒng protection system de duōchóngxìng】 技术特性展示和视察 technical characteristics 【jìshù tèxìng zhǎnshì hé shìchá】 exhibition and inspection 加固目标【jiāgù mùbiāo】 hardened target 加速战略计算倡议 Accelerated Strategic 【jiāsù zhànlüè jìsuàn chàngyì】 Computing Initiative (ASCI) Note: The program has been changed 注:现已改为“先进模拟与计算计 to Advanced Simulation and Computing 划”。(源自:参考文献[37]) Program (ASC). (From: Reference [37]) 价值函数【jiàzhí hánshù】 value function 监测【jiāncè】 monitoring The means by which information is 为核查获取信息的途径。(源自:参 obtained for verification purposes. 考文献[16]) (From: Reference [16]) 减威力核试验【jiǎnwēilì héshìyàn】 reduced yield nuclear test 建立信任与安全措施 Confidence and Security 【jiànlì xìnrèn yǔ ānquán cuòshī】 Building Measures (CSBMs) 舰船用动力反应堆 marine propulsion reactor 【jiànchuányòng dònglì fǎnyìngduī】 校准【jiàozhǔn】 calibration 结合能【jiéhé’néng】 binding energy 解除豁免【jiěchú huòmiǎn 】 de-exemption 解耦的地下核爆炸 decoupled underground 【jiě’ǒu de dìxià hébàozhà】 nuclear explosion

46 金属钚【jīnshǔbù】 metallic plutonium 金属燃料【jīnshǔ ránliào】 metallic fuel 金属铀【jīnshǔyóu】 metallic uranium 近区物理诊断【jìnqū wùlǐ zhěnduàn】 near-field physical diagnostic 直接测量核爆炸过程中伴随着核反 To judge nuclear weapons’ perform- ance parameters by directly measuring 应放出的中子、γ射线、X 射线,以 汉 neutrons, γ-rays, and X-rays released 判断核武器性能参数。(改自:参考文 英 from the nuclear reactions. (Modified from: 献[3],p391) Reference [3], p391) 进攻性战略【jìngōngxìng zhànlüè】 offensive strategy 为接近并摧毁敌方军事力量以及夺 A strategy that aims to carry military operations to the enemy by closing with 取疆土和重要资源而对敌方采取的 and destroying enemy forces, seizing 军事行动。它致力于抢占、保持和 territory and vital resources. Its focus is 发挥主动权。 (源自:参考文献[61], on seizing, retaining, and exploiting the p3-27) initiative. (From: Reference [61], p3-27) 禁止【jìnzhǐ】 ban 禁止生产易裂变材料核查 verification of the fissile 【jìnzhǐ shēngchǎn yìlièbiàn cáiliào material production cutoff héchá】 禁止为核武器生产易裂变材料 prohibition of the production of 【jìnzhǐ wèi héwǔqì shēngchǎn fissile material for nuclear yìlièbiàn cáiliào】 weapon 禁止在大气层、外层空间和水下进 Treaty Banning Nuclear 行核武器试验条约 Weapon Tests in the 【jìnzhǐ zài dàqìcéng wàicéng kōngjiān Atmosphere, in Outer Space hé shuǐxià jìnxíng héwǔqì shìyàn and Under Water (PTBT) tiáoyuē】 经典超级模型 classical super design 【jīngdiǎn chāojí móxíng】 旧核三位一体【jiù hé sānweìyītǐ】 old nuclear triad The three legs of the U.S. strategic 美国战略核力量的三个支柱:潜射 nuclear force: submarine-launched 弹道导弹(SLBMs);陆基洲际弹道 ballistic missiles (SLBMs), land based 导弹(ICBMs);远程轰炸机。(源自: intercontinental ballistic missiles 参考文献[72]) (ICBMs) and long-range bombers. (From:

47 参见“新战略三位一体” Reference [72]) Refer to “new strategic triad” 局部战争【júbù zhànzhēng】 local war 聚变反应【jùbiàn fǎnyìng】 fusion reaction 聚变燃料【jùbiàn ránliào】 fuel of fusion 聚变威力【jùbiàn wēilì】 fusion yield 汉 军备竞赛稳定性 arms race stability 英 【jūnbèi jìngsài wěndìngxìng】 军备控制【jūnbèi kòngzhì】 arms control 军事变革【jūnshì biàngé】 revolution in military affairs (RMA) 将先进的技术和武器系统,与创新 Fundamental reforms that thoroughly 的军事学说和组织体制结合在一 change the characteristics and patterns of military operations so as to greatly 起,使军事作战的特点和方式发生 enhance operational effectiveness of 根本性的变化,军队的作战效能达 the military through advanced technology and weapons systems 到极大提高的根本性改革。(改自: combined with innovative military 参考文献[1],p47) doctrines and organizational mechani- sms. (Modified from: Reference [1], p47) 军事稳定性【jūnshì wěndìngxìng】 military stability 开放天空条约 Open Skies Treaty 【kāifàng tiānkōng tiáoyuē】 抗干扰【kàng gānrǎo】 tamper resistance 抗核加固【kànghé jiāgù】 nuclear hardening 科尔太克斯法【kē’ěrtàikèsī fǎ】 CORRTEX (continuous ( 连续反射法测量半径随时间变化 reflectometry for radius vs time 的实验) experiment) 可裂变材料【kělièbiàn cáiliào】 fissionable material In general, an isotope or a mixture of 一般而言,指能产生核裂变的一种 isotopes capable of nuclear fission. 同位素或同位素混合物。有些可裂 Some fissionable materials are capable 变材料只有在足够快的中子(如动 of fission only by sufficiently fast 能超过 1 MeV 的中子)作用下才能 neutrons (e.g. neutrons of a kinetic

48 发生裂变。在所有能量的中子包括 energy above 1 MeV). Isotopes that undergo fission by neutrons of all 慢(热)中子作用下都可以发生裂变 energies, including slow (thermal) 的同位素通常称之为易裂变材料或 neutrons, are usually referred to as 易裂变同位素。例如,同位素 铀 fissile materials or fissile isotopes. For -233,铀-235,钚-239,钚-241 既被 example, isotopes U-233, U-235, Pu-239 and Pu-241 are referred to as 汉 称为可裂变材料又被称为易裂变材 both fissionable and fissile, while U-236 英 料,而铀-238 和钚-240 仅被称为可 and Pu-240 are fissionable but not 裂变材料而不是易裂变材料。(源自: fissile. (From: Reference[4], 4.6) 参考文献[4],4.6) 可区分性展示 distinguishability exhibition 【kěqūfēnxìng zhǎnshì】 可疑场地视察【kěyí chǎngdì shìchá】 suspect-site inspection 可用于武器的材料 weapon-usable material 【kěyòngyú wǔqì de cáiliào】 可转换材料【kězhuǎnhuàn cáiliào】 fertile material Nuclear material that can be converted 通过在一个原子核中俘获一个中子 into a special fissionable material 而能被转化为特种可裂变材料的一 through capture of one neutron per 种核材料。(源自:参考文献[4],4.7) nucleus. (From: Reference [4], 4.7) 空中核爆炸【kōngzhōng hébàozhà】 nuclear airburst 库存核武器可靠性 reliability of stockpile nuclear 【kùcún héwǔqì kěkàoxìng】 weapon 快堆【kuàiduī】 fast reactor 快中子【kuàizhōngzǐ】 fast neutrons 快中子临界装置 fast-neutron criticality facility 【kuàizhōngzǐ línjiè zhuāngzhì】 快中子脉冲堆 fast-neutron pulse reactor 【kuàizhōngzǐ màichōng duī】 亏量【kuīliàng】 defect 扩散分离机组【kuòsàn fēnlí jīzǔ】 diffusion separation unit 扩散分离器【kuòsàn fēnlíqì】 diffuser

49 拉丁美洲和加勒比海禁止核武器 Treaty for the Prohibition of 条约 Nuclear Weapons in Latin 【lādīngměizhōu hé jiālèbǐhǎi America and the Caribbean jìnzhǐ héwǔqì tiáoyuē】 滥用【lànyòng】 misuse 雷道克斯流程【léidàokèsī liúchéng】 redox process 累积辐照剂量【lěijī fúzhào jìliàng】 cumulative radiation dose 汉 冷战【lěngzhàn】 cold war 英 离心分离工厂【líxīn fēnlí gōngchǎng】 centrifuge separation plant 离心机失效率【líxīnjī shīxiàolǜ】 centrifuge failure rate 离心机专用变频电源 variable frequency power for 【líxīnjī zhuānyòng biànpín diànyuán】 special purpose of a centrifuge 离心机转子材料 centrifuge rotor material 【líxīnjī zhuànzǐ cáiliào】 离心机转子动力学 centrifuge rotor dynamics 【líxīnjī zhuànzǐ dònglìxué】 离心机阻尼装置 centrifuge damping device 【líxīnjī zǔní zhuāngzhì】 离子【lízǐ】 ion 锂【lǐ】 lithium 锂同位素分离【lǐ tóngwèisù fēnlí】 lithium isotopes separation 例行视察【lìxíng shìchá】 routine inspection 连续视察【liánxù shìchá】 continuous inspection An inspection regime intended to 为达到保障监督目的,通过察看关 maintain continuity of knowledge con- 键操作、记录测量和运行的数据并 cerning inventory and flow of nuclear 核实这些信息,借以持续地掌握材 material by witnessing key operations, recording measurement and operating 料的库存清单和流向情况的视察机 data, and verifying the information in 制。(源自:参考文献[4],11.12) order to meet the safeguards objec- tives. (From: Reference [4], 11.12) 联大裁军特别会议 Special Session of the General 【liándà cáijūn tèbié huìyì】 Assembly Devoted to Disarmament

50 联大裁军特别会议最后文件 Final Document of the Special 【liándà cáijūn tèbié huìyì Session of the General zuìhòu wénjiàn】 Assembly Devoted to Disarmament 联合国裁军审议委员会 United Nations Disarmament 【liánhéguó cáijūn shěnyì wěiyuánhuì】 Commission (UNDC) 联合国裁军事务部 United Nations Office 汉 【liánhéguó cáijūn shìwùbù】 (Department) for Disarmament 英 Affairs 联合国裁军事务咨询委员会 United Nations Advisory Board 【liánhéguó cáijūn shìwù on Disarmament Affairs zīxún wěiyuánhuì】 联合国裁军研究所 United Nations Institute for 【liánhéguó cáijūn yánjiūsuǒ】 Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) 联合国常规军备委员会 United Nations Commission for 【liánhéguó chángguī Conventional Armaments jūnbèi wěiyuánhuì】 联合国常规武器转让登记册 United Nations Register of 【liánhéguó chángguī wǔqì Conventional Weapons zhuǎnràng dēngjìcè】 联合国大会【liánhéguó dàhuì】 UN General Assembly 联合国大会第一委员会 First Committee of the UN 【liánhéguó dàhuì dìyī wěiyuánhuì】 General Assembly 联合国关于侵略定义的决议 UN resolution concerning the 【liánhéguó guānyú qīnlüè definition of aggression dìngyì de juéyì】 联合国宪章【liánhéguó xiànzhāng】 United Nations Charter 链式反应【liànshì fǎnyìng】 chain reaction 两面下注战略 hedging strategy 【liǎngmiàn xiàzhù zhànlüè】 A balanced approach to foster 尽可能促进和他国合作但也为敌对 cooperation with a nation where possi- 活动做准备的一种均衡做法。改自: ble while also preparing for hostile ( activity. (Modified from: Reference [45]) 参考文献[45])

51 裂变爆炸过早点火 predetonation in fission 【lièbiàn bàozhà guòzǎo diǎnhuǒ】 explosion 裂变产额/裂变威力 fission yield 【lièbiàn chǎn’é lièbiàn wēilì】 裂变武器【lièbiàn wǔqì】 fission weapon 裂变中子【lièbiàn zhōngzǐ】 fission neutrons 汉 临界安全评估【línjiè ānquán pínggū】 criticality safety assessment Analyses and experiments made to 英 为确保核武器用的可裂变材料在生 ensure fissionable materials used for 产、加工、运输及装配过程中均处 nuclear weapons remains in a 于次临界安全状态所进行的实验和 subcritical and safe state during the 分析。(改自:参考文献[2],p40) whole process of production, process- ing, transportation and assembly. (Modified from: Reference [2], p40) 临界装置【línjiè zhuāngzhì】 critical assembly 临时通知视察【línshí tōngzhī shìchá】 short-notice inspection An inspection performed at a facility or a IAEA 对一个国家的一处设施或设 location outside facilities for which less 施外的一处场地进行视察时,提前 advance notice is provided by the IAEA 通报时间比 INFIRCIR/153 协议的 to the State than that provided for under 第 83 段规定的通报时间短的视察。 paragraph 83 of [IAEA INFIRCIR 153]. (源自:参考文献[4],11.7) (From: Reference [4], 11.7) 灵活反应战略 strategy of flexible response 【línghuó fǎnyìng zhànlüè】 零威力实验【língwēilì shíyàn】 zero-yield experiment Refer to “subcritical experiment” 参见“次临界实验” 流体动力学实验 hydrodynamic experiment 【liútǐ dònglìxué shíyàn】 An experiment used to simulate the 为模拟核爆炸内爆过程所进行的实 implosion process of a nuclear 验。它是用代用材料(如铀-238、钨、 explosive. It uses other materials such as U-238, tungsten and steel as 钢等)替代核装置中的裂变材料高 substitute for fissile materials such as 浓铀或钚-239、用高能炸药爆炸压 HEU or Pu-239 in a nuclear device, and 缩该装置的整体或部分结构而进行 uses the high explosive to compress the

52 的一种实验。由于装置中的材料在 whole or partial structure of the device. As the materials are in the liquid state 高能炸药爆炸压缩下处于流体状 under the compression of explosion of 态,因此称此类实验为流体动力学 high explosive, such experiments are 实验。这种实验没有核能释放,实 called hydrodynamic experiments. The 验不一定要在核试验场地进行。(源 experiment releases no nuclear energy 汉 自:参考文献[1],p212-213) and is not required to be conducted at a nuclear test site. (From: Reference [1], 英 p212-213) 流体核实验【liútǐ héshíyàn】 hydronuclear experiment A method for assessing some aspects 一种评估核武器某些安全问题的方 of nuclear weapon safety, first 法,由洛斯·阿拉莫斯国家实验室 conducted at Los Alamos during the (LANL)在 1958 年至 1961 年的暂停 1958-61 moratorium on nuclear testing 核试验期间研究核爆炸“一点安全” to investigate the “one-point” safety of a 时首先使用。该实验在次临界增殖 nuclear explosive. The experiments 装置中或极轻微的超临界状态下进 resulted in subcritical multiplying assemblies or a very slight degree of 行,在某些情况下会释放小于 7 兆 supercriticality and, in some cases, 焦设计限额的裂变能。(改自:参考文 involved a fission energy release less 献[30],p1) than the design limit of 7 megajoules. (Modified from: Reference [30], p1) 六氟化铀【liùfúhuàyóu】 uranium hexafluoride 六氟化铀水解【liùfúhuàyóu shuǐjiě】 uranium hexafluoride hydrolysis 六氟化铀转化 conversion of uranium 【liùfúhuàyóu zhuǎnhuà】 hexafluoride 绿盐【lǜyán】 green salt The popular name of green uranium 绿色的 UF4 晶体,是铀工艺中 UF4 tetrafluoride (UF4) crystal. It is an 的俗称。UF4 是生产核燃料的重要 important mid-point production in the process of producing uranium fuel. It 中间产品,用于制备六氟化铀(UF6) can be used to produce uranium 和金属铀。(源自:参考文献[2],p304) hexafluoride (UF6) and uranium metal. (From: Reference [2], p304) 慢中子【màn zhōngzǐ】 slow neutrons

53 美朝框架协议 Agreed Framework Between 【měi cháo kuàngjià xiéyì】 the United States of American and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 美俄关于进一步削减和限制进攻性 Treaty Between the United 战略武器条约 States of America and the 【měi é guānyú jìnyībù xuējiǎn hé Russian Federation on Further xiànzhì jìngōngxìng zhànlüè wǔqì Reduction and Limitation of 汉 tiáoyuē】 Strategic Offensive Arms (START II) 英 美俄削减进攻性战略武器条约(莫 Treaty Between the United 斯科条约) States of America and the 【měi é xuējiǎn jìngōngxìng zhànlüè Russian Federation On wǔqì tiáoyuē mòsīkē tiáoyuē】 Strategic Offensive Reductions (Moscow/SORT) 美国 1978 年核不扩散法 U.S. Nuclear Non-Proliferation 【měiguó 1978 nián hébùkuòsàn fǎ】 Act of 1978 The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act 核不扩散法声明了美国的政策:(1) declares it United States policy: (1) to 寻求建立核设备、核材料和核技术 pursue the establishment of inter- 的国际控制;(2) 提高美国作为核 national controls of nuclear equipment, 反应堆和核燃料供应国的可靠性; material, and technology, (2) to enhance the reliability of the United (3) 鼓 励 批 准 《 不 扩 散 核 武 器 条 States as a supplier of nuclear reactors 约》;(4) 帮助其他国家核实和调整 and fuels, (3) to encourage ratification 适当的能源生产技术。 (改自:参考 of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and (4) to aid other 文献[35]) nations in identification and adaptation of appropriate energy production technology. (Modified from: Reference [35]) 美苏关于防止核战争协定 Agreement Between the United 【měi sū guānyú fángzhǐ hézhànzhēng States of America and the xiédìng】 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Prevention of Nuclear War 美苏关于减少爆发核战争危险的措 Agreement on Measures to 施的协定 Reduce the Risk of Outbreak of 【měi sū guānyú jiǎnshǎo bàofā Nuclear War Between the hézhànzhēng wēixiǎn de cuòshī de United States of America and xiédìng】 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

54 美苏关于建立减少核危险中心 Agreement Between the United 的协定 States of America and the 【měi sū guānyú jiànlì jiǎnshǎo Union of Soviet Socialist héwēixiǎn zhōngxīn de xiédìng】 Republics on the Establishment of Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers 美苏关于限制反弹道导弹系统条约 Treaty Between the United 汉 (反导条约) States of America and the 【měi sū guānyú xiànzhì fǎn Union of Soviet Socialist 英 dàndàodǎodàn xìtǒng tiáoyuē fǎndǎo Republics on the Limitation of tiáoyuē】 Anti-ballistic Missile Systems (ABM Treaty) 美苏关于消除两国中程及中短程导 Treaty Between the United 弹条约(中导条约) States of America and the 【měi sū guānyú xiāochú liǎngguó Union of Soviet Socialist zhōngchéng jí zhōngduǎnchéng Republics on the Elimination of dǎodàn tiáoyuē zhōngdǎo tiáoyuē】 Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF Treaty) 美苏关于削减和限制进攻性战略武 Treaty Between the United 器条约 States of America and the 【měi sū guānyú xuējiǎn hé xiànzhì Union of Soviet Socialist jìngōngxìng zhànlüèwǔqì tiáoyuē】 Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Offensive Strategic Arms (START I) 美苏关于削减和限制进攻性战略武 Protocol to the Treaty Between 器条约议定书 the United States of America 【měi sū guānyú xuējiǎn hé xiànzhì and the Union of Soviet jìngōngxìng zhànlüèwǔqì tiáoyuē Socialist Republics on the yìdìngshū】 Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms 美苏和平利用地下核爆炸条约 Treaty Between the United 【měi sū hépíng lìyòng dìxià hébàozhà States of America and the tiáoyuē】 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Underground Nuclear Explosion for Peaceful Purposes (PNE) 美苏限制地下核武器试验条约(限 Treaty Between the United 当量条约) States of America and the 【měi sū xiànzhì dìxià héwǔqì shìyàn Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of

55 tiáoyuē xiàndāngliàng tiáoyuē】 Underground Nuclear Weapon Tests (TTBT) 美苏限制进攻性战略武器的某些措 Interim Agreement Between the 施的临时协定 United States of America and 【 měi sū xiànzhì jìngōngxìng zhànlüè the Union of Soviet Socialist wǔqì de mǒuxiē cuòshī de línshí Republics on Certain Measures xiédìng】 with Respect to the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms 汉 (SALT I) 英 美苏限制进攻性战略武器条约 Treaty Between the United 【měi sū xiànzhì jìngōngxìng zhànlüè States of America and the wǔqì tiáoyuē】 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT II Treaty) 盟约【méngyuē】 covenant 密码锁(亦称启动连接装置) permissive action link (PAL) 【mìmǎsuǒ yìchēng qǐdòng A device included in or attached to a liánjiē zhuāngzhì】 nuclear weapon system to preclude 一种安装或附加在核武器系统上的 arming and/or launching until the insertion of a prescribed discrete code. 装置,用于在输入预定的离散密码 (From: Reference[9], p412) 前,防止解除保险和(或)发射。(源 Refer to “safing device of nuclear 自:参考文献[9],p412) weapon” 参见“核武器保险装置” 面目标【miàn mùbiāo】 area target 模板法【móbǎnfǎ】 template approach 模板法是通过测量物体的某些特 The template approach to identify 征,并与从某个参照物(如经认证的 treaty-limited objects works by measur- 一件特定类型的武器)测得的同样 ing certain characteristics of an object 一组特征(即模板)相比较。如果这 and comparing them with the same set of measurements taken from a refer- 两组数据测量相符,就可以判定该 ence object (e.g., an authentic weapon 物体就是这种类型的武器。(源自: of a particular type): the template. (From: 参考文献[11],p99) Reference [11],p99) 目标定位【mùbiāo dìngwèi】 target positioning

56 目视观察【mùshì guānchá】 visual observation 内爆法原子弹 implosion-type atomic bomb 【nèibàofǎ yuánzǐdàn】 南太平洋无核区条约(拉罗汤加岛 South Pacific Nuclear Free 条约) Zone Treaty (Treaty of 【nántàipíngyáng wúhéqū tiáoyuē Rarotonga) lāluótāngjiādǎo tiáoyuē】 汉 逆流离心机【nìliú líxīnjī】 countercurrent gas centrifuge 英 逆流气体离心机的分离效率 separation efficiency of a 【nìliú qìtǐ líxīnjī de fēnlí xiàolǜ】 countercurrent gas centrifuge 年(辐照)剂量【nián fúzhào jìliàng】 annual dose 年通过量【nián tōngguòliàng】 annual throughput 浓缩(富集)厂/同位素分离厂 enrichment plant/isotope 【nóngsuō fùjí chǎng separation plant tóngwèisù fēnlíchǎng】 浓缩(富集)度【nóngsuō fùjí dù】 enrichment 浓缩(富集)因子 enrichment factor 【nóngsuō fùjí yīnzǐ】 浓缩(富集)铀【nóngsuō fùjí yóu】 enriched uranium 欧洲安全与合作组织 Organization for Security and 【ōuzhōu ānquán yǔ hézuò zǔzhī】 Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) 批数据【pīshùjù】 batch data 贫化【pínhuà】 depletion 贫化铀【pínhuàyóu】 depleted uranium 平洞地下核试验 tunnel nuclear test 【píngdòng dìxià héshìyàn】 破坏性分析【pòhuàixìng fēnxī】 destructive analysis (DA) 普雷克斯流程【pǔléikèsī liúchéng】 PUREX (Plutonium Uranium (钚铀的萃取回收流程) Recovery by Extraction) process 谱分辨率【pǔ fēnbiànlǜ】 spectral resolution 起爆序列【qǐbào xùliè】 initiating sequence

57 起爆元件【qǐbào yuánjiàn】 initiating component 气体扩散的理想分离因子 ideal separation factor of 【qìtǐ kuòsàn de lǐxiǎng fēnlí yīnzǐ】 gaseous diffusion process 气体扩散法【qìtǐ kuòsànfǎ】 gaseous diffusion method 气体扩散分离级的分离效率 stage separation efficiency of 【qìtǐ kuòsàn fēnlíjí de fēnlí xiàolǜ】 gaseous diffusion process 汉 气体扩散分离压缩机 compressor for gaseous 【qìtǐ kuòsàn fēnlí yāsuōjī】 diffusion separation 英 气体扩散工厂 gaseous diffusion plant 【qìtǐ kuòsàn gōngchǎng】 气体离心机【qìtǐ líxīnjī】 gas centrifuge 气体离心机的供取料 feed and withdrawals of a gas 【qìtǐ líxīnjī de gōngqǔliào】 centrifuge 气体离心机的最大理论分离功率 theoretical maximum 【qìtǐ líxīnjī de zuìdà lǐlùn fēnlí gōnglǜ】 separative power of a gas centrifuge 气体离心机环流驱动法 means to drive circulation in a 【qìtǐ líxīnjī huánliú qūdòngfǎ】 gas centrifuge 气体离心机流场【qìtǐ líxīnjī liúchǎng】 flow field in gas centrifuge 气体离心机转筒 rotor of a gas centrifuge 【qìtǐ líxīnjī zhuàntǒng】 前沿防御战略 forward defense strategy 【qiányán fángyù zhànlüè】 潜射弹道导弹 submarine-launched ballistic 【qiánshè dàndàodǎodàn】 missile 枪法原子弹【qiāngfǎ yuánzǐdàn】 gun-type atomic bomb 切削(碎)料【qiēxuē suì liào】 scrap 切削(碎)料回收厂 scrap recovery plant 【qiēxuē suì liào huíshōuchǎng】 勤务保险【qínwù bǎoxiǎn】 service safety 氢弹【qīngdàn】 hydrogen bomb 氢弹构形【qīngdàn gòuxíng】 configuration of hydrogen bomb

58 氢化锂【qīnghuàlǐ】 lithium hydride 轻水堆【qīngshuǐduī】 light water reactor (LWR) 全面保障监督协定 comprehensive (full scope) 【quánmiàn bǎozhàng jiāndū xiédìng】 safeguards agreement (CSA) 全面禁止核试验条约 Comprehensive Test Ban 【quánmiàn jìnzhǐ héshìyàn tiáoyuē】 Treaty (CTBT) 汉 全球战略【quánqiú zhànlüè】 global strategy 英 Strategy that aims at achieving and 泛指运用军事、经济、政治、外交 maintaining global interests for a nation 等手段以实现和保护国家或国家集 or a group of nations through military, 团在全球的利益的方略。(源自:参 economic, political, diplomatic and other 考文献[1],p25) means. (From: Reference [1], p25) 劝阻【quànzǔ】 dissuasion 在当前美国思维中,指劝说其他大 In current U.S. thinking, “to persuade other powers to refrain from initiating a 国放弃与美国在军事能力方面的竞 competition in military capabilities.” 争。(源自:参考文献[41]) (From: Reference [41]) 注:在核学说范畴,法语单词“la Note: In the context of nuclear doctrine, dissuasion”实质上意指威慑。(源自: the French word, “la dissuasion” means 参考文献[69],pII-41) essentially “deterrence”. (From: Reference [69], pII-41) 燃耗【ránhào】 burnup 燃料棒束【ránliàobàngshù】 fuel bundle 燃料部件【ránliào bùjiàn】 fuel component 燃料元件【ránliào yuánjiàn】 fuel element 燃料制造厂【ránliào zhìzàochǎng】 fuel fabrication plant 燃料组件【ránliào zǔjiàn】 fuel assembly 热核点火【rèhé diǎnhuǒ】 thermonuclear ignition 热核武器【rèhéwǔqì】 thermonuclear weapon 热室【rèshì】 hot cell

59 热中子【rèzhōngzǐ】 thermal neutrons 人工放射性核素 artificial radionuclide 【réngōng fàngshèxìng hésù】 熔盐电解精炼流程 molten salt electrorefining 【róngyán diànjiě jīngliàn liúchéng】 process 弱冲击波聚焦【ruò chōngjībō jùjiāo】 focusing of weak shock wave 汉 弱剩余放射性武器(3R 弹) reduced residual radioactivity 【ruò shèngyú fàngshèxìng weapon (RRRW) 英 wǔqì 3Rdàn】 三位一体战略核力量 triad strategic nuclear force 【sānwèiyītǐ zhànlüè hélìliàng】 Refer to “old nuclear triad” 参见“旧核三位一体” 三相弹【sānxiàngdàn】 tri-phase bomb A type of hydrogen bomb whose energy 放能过程经历由裂变到聚变再到裂 release process consists of three 变三个阶段的一种氢弹,其最后的 phases: fission, fusion, and then fission. 裂变阶段由临近于热核燃料的天然 The final fission phase is achieved by 铀、贫铀或浓缩铀来完成。世界上 the use of natural uranium, depleted 大多数战略核武器都属于这种类 uranium, or enriched uranium in proximity to the thermonuclear fuel. 型。(改自:参考文献[3],p802) Most strategic nuclear weapons in the world belong to this type. (Modified from: Reference [3], p802) 桑戈委员会【sānggē wěiyuánhuì】 Zangger Committee The Zangger Committee, also known as 一些有核出口能力的《不扩散核武 the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty 器条约》(NPT)缔约国组成的核出口 Exporters Committee, is a nuclear 控制集团,又称 NPT 出口国委员 export group, which consists of parties 会。该委员会于 1971 年成立,宗旨 of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) who have the capability of 是控制《不扩散核武器条约》成员 nuclear export. The committee was 国对没有核武器的非条约成员国的 formed in 1971. It aims to prevent the 核材料和核设备的出口,以防止核 prohibition of nuclear weapons by controlling the export of nuclear 武器扩散。委员会的主要出口控制 materials and equipment from parties of 机制是“触发清单”,即向无核武 the NPT to non-nuclear-weapon states.

60 器国家出口触发清单上的项目,接 The main export control mechanism of the committee is the “Trigger List”. 收国必须接受“国际原子能机构” Items on this List exported to 的保障监督。目前该委员会有 36 个 non-nuclear- weapon states must be 成员国。(改自:参考文献[1],p374) subject to IAEA safeguards. The committee now has 36 member states. (Modified from: Reference [1], p374) 汉 桑戈委员会出口准则 Zangger Committee Export 英 【sānggē wěiyuánhuì chūkǒu zhǔnzé】 Guidelines 杀手锏【shāshǒujiǎn】 assassin's mace 锏是一种由金属制成的冷兵器。在 A type of metal weapon. Chinese classical novels describe the means of 中国古典小说中指与敌厮杀时出其 throwing the mace at the adversary 不意地用锏投掷敌手、以求取胜的 unexpectedly in order to win during 招数。喻指在关键时刻使出的最拿 fighting. It is a metaphor for an adept 手的本领或称绝招。(改自:参考文献 ability or unique skill used at a critical moment. (Modified from: Reference [36]) [36]) 闪光 X 射线照相 flash radiography by 【shǎnguāng X shèxiàn zhàoxiàng】 pulsed X-ray system 嬗变【shànbiàn】 transmutation 设计资料核查【shèjì zīliào héchá】 design information verification (DIV) 设施关闭视察 close-out inspection 【shèshī guānbì shìchá】 设施外场所【shèshīwài chǎngsuǒ】 location outside facilities (LOF) 设施周边与进出口连续监测 perimeter portal continuous 【shèshī zhōubiān yǔ jìnchūkǒu monitoring liánxù jiāncè】 射程【shèchéng】 firing range 生产堆【shēngchǎnduī】 production reactor 声明【shēngmíng】 statement 湿法贮存【shīfǎ zhùcún】 wet storage 十八国裁军委员会 Eighteen-Nation Committee on 【shíbāguó cáijūn wěiyuánhuì】 Disarmament (ENCD)

61 十国裁军委员会 Ten-Nation Committee on 【shíguó cáijūn wěiyuánhuì】 Disarmament (TNCD) 石墨慢化堆【shímò mànhuàduī】 graphite moderated reactor 时间分辨率 temporal resolution 【shíjiān fēnbiànlǜ】 实际级联【shíjì jílián】 real cascade 汉 实时监测【shíshí jiāncè】 real-time monitoring Monitoring information which has been 英 除了电子通信所必需的时间外,没 delayed only by the time required for 有显著延迟地对数据或信息进行的 electronic communication, implying that there are no noticeable delays. (Modified 及时的监测。(源自:参考文献[9],p451) from: Reference [9], p451) 实体保护建议【shítǐ bǎohù jiànyì】 physical-protection recommendations 实体保护控制中心 control center for physical 【shítǐ bǎohù kòngzhì zhōngxīn】 protection 实体保护设计基准威胁 physical-protection design 【shítǐ bǎohù shèjì jīzhǔn wēixié】 basis threats 实体保护探测系统 detection system for physical 【shítǐ bǎohù tàncè xìtǒng】 protection 实体保护通信系统 communication system for 【shítǐ bǎohù tōngxìn xìtǒng】 physical protection 实体保护系统失效判断准则 physical-protection 【shítǐ bǎohù xìtǒng shīxiào system-failure criterion pànduàn zhǔnzé】 实体保护应急响应 physical-protection emergency 【shítǐ bǎohù yìngjí xiǎngyìng】 response 实体保护组织机构 physical-protection 【shítǐ bǎohù zǔzhī jīgòu】 organization 实体(实物)保护报警系统 alarm system for physical 【shítǐ shíwù bǎohù bàojǐng xìtǒng】 protection 实物存量【shíwù cúnliàng】 physical inventory The sum of all the measured or derived 某一给定时刻,在特定核材料平衡 estimates of batch quantities of nuclear 区内,按照规定程序测量或估算所 material on hand at a given time within 得到的所有批量的核材料总和。(改 a material balance area, obtained in

62 自:参考文献[15],para113;[4],6.41) accordance with specified procedures. (Modified from: Reference [15], para113; [4], 6.41) 实战部署的弹头 operationally deployed 【shízhàn bùshǔ de dàntóu】 warhead 实战能力【shízhàn nénglì】 operational capability 手套箱【shǒutàoxiāng】 glove box 汉 属性法【shǔxìngfǎ】 attribute approach 英 Identifies treaty-limited objects by 通过测量物项的某些特征来识别条 约限定物项的方法。这些特征为某 measuring certain characteristics of an 特定类型的所有物项所具备。(改自: object that should be displayed by all 参考文献[11],p104) items of a given general type. (Modified from: Reference [11], p104) 属性检验【shǔxìng jiǎnyàn】 attributes test A statistical test of a characteristic (or 判断一个物项的某项特征(或属性) attribute) of an item to which the 为“是”或“否”的统计试验。(源 response is either “yes” or “no”. (From: 自:参考文献[4],10.30) Reference [4], 10.30) 竖井地下核试验 shaft nuclear test 【shùjǐng dìxià héshìyàn】 数据更新视察【shùjù gēngxīn shìchá】 data update inspection 衰变【shuāibiàn】 decay 衰变能【shuāibiànnéng】 decay energy 双边合作协定 bilateral cooperation agreement 【shuāngbiān hézuò xiédìng】 双循环流程 two cycle process 【shuāngxúnhuán liúchéng】 水法后处理【shuǐfǎ hòuchǔlǐ】 aqueous reprocessing 水氟化流程【shuǐfúhuà liúchéng】 aquafluor process 水面及水下核爆炸毁伤效应 damaging and injuring effects 【shuǐmiàn jí shuǐxià hébàozhà of shallow or underwater huǐshāng xiàoyìng】 nuclear explosion 水声监测【shuǐshēng jiāncè】 hydroacoustic monitoring

63 四氟化铀氟化生产六氟化铀 production of uranium 【sìfúhuàyóu fúhuà hexafluoride by fluorination of shēngchǎn liùfúhuàyóu】 uranium tetrafluoride 随机取样【suíjī qǔyàng】 random sampling The process of selecting samples in 所涉群体内的所有物项有相同被选 such a manner that all items in a 概率的取样方式。(源自:参考文献[4], population have the same probability of 7.8) being selected. (From: Reference [4], 7.8) 汉 随机视察【suíjī shìchá】 random inspection 英 An inspection performed at a facility or a 在一个随机选定的日期对一处设施 location outside facilities on a date 或设施外的一处场地进行的视察。 chosen randomly. (From: Reference [4], 11.8) (源自:参考文献[4],11.8) 梭雷克斯流程【suōléikèsī liúchéng】 THOREX (thorium extraction) (钍萃取流程) process 探知概率【tànzhī gàilǜ】 detection probability 探知时间【tànzhī shíjiān】 detection time 特别视察【tèbié shìchá】 ad hoc inspection 特殊效应核武器 tailored effects nuclear weapon 【tèshū xiàoyìng héwǔqì】 特种可裂变材料 special fissionable material 【tèzhǒng kělièbiàn cáiliào】 Plutonium-239; uranium-233; uranium 钚 -239 ; 铀 -233 ; 浓 缩 了 同 位 素 enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233; any 铀-235 或铀-233 的铀;任何含上述 material containing one or more of the foregoing; and such other fissionable 一种或多种物质的材料; 以及 IAEA material as the IAEA of Governors shall 理事会随时确定的其他可裂变材 from time to time determine; but the 料;但“特种可裂变材料”不包括 term “special fissionable material” does 源材料。(源自:参考文献[4],4.5) not include source material. (From: Reference [4], 4.5) 梯恩梯当量【tī’ēntī dāngliàng】 TNT equivalent 天然放射性核素 natural radionuclides 【tiānrán fàngshèxìng hésù】 天然铀【tiānrányóu】 natural uranium

64 停产的设施【tíngchǎn de shèshī】 standby facility 停堆换料动力堆 off-load refuelled power reactor 【tíngduī huànliào dònglìduī】 同时视察【tóngshí shìchá】 simultaneous inspections Inspections performed by IAEA IAEA 视察员同时或在短时间内对 inspectors simultaneously or within a 一个国家的两处或多处设施进行视 汉 short period of time at two or more 察,以发现设施之间可能进行的串 facilities in a State in order to detect 英 通行为,例如设施之间相互临时转 possible diversions arranged in 移(借用)核材料,从而使同一份核 collusion between facilities by, for 材料被 IAEA 核查两次,即在两个 example, the temporary transfer (“borrowing”) of nuclear material 被视察的设施中各被核查一次。(源 between facilities so that the same 自:参考文献[4],11.11) material would be verified twice by the IAEA, once in each of the two facilities inspected. (From: Reference [4], 11.11) 同位素【tóngwèisù】 isotope 同位素分离【tóngwèisù fēnlí】 isotope separation 同位素分离因子 isotope separation factor 【tóngwèisù fēnlí yīnzǐ】 A characteristic value for measuring 表征分离单元分离效果的特征量, separative efficiency of a separative 表示某一分离效应所产生同位素相 unit. It is the ratio of the relative 对丰度的变化情况。(源自:参考文献 concentration after and before process- ing. (From: Reference [2], p404) [2],p404) 同位素位移【tóngwèisù wèiyí】 isotope shift 透明度【tòumíngdù】 transparency Openness of information. In the verifi- 信息公开。在核查领域可指国家军 cation field it may refer to openness 事活动和可能带有军事意味的和平 about a state’s military activities and 活动(如军民两用技术)的公开。(源 about any peaceful activities that may 自:参考文献[54]) have military implications (such as dual-use technology). (From: Reference [54])

65 钍-铀核燃料循环 thorium-uranium nuclear fuel 【tǔ yóu héránliào xúnhuán】 cycle 退役设施/退役的设施外场所 decommissioned 【tuìyì shèshī tuìyì de shèshīwài facility/decommissioned chǎngsuǒ】 location outside facilities 外空军事化【wàikōng jūnshìhuà】 militarization of space The deployment of assets (typically 在外空部署设施(通常是卫星)为军 汉 satellites) in space for providing infor- 事活动提供信息支持。(改自:参考文 mation support to military activities. 英 献[56],p30) (Modified from: Reference [56], p30) 参见“外空武器化” Refer to “weaponization of space” 外空武器化【wàikōng wǔqìhuà】 weaponization of space To deploy systems or components 部署专门设计用于在/从外空作战 specifically designed to fight a war in or 的系统或部件,或部署专门设计用 from space, or military capabilities on 于在地球上攻击外空中目标的军事 the earth specifically designed to 能力。(改自:参考文献[56],p29) destroy or disable targets in space. 参见“外空军事化” (Modified From: Reference [56], p29) Refer to “militarization of space” 万隆会议十项原则 Ten Principles of the Bandung 【wànlóng huìyì shíxiàng yuánzé】 Conference 危机管理【wēijī guǎnlǐ】 crisis management Procedures for controlling and manag- 控制和管理危机,使其不至于失控 ing a crisis so that it does not get out of 而导致战争的过程。危机管理应确 hand and lead to war. Crisis manage- 保解决危机以保障国家攸关利益。 ment also ensures that the crisis is (改自:参考文献[28],p240) resolved so that the vital interests of the states involved are secured and protect- ed. (Modified from: Reference [28], p240) 危机控制【wēijī kòngzhì】 crisis control A series of interactive processes carried 泛指遵循维护国家利益和避免武力 out following the principle of safeguard- 冲突的原则而抑制危机扩展的一系 ing national interests and avoiding arm- 列互动过程:在危机尚处潜在阶段 ed conflicts, to eliminate the factors that 时努力消除可能促其爆发的因素; may impel the eruption of latent crisis;

66 在危机爆发时促其尽快向缓解方向 to lessen the seriousness of the crisis as soon as possible, and to reduce the 转化,因势利导,尽可能降低对抗 degree of rivalry and contain the expan- 程度。(改自:参考文献[1],p42) sion of the crisis. (Modified from: Reference [1], p42) 危机稳定性【wēijī wěndìngxìng】 crisis stability 汉 威逼【wēibī】 compellence 英 The use of the threat of force to compel 威胁使用武力以迫使敌手采取己方 a desired action by one’s adversary. 期望的行动。(源自:参考文献[23]) (From: Reference [23]) 注:威逼致力于终止已发生的行为 Note: compellence refers to efforts to stop an action already underway 而威慑致力于防止未发生的行动。 whereas deterrence refers to efforts to (源自:参考文献[39]) prevent future action. (From: Reference [39]) 衍生:威逼,通常包括发起(威胁性) Derived from: “Compellence… usually 的行动(或诉诸行动的不可更改的 involves initiating an action (or an irrevocable commitment to action) that 决心),只有在对手作出(妥协性的) can cease, or become harmless, only if 反应后才能终止或变得无害。(源自: the opponent responds.” (From: Reference 参考文献[23]) [23]) 威力【wēilì】 yield 威慑【wēishè】 deterrence The prevention from action by fear of 通过使对手害怕后果来防止其采取 the consequences. Deterrence is a 行动。威慑是一种由难以承受的反 state of mind brought about by the 击行动所致的可信威胁的存在所引 existence of a credible threat of 发的心理状态。(源自:参考文献[9], unacceptable counteraction. (From: Reference [9], p160) p160) Refer to “compellence” 参见“威逼” 微型中子源反应堆 miniature neutron source 【wēixíng zhōngzǐyuán fǎnyìngduī】 reactor (MNSR) 未申报设施或设施外场所 undeclared facility or location 【wèi shēnbào shèshī huò outside facilities (LOF) shèshīwài chǎngsuǒ】

67 无核武器国家【wú héwǔqì guójiā】 non-nuclear weapon state (NNWS) 无源γ射线探测 passive gamma-ray detection 【wúyuán γ shèxiàn tàncè】 A rapid and non-destructive detection of 通过测量裂变材料衰变时产生的特 fissionable materials and equipments 征γ射线,对裂变材料及含裂变材料 containing fissionable material through detecting characteristic gamma-rays 的装置进行快速、无损探测的方法。 汉 emitted from decay of such fissionable (源自:参考文献[1],p495) material. (From: Reference [1], p495) 英 无源标签【wúyuán biāoqiān】 passive tag 参见“标签” Refer to “tag” 无源封记【wúyuán fēngjì】 passive seal 参见“封记” Refer to “seal” 无源中子探测 passive neutron detection 【wúyuán zhōngzǐ tàncè】 A method of rapid non-destructive 通过探测裂变材料的自发中子而对 detection of fissionable material or 裂变材料或含裂变材料的装置进行 devices containing fissionable materials by detecting neutrons spontaneously 快速无损探测的方法。(源自:参考文 emitted from such fissionable material. 献[1],p495) (From: Reference [1], p496) 武器化【wǔqìhuà】 weaponization 武器级钚【wǔqìjí bù】 weapon-grade plutonium 含小于或等于 7%以下钚-240 的钚。 Plutonium containing no more than 7% (源自:参考文献[1],p233) Pu-240. (From: Reference [1], p233) 注:含远大于 7%以上钚-240 的钚 Note: Pu containing much more than 7% Pu-240 can actually be used in a 事实上亦可用于核武器。(源自:参 nuclear weapon. (From: Reference [13], 考文献[13],p32-33) p32-33) 武器级铀【wǔqìjí yóu】 weapon-grade uranium Enriched uranium containing no less 含大于或等于 90%以上铀-235 的 than 90% U-235. (From: Reference [1], p233) 铀。(源自:参考文献[1],p233) 物件计数【wùjiàn jìshù】 item counting

68 物理包【wùlǐbāo】 physics package The primary and secondary of a nuclear 核武器中封装在辐射壳内的初级和 weapon are housed inside a radiation 次级部件的完整的组装件。(源自: case; the completed assembly is called 参考文献[11],p91) the “physics package.” (From: Reference [11], p91) 误差【wùchā】 error 汉 英 西方国家集团 Western Group 【xīfāng guójiā jítuán】 吸收【xīshōu】 absorption 吸收剂量【xīshōu jìliàng】 absorbed dose 系统电磁脉冲 system-generated 【xìtǒng diàncí màichōng】 electromagnetic pulse 系统取样【xìtǒng qǔyàng】 systematic sampling The process of selecting samples in a 在一个连续的过程中以重复的方式 repeated pattern, such as every 11th 进行取样,如每隔 10 个物项取样或 item or at fixed time intervals, from a 每隔一定的时间间隔取样。(源自: continuing process. (From: Reference [4], 7.9) 参考文献[4],7.9) 下游设施【xiàyóu shèshī】 downstream facility 先发制人打击【xiānfāzhìrén dǎjī】 preemptive strike 先前申报设施视察 formerly declared facility 【xiānqián shēnbào shèshī shìchá】 inspection 现场视察【xiànchǎng shìchá】 on-site inspection (OSI) The verification method carried out by 在被探测现场利用人员或仪器收集 personnel or apparatus on the selected 信息的视察方式。《美苏关于削减 site. The 13 types of inspection are 和限制进攻性战略武器条约》规定 defined in the START I treaty. Inspections are carried out by 了 13 种现场视察方式。视察由指派 designated inspectors to verify that 的视察员执行,旨在核实没有进行 particular activities prohibited by an 军备限制协议所禁止的活动,确认 arms limitation agreement are not performed, to check that particular 执行了军备限制协议所规定的活 activities prescribed by an arms 动,或调查可疑事件的真相。(改自: limitation agreement are implemented,

69 参考文献[16],p231) or to examine the nature of a suspicious event. (Modified from:Reference [16], p231) 现场视察中的地球物理勘测 geophysical survey in on-site 【xiànchǎng shìchá zhōng de dìqiú wùlǐ inspections kāncè】 现实威慑战略 strategy of realistic deterrence 【xiànshí wēishè zhànlüè】 汉 现役弹头【xiànyì dàntóu】 active warhead 英 现役核武库【xiànyì héwǔkù】 active nuclear stockpile 限制【xiànzhì】 limit 限制准入【xiànzhì zhǔnrù】 managed access Upon the request of a State, the IAEA 指在被视察国的要求下,IAEA 和 and the State shall make arrangements 该国达成的限制进入权限的安排。 for managed access, arranged in such 这种安排应按照“防止与扩散相关 a way as “to prevent the dissemination 的敏感信息的散布、满足安全或实 of proliferation sensitive information, to meet safety or physical protection 体保护要求或者保护所有权或商业 requirements, or to protect proprietary 敏感信息”的原则制定。(源自:参 or commercially sensitive information.” 考文献[4],11.26) (From: Reference [4], 11.26) 宪章【xiànzhāng】 charter 相互确保摧毁战略 strategy of mutual assured 【xiānghù quèbǎocuīhuǐ zhànlüè】 destruction (MAD) 响应力量【xiǎngyìng lìliàng】 responsive force The responsive force is intended to 意指在遭遇潜在的意外事故时能增 provide a capability to augment the 加作战部署力量的能力。它使领导 operationally deployed force to meet 层能握有根据危机发展的程度而增 potential contingencies. It retains the option for leadership to increase the 加作战部署力量数量的选择权。 number of operationally deployed (改自:参考文献[66]) forces in proportion to the severity of an evolving crisis. (Modified from: Reference [66]) 项目和供应协定 project and supply agreement 【xiàngmù hé gōngyìng xiédìng】 销毁【xiāohuǐ】 destruction

70 销毁视察【xiāohuǐ shìchá】 elimination inspection 小数量议定书 small quantities protocol (SQP) 【xiǎoshùliàng yìdìngshū】 协定/协议【xiédìng xiéyì】 agreement 芯块【xīnkuài】 pellet 汉 新三位一体【xīn sānwèiyītǐ】 new triad 英 参见“新战略三位一体” Refer to “new strategic triad” 新设施视察【xīn shèshī shìchá】 new facility inspection 新思维【xīnsīwéi】 new thinking 1 The former Soviet Union President 1 20 世纪 80 年代中期苏联领导人 Mikhail Gorbachev’s enunciated opinion 戈尔巴乔夫对当时世界的看法以及 on the world situation and Soviet Union 关于苏联外交政策的观点,主要内 foreign policy in the 1980s. The main points are: (1) The world is a unity of 容为:(1)世界是一个多样性的统一 diversity. (2) Respect the choices of 体;(2)充分尊重各国人民按照自己 style of life according to people in each 的选择而生活并独立自主地解决自 country and of the ways of solving their 身的问题;(3)全人类的利益高于阶 own problems independently. (3) The interest of humanity has priority over 级利益;(4)核战争威胁着人类的生 that of a class. (4) Nuclear war is a 存与发展;(5)全人类普遍安全的唯 threat to human life and development. 一原则基础是尊重主权。(改自:参考 And (5) The basis of human common security is respect for independence 文献[1],p34;[64]) and sovereignty of other members of the world community. (Modified From: Reference [1], p34; [64]) 2 该术语用以描述 20 世纪 80 年代 2 The term used to characterize distinctive elements in Soviet foreign 中后期在戈尔巴乔夫总统领导下而 policy thinking developed under the 发展的苏联外交政策思维的特性。 leadership of President Mikhail 新思维的主要观点包括:(1)资本主 Gorbachev in the latter half of the 义和社会主义之间不是“零和”关 1980s. The main propositions in new thinking included: (1) the relationship 系;(2)共同的人类利益高于阶级利 between capitalist and socialist states 益;(3)与美国的军事均衡对苏联的 was not zero-sum; (2) common human 安全不是必需的,非攻击性的防御 interests should take priority over

71 战略应优于进攻战略;(4)军事力量 class-based interests; (3) military parity with the U.S. was not necessary for 主要用于防止冲突,而不是在战争 Soviet security, and non-offensive 中打败对手。新思维的某些表现形 defensive strategies were preferable to 式包括单边裁军措施、削减军事力 offensive strategies; (4) the main purpose of military power was to 量、承诺单边和多边的信任建立及 prevent conflict, rather than to defeat an 裁 军 措 施 。 ( 源 自 : 参 考 文 献 [57] , adversary in a war. Some of the 汉 p117-129;[58]) manifestations of new thinking included 英 certain unilateral disarmament measures, reductions in the size of certain military forces, and a strong commitment to bilateral and multilateral confidence building and arms control measures.(From: Reference [57],p117-129; [58]) 新战略三位一体 new strategic triad 【xīn zhànlüè sānwèiyītǐ】 A new U.S. military strategy revealed in 美国2002年《核态势评估》报告中 the 2002 Nuclear Posture Review, 提出的一种新的军事战略,由三部 consisting of nuclear and non-nuclear 分组成:核与非核打击力量;主动 strike forces; passive and active defenses; and a revitalized defense 的和被动的防御;全新的防御基础 infrastructure. (From: Reference [67]) 设施。(源自:参考文献[67]) Refer to “old nuclear triad” 参见“旧核三位一体” 信息屏障【xìnxī píngzhàng】 information barrier Used to protect any sensitive weapon 用来保护鉴别过程中可能搜集到的 design information that may be 敏感武器设计信息。这可以通过自 gathered during the identification 动进行采集、储存和分析数据,并 process, for example, by automating the 只向视察员提供分析的结果来实 collection, storage, and analysis of data, and by making only the conclusions of 现。(改自:参考文献[11],p107-108) the analysis available to the inspector. (Modified from: Reference [11], p107-108) 信息战【xìnxīzhàn】 information warfare (IW) 虚警率【xūjǐnglǜ】 false-alarm rate The ratio of alarms triggered by real 被非真实事件驱动的报警次数与监

72 测系统设计上所能侦测到的总报警 events to the total number of alarms the monitoring system detects. The false 次数的比例。虚警的产生是由于监 alarms are generated because the 测系统无法区分真实的或虚假的警 monitoring system could not distinguish 报。(改自:参考文献[1],p489) real from false alarms. (Modified from: Reference [1], p489) 汉 虚拟核试验【xū’nǐ héshìyàn】 virtual nuclear test The numerical simulation of a nuclear 英 用先进的计算机程序和高性能计算 explosion test done by advanced com- 机对核爆试验进行数值模拟。(改自: puter programs and high performance 参考文献[2],p430) computers. (Modified from: Reference [2], p430) 宣言【xuānyán】 declaration 削减【xuējiǎn】 reduction 巡航导弹【xúnháng dǎodàn】 cruise missile 压水堆【yāshuǐduī】 pressurized water reactor (PWR) 亚临界气体离心机【yàlínjiè qìtǐ líxīnjī】 subcritical gas centrifuge 延伸(扩展)核威慑 extended nuclear deterrence 【yánshēn kuòzhǎn héwēishè】 1 Strategy of preventing nuclear attack 1 通过用核报复导致无法承受的毁 on one’s allies by threatening the perceived or potential enemy with 伤以威胁觉察到的或潜在的敌手, unacceptable damage by nuclear 防止其对盟国进行核打击的战略。 retaliation. 2 以威胁核报复来防止对其或其盟 2 Strategy of preventing conventional attack on oneself or one’s allies by 友进行常规打击的战略。(改自:参 threat of nuclear retaliation. (Modified 考文献[7],p14-15) from: Reference [7], p14-15) 研究堆【yánjiūduī】 research reactor 演习后疏散视察 post-exercise dispersal 【yǎnxíhòu shūsàn shìchá】 inspection 验证与确认【yànzhèng yǔ quèrèn】 verification and validation (V&V) 验证:是一个确定过程,即验证计 Verification is the process of confirming 算程序正确地求解了数学方程的过 that a computer code correctly

73 程。 implements the algorithms that were intended. 确认:也是一个确定过程,即确认 Validation is the process of confirming 计算程序的计算结果恰当地描述了 that the predictions of a code adequately represent measured physi- 相关物理现象的过程。(改自:参考文 cal phenomena. (Modified from: Reference 献[63]) [63]) 汉 样品【yàngpǐn】 sample 英 样品量【yàngpǐnliàng】 sample size 遥测数据打包和加密 telemetry data packet and 【yáocè shùjù dǎbāo hé jiāmì】 encryption 遥感技术【yáogǎn jìshù】 remote sensing technology 用传感器远距离探测与条约有关的 Technology for detecting objects and/or activities at a distance by means of 物项和(或)活动的技术。(改自:参考 sensors. (Modified from: Reference [19], p235) 文献[19],p235) 一次通过式核燃料循环 once-through nuclear fuel cycle 【yīcì tōngguòshì héránliào xúnhuán】 一体化保障监督 integrated safeguards 【yītǐhuà bǎozhàng jiāndū】 The optimum combination of all 在全面保障监督协议及附加议定书 safeguards measures available to the 下,国际原子能机构所能获得的所 IAEA under comprehensive safeguards agreements and additional protocols to 有保障监督手段的最佳组合,其目 achieve maximum effectiveness and 的是利用可拥有的资源,最有效、 efficiency in meeting the IAEA’s 最高效地满足国际原子能机构规定 safeguards obligations within available 的保障监督义务。(源自:参考文献[4], resources. (From: Reference [4], 3.5) 3.5) 一体化流程【yītǐhuà liúchéng】 integral process 已关闭设施/已关闭的设施外场所 closed-down facility/closed- 【yǐguānbì shèshī yǐguānbì de down location outside facilities shèshīwài chǎngsuǒ】 议定书【yìdìngshū】 protocol 易裂变材料 fissile material 【yìlièbiàn cáiliào】

74 易损性评定【yìsǔnxìng píngdìng】 vulnerability assessment 引控系统联试 integrated test of Arming, 【yǐnkòng xìtǒng liánshì】 Fuzing & Firing (AF&F) system 铀【yóu】 uranium 铀-233【yóu 233】 uranium-233 铀钚分离循环 uranium-plutonium partition 汉 【yóu bù fēnlí xúnhuán】 cycle 英 铀钚混合氧化物 uranium-plutonium mixed 【yóu bù hùnhé yǎnghuàwù】 dioxide 铀钚循环【yóu bù xúnhuán】 uranium-plutonium cycle 铀产品的转化 conversion of uranium product 【yóuchǎnpǐn de zhuǎnhuà】 铀纯化厂【yóu chúnhuàchǎng】 uranium purification plant 铀的氟化物【yóu de fúhuàwù】 fluorides of uranium 铀的中间氟化物 intermediate fluorides of 【yóu de zhōngjiān fúhuàwù】 uranium 铀光谱【yóu guāngpǔ】 uranium spectrum 铀合金【yóu héjīn】 uranium alloy 铀化学浓缩物 uranium chemical concentrate 【yóu huàxué nóngsuōwù】 铀净化循环 uranium decontamination cycle 【yóu jìnghuà xúnhuán】 铀矿开采和水冶 uranium mine and ore 【yóukuàng kāicǎi hé shuǐyě】 processing 铀同位素分离【yóu tóngwèisù fēnlí】 uranium isotope separation 铀氧化物的氟化 fluorination of uranium oxide 【yóuyǎnghuàwù de fúhuà】 铀再循环【yóu zàixúnhuán】 uranium recycling A process of reusing the uranium 将从乏燃料中回收得到的铀在反应 extracted from spent fuel in nuclear 堆内再循环使用的过程。(源自:参 reactors. (From: Reference [2], p457) 考文献[2],p457)

75 有关保障监督的修订补充协定 revised supplementary 【yǒuguān bǎozhàng jiāndū de xiūdìng agreement relevant to bǔchōng xiédìng】 safeguards 有界波型电磁脉冲模拟器 electromagnetic-pulse 【yǒujiè bōxíng diàncí màichōng boundary-wave type simulator mónǐqì】 有限威慑【yǒuxiàn wēishè】 limited deterrence A term used by some scholars to 汉 某些学者用于描述某种威慑形式所 describe a form of deterrence. 英 用的术语,但目前尚无定论。 However, there is no consensus on the definition. 注 1:在有些描述中,有限威慑要 Note 1:In some descriptions limited deterrence requires a limited warfight- 求有一定的核战能力,能够在核战 ing capability to inflict costly damage on 争中的各升级阶梯上给对手造成损 the adversary at every rung on the 失,从而挫败对手使之不能取胜。 escalation ladder, thus denying the adversary victory in a nuclear war. (改自:参考文献[46]) (Modified from: Reference [46]) 注 2:在有些描述中是指法国的核 Note 2: In some descriptions it refers to 威慑。(改自:参考文献[18],p360;[70], France’s nuclear deterrent. (Modified from: Reference [18], p360; [70], p195-196) p195-196) 注 3:“威慑”亦适应于非核情况。 Note 3: “deterrence” can also apply in non-nuclear circumstances. 有限战争【yǒuxiàn zhànzhēng】 limited war 有效载荷【yǒuxiào zàihè】 payload 有源标签【yǒuyuán biāoqiān】 active tag 参见“标签” Refer to “tag” 有源封记【yǒuyuán fēngjì】 active seal 参见“封记” Refer to “seal” 有源中子探测 active neutron detection 【yǒuyuán zhōngzǐ tàncè】 A method of determining the existence 利用外源诱发裂变材料裂变,通过 of fissionable material through detecting the neutrons emitted from the fission 探测裂变发出的中子而证实裂变材 that is induced by an external source. 料存在的方法。(源自:参考文献[1], (From: Reference [1], p495) p495)

76 余震监测【yúzhèn jiāncè】 aftershock detection 预警即发射【yùjǐng jì fāshè】 launch-on-warning (LOW) 预警卫星【yùjǐng wèixīng】 early-warning satellite 遇袭即发射【yùxí jì fāshè】 launch-under-attack (LUA) 原始数据【yuánshǐ shùjù】 source data 汉 原子弹【yuánzǐdàn】 atomic bomb 英 原子弹弹芯【yuánzǐdàn dànxīn】 core of atomic bomb 参见“弹芯” Refer to “pit” 原子弹反射层(惰层) reflector (tamper) layer 【yuánzǐdàn fǎnshècéng duòcéng】 in atomic bomb 原子核【yuánzǐhé】 atomic nucleus 原子量【yuánzǐliàng】 atomic mass 原子能委员会 Atomic Energy Commission 【yuánzǐnéng wěiyuánhuì】 原子序数【yuánzǐ xùshù】 atomic number 原子蒸气激光同位素分离法 atomic-vapor laser isotope 【yuánzǐ zhēngqì jīguāng tóngwèisù separation fēnlífǎ】 圆概率偏差【yuán gàilǜ piānchā】 circular error probable (CEP) 对于射弹、导弹或炸弹而言,其圆 For repeated trials, the radius of a circle 概率偏差是指,在反复试验中,包 enclosing half of the impacts of a pro- 含其半数弹着点的圆形区域的半 jectile, missile, or bomb. (Modified from: Reference [9]) 径。(改自:参考文献[9]) 源材料【yuáncáiliào】 source material Uranium containing the mixture of 含有天然形成的同位素混合体的 isotopes occurring in nature; uranium 铀;铀-235 被贫化的铀;钍;金属、 depleted in the isotope 235; thorium; any of the foregoing in the form of 合金、化合物或浓缩物状态的上述 metal, alloy, chemical compound, or 任何材料;任何含有一种或多种上 concentrate; any other material 述的物质并达到 IAEA 理事会随时 containing one or more of the foregoing in such concentration as the IAEA 确定的浓度的材料;以及理事会可 Board of Governors shall from time to

77 time determine; and such other material 随时确定的此类其他材料。根据 as the Board of Governors shall from [INFIRCIR/153]保障协定的 112 段: time to time determine. According to “源材料这一名词不适用于矿石或 paragraph 112 of [IAEA INFCIRC/153], “the term source material shall not be 矿渣。”(源自:参考文献[4],4.4) interpreted as applying to ore or ore residue.” (From: Reference [4], 4.4) 运行记录【yùnxíng jìlù】 operating records 汉 英 再入段【zàirùduàn】 reentry phase 暂停核试验【zàntíng héshìyàn】 moratorium on nuclear testing 暂停实施议定书 suspension protocol 【zàntíng shíshī yìdìngshū】 脏弹【zāngdàn】 dirty bomb 参见“放射性物质散布装置” Refer to “radiological dispersal device (RDD)” 增强 X 射线弹 enhanced X-ray weapon 【zēngqiáng X shèxiàndàn】 战略导弹【zhànlüè dǎodàn】 strategic missile 战略防御【zhànlüè fángyù】 strategic defense 1 The defense against an offensive 1 战争全局上对进攻之敌的防御。 enemy in the overall situation of war. It 它是战争中战略行动的基本类型之 is one of the basic types of strategic 一,往往成为战争进程的一个阶段。 operations and usually becomes a stage in the course of war. The aim of 战略防御的目的是阻止和挫败敌人 strategic defense is to prevent and 的战略进攻,保存和积蓄自己的力 frustrate the enemy’s strategic offense, 量,消耗和消灭敌人,改变战场形 preserve and save one’s own strength, wear down and wipe out the enemy, 势和力量对比,为转入战略进攻创 change the battle situation and relative 造条件。 (源自:参考文献[18],p219) strength, and create conditions for shifting to strategic offense. (From: Reference [18], p219) 2 挫伤敌人使用战略军事设施(主 2 The capability to defeat an enemy’s use of its strategic military assets, 要是远程核运载系统)的能力。 (改 primarily long-range nuclear delivery 自:参考文献[71] ) systems. (Modified from: Reference [71])

78 战略防御倡议 strategic defense initiative (SDI) 【zhànlüè fángyù chàngyì】 The plan for a space-based ballistic 罗纳德·里根总统在 1983 年 3 月 23 missile defense system announced by 日声明的《战略防御倡议》指为拦 U.S. president Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983, aimed at defending 截苏联射向美国的大规模战略导弹 against a mass attack of strategic 力量而建立的天基弹道导弹防御系 nuclear missiles from the Soviet Union. 汉 统研制计划,俗称“星球大战”计 It is also commonly called “Star Wars”. 英 划。(改自:参考文献[1],p274;[17]) (Modified from: Reference [1], p274;[17]) 战略核武器【zhànlüè héwǔqì】 strategic nuclear weapon 1 Nuclear weapons that are used to 1 用于打击战略目标,执行战略任 strike strategic targets for strategic 务的核武器。(改自:参考文献[3],p1105) missions. (Modified from: Reference [3], p1105) 2 战略核武器是指能打击远距离 2 Strategic nuclear weapons are designed to engage objects in 地域的战略目标(超过 5 500 公里) geographically remote strategic regions 完成战略任务的武器。特殊情况下 (over 5 500 km) to accomplish strategic missions. In exceptional situations, 战略核武器可用于完成战役任务。 strategic nuclear weapons may be used 战略核武器服役于战略核部队。(源 to accomplish campaign missions. 自:参考文献[5],p24) Strategic nuclear weapons are in service with the strategic nuclear forces. (From: Reference [5], p24) 注:战略担负对敌方及其军事力量 Note: Strategic refers to missions designed to have a long-term rather 产生长期的而非短期影响的使命。 than immediate effect on the enemy (改自:参考文献[9],p516-517) and its military forces. (Modified from: Reference [9], p516-517) 参见“战术核武器” Refer to “tactical nuclear weapon” 战略稳定性【zhànlüè wěndìngxìng】 strategic stability 战略要点【zhànlüè yàodiǎn】 strategic point 战区核武器【zhànqū héwǔqì】 theater nuclear weapon 战术导弹【zhànshù dǎodàn】 tactical missile 战术核武器【zhànshù héwǔqì】 tactical nuclear weapon 1 用于打击战役、 战术纵深内重要 1 Nuclear weapons used to attack in-depth key targets at the campaign

79 目标的核武器。(改自:参考文献[3], and tactical level. (Modified from: Reference p1107) [3], p1107) 2 Nuclear weapons, such as artillery 2 用于战场作战的核武器,诸如核 shells, bombs, and short-range 炮弹、核炸弹和短程核导弹等。(改 missiles, for use in battlefield 自:参考文献[8]) operations. (Modified from: Reference [8]) 3 Tactical nuclear weapons are 3 战术核武器是指能打击敌方部 designed to engage objects in the 汉 署的战术纵深目标(最远 300 公里) tactical depth of enemy deployment (up 英 完成战术任务的武器。在某些情况 to 300 km) to accomplish a tactical mission. Under certain conditions, 下,战术核武器可用于作战和战略 tactical nuclear weapons may be 任务,战略核炸弹也可用于战术目 involved in operational and strategic 的。(改自:参考文献[5],p24) missions. A strategic bomb can be used for tactical purposes. (Modified from: Reference [5], p24) 注 1:战术层面的活动是为完成战 Note 1: Activities at a tactical level focus on the ordered arrangement and 斗目的而关注涉及己方和敌方的作 maneuver of combat elements in 战要素的部署和调遣。(改自:参考文 relation to each other and to the enemy to achieve combat objectives. (Modified 献[9],p532) from: Reference [9], p532) 注 2:战役是指军团为达成战争的 Note 2: A campaign is a series of combat operations carried out by 局部目的或全局性目的,在统一指 corps-level military forces under 挥下进行的由一系列战斗组成的作 uniformed command to achieve partial or overall objectives. (From: Reference [33], 战行动。(源自:参考文献[33],p9) p9) 参见“战略核武器” Refer to “strategic nuclear weapon” 账面平衡【zhàngmiàn pínghéng】 account balance 照射【zhàoshè】 exposure 针对性威慑【zhēnduìxìng wēishè】 tailored deterrence Flexible deterrence capabilities and 根据目标国具体的心理、政治、意 operational doctrines specifically de- 识形态,及经济状况而特别制订的 signed according to the specific 灵活的威摄能力与实战原则。(源自: psychological, political, ideological, and economic characteristics of the targeted 参考文献[21],p49-51) actor. (From: Reference[21], p49-51)

80 真实性验证 authentication 【zhēnshíxìng yànzhèng】 直接使用材料【zhíjiē shǐyòng cáiliào】 direct-use material 未经嬗变或进一步浓缩就可用于制 Nuclear material that can be used for the manufacture of nuclear explosive 造核爆炸装置的核材料。(源自:参 devices without transmutation or further 考文献[4],4.25) enrichment. (From: Reference [4], 4.25) 汉 英 指挥、控制、通信、计算和 command, control,communi- 情报系统(C4I 系统) cations, computing and 【zhǐhuī kòngzhì tōngxìn jìsuàn intelligence (C4I) hé qíngbào xìtǒng C4I xìtǒng】 指挥、控制、通信和情报 command, control,communi- 系统(C3I 系统) cation and intelligence system 【zhǐhuī kòngzhì tōngxìn (C3I) hé qíngbào xìtǒng C3I xìtǒng】 质子【zhìzǐ】 proton 滞留量【zhìliúliàng】 hold-up 中放废物【zhōngfàng fèiwù】 intermediate-level radioactive waste 中国防扩散出口管制体系 China’s nonproliferation export 【zhōngguó fángkuòsàn chūkǒu control system guǎnzhì tǐxì】 China’s comprehensive export control 中国关于核、生物、化学和导弹等 system regarding various nuclear, bio- 各类敏感物项和技术及所有军品的 logical, chemical and missile-related 全面的出口控制体制。(源自:参考文 sensitive items, technology and all 献[38]) military goods. (From: Reference [38]) 中国核出口三项原则 Three Principles on Nuclear 【zhōngguó héchūkǒu sānxiàng Export Control of China yuánzé】 China's three principles of nuclear ex- 中国核出口三项原则:第一,只用 ports: guarantee for peaceful purposes 于和平目的;第二,接受国际原子 only; acceptance of IAEA safeguards; 能机构的保障和监督;第三,未经 and no retransfer to any third party 中国同意,接受国不得转让给第三 without prior approval of the Chinese 国。(源自:参考文献[1],p414) side. (From: Reference [1], p414) 中华人民共和国核出口管制条例 Regulations of the People's 【zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó Republic of China on Nuclear

81 hé chūkǒu guǎnzhì tiáolì】 Export Control 中国政府于 1997 年 9 月 10 日公布 The chinese government promulgated the Regulations of the People's 《中华人民共和国核出口管制条 Republic of China on Nuclear Export 例》,并宣布立即生效。条例共 22 Control of on Sep.10, 1997, and 条。(源自:参考文献[1],p414) declared that it took effect immediately. It has 22 articles. (From: Reference [1], p414) 注:该条例在 2006 年被修订了 。 Note: this set of regulations was revised [74] 汉 in 2006[74]. 英 中华人民共和国核两用品及相关技 Regulations of the People's Re- 术出口管制条例 public of China on Export Con- 【zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó hé trol of Dual-Use Nuclear Goods liǎngyòngpǐn jí xiāngguān jìshù chūkǒu and the Related Technologies guǎnzhì tiáolì】 The chinese government promulgated 中国政府于 1998 年 6 月 10 日公布 the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Export Control of 《中华人民共和国核两用品及相关 Dual-use Nuclear Goods and the 技术出口管制条例》,条例从公布 Related Technologies on June 10, 之日起生效。 条例由 23 条正文和附 1998. The Regulations took effect as of the date of promulgation. They consist 件《核两用品及相关技术管制清单》 of 23 articles and the Annex named the 组成。(源自:参考文献[1],p415) Nuclear Dual-Use Items and Related Technologies Export Control List. (From: Reference [1], p415) 。 Note: this set of regulations was revised [73] 注:该条例在 2007 年被修订了 [73] in 2007 . 中华人民共和国主席和俄罗斯联邦 Joint Statement by the 总统关于互不首先使用核武器和互 President of the People's 不将战略核武器瞄准对方的联合声 Republic of China and the President of the Russian 明 Federation on No-First-Use of 【zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó zhǔxí hé éluósī liánbāng zǒngtǒng guānyú Nuclear Weapons and hùbù shǒuxiān shǐyòng héwǔqì hé Detargeting of Strategic hùbù jiāng zhànlüèhéwǔqì miáozhǔn Nuclear Weapons Against Each duìfāng de liánhé shēngmíng】 Other 中间产品【zhōngjiān chǎnpǐn】 intermediate product 中子【zhōngzǐ】 neutrons 中子弹/增强辐射武器 neutron bomb/enhanced 【zhōngzǐdàn zēngqiáng fúshèwǔqì】 radiation weapon

82 A low-yield hydrogen bomb with a 以高能中子为主要毁伤因素,相对 special design utilizing high-energy 减弱冲击波和光辐射效应的一种特 neutrons as its main destructive 殊设计的低威力氢弹。其较确切的 element and relatively reducing its shock wave and thermal radiation 名称是增强辐射武器。(改自:参考文 effects. In a more accurate sense, it is 献[1],p152) called an “enhanced radiation weapon”. (Modified from: Reference [1], p152) 汉 英 重量分析【zhòngliàng fēnxī】 gravimetric analysis 重水【zhòngshuǐ】 heavy water 重水堆【zhòngshuǐduī】 heavy water reactor (HWR) 重水生产厂 heavy water production plant 【zhòngshuǐ shēngchǎnchǎng】 重要核设施【zhòngyào héshèshī】 principal nuclear facility 重要量【zhòngyàoliàng】 significant quantity (SQ) 不能排除制造一枚核爆炸装置可能 The approximate amount of nuclear material for which the possibility of 性的核材料的大致数量。(源自:参 manufacturing a nuclear explosive 考文献[4],3.14) device cannot be excluded. (From: Reference [4], 3.14) 重要设备清单 essential equipment list (EEL) 【zhòngyào shèbèi qīngdān】 重铀酸铵【zhòngyóusuān’ān】 ammonium diuranate 逐步升级论【zhúbù shēngjílùn】 theory of escalation 主动段【zhǔdòngduàn】 powered phase 助爆型原子弹 boosted atomic bomb 【zhùbàoxíng yuánzǐdàn】 贮存设施【zhùcún shèshī】 storage facility 专门视察【zhuānmén shìchá】 special inspection An inspection is deemed to be special: 一种在以下情况下进行的、被认为 when it either is additional to the routine 是很特殊的视察:在 INFIRCIR/153 inspection effort provided for in 协议中第 78-82 段规定的常规视察 paragraphs 78–82 of [IAEA INFCIRC/153], or involves access to 要求之外进行的视察;或者是想通 information or locations in addition to

83 过获取或进入除 INFIRCIR/153 协 the access specified in paragraph 76 of [IAEA INFCIRC/153] for ad hoc and 议中第 76 段特别指明的可以进入 routine inspections, or both. (From: 的信息或场地之外的信息或场地进 Reference [4], 11.13; [15]) 行的特别的和常规的视察;或者以 上两种情况都包括的视察。(源自: 参考文献[4] 11.13;[15]) 汉 转化厂【zhuǎnhuàchǎng】 conversion plant 英 转化时间【zhuǎnhuà shíjiān】 conversion time The time required to convert different 将不同形式的核材料转化成核爆炸 forms of nuclear material to the metallic 装置金属部件所需要的时间。 (源自: components of a nuclear explosive 参考文献[4],3.13) device. (From: Reference [4], 3.13) 转化视察【zhuǎnhuà shìchá】 conversion inspection 转让准则【zhuǎnràng zhǔnzé】 transfer guideline 转用策略/转用途径 diversion strategy/diversion 【zhuǎnyòng cèlüè zhuǎnyòng tújìng】 path 一种(假定的)策略,即某国可能考 A (hypothetical) scheme which a State could consider to divert nuclear material 虑转用国际原子能机构保障监督的 or to misuse items subject to IAEA 核材料或不正当使用国际原子能机 safeguards. Diversion strategies would 构保障监督的物项。转用策略可能 include: the undeclared removal of nuclear material from a safeguarded 包括:从一个受保障监督的设施内 facility or the use of a safeguarded 擅自转移核材料或利用一个受保障 facility for the introduction, production or 监督的核设施引进、生产或处理未 processing of undeclared nuclear 申报的核材料。(源自:参考文献[4], material. (From: Reference [4], 3.7) 3.7) 自持热核燃烧【zìchí rèhé ránshāo】 self-sustaining thermonuclear burn 自发裂变【zìfā lièbiàn】 spontaneous fission 自卫防御核战略 self-defensive nuclear strategy 【zìwèi fángyù hézhànlüè】 Term used officially by China to 中国官方描述其核战略所用的术 describe its nuclear strategy. The strategy takes as its fundamental goal 语。该战略的根本目标是遏制他国 deterring other countries from using or

84 对中国使用或威胁使用核武器。该 threatening to use nuclear weapons against China. It includes an official 战略正式承诺在任何时候、任何情 commitment to a policy of no first use of 况下都不首先使用核武器的政策, nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances. It unconditionally 无条件地承诺不对无核国家和无核 undertakes not to use or threaten to use 地区使用或威胁使用核武器,主张 nuclear weapons against non-nuclear- 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器。该战 weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free 汉 zones, and stands for the comprehen- 英 略坚持自卫反击和有限发展的原 sive prohibition and complete elimina- 则,着眼于建设一支满足国家安全 tion of nuclear weapons. The strategy 需要的精干有效的核力量,确保核 upholds the principles of counterattack in self-defense and limited development 武器的安全性、可靠性,保持核力 of nuclear weapons, and aims at build- 量的战略威慑作用。(改自:参考文献 ing a lean and effective nuclear force [34]) capable of meeting national security needs. It endeavors to ensure the security and reliability of its nuclear weapons and maintains a credible nuclear deterrent force. (Modified from: Reference [34]) 自卫核反击【zìwèi héfǎnjī】 self-defensive nuclear counterattack 在遭受第一次核打击后进行核反 Nuclear counterattack launched after 击。(改自:参考文献[34]) absorbing an opponent’s first nuclear attack. (Modified from: Reference [34]) 自愿提交协定【zìyuàn tíjiāo xiédìng】 voluntary offer agreement 综合国力【zōnghé guólì】 comprehensive national power 钻探取样【zuāntàn qǔyàng】 drilling to obtain radioactive samples 最大核威慑【zuìdà héwēishè】 maximum deterrence A term used in the past by some 部分中国军事学者以前描述一种核 Chinese military scholars to describe a 威慑形式所使用的术语,即用强大 form of deterrence whereby with strong 的核优势为后盾,以大规模使用核 nuclear superiority as support, the threat of a massive nuclear strike is 武器作威胁来威慑对手。(改自:参 used to deter the adversary. (Modified 考文献[18],p359) from: Reference [18], p359) 参见“威慑” Refer to “deterrence”

85 最低核威慑【zuìdī héwēishè】 minimum deterrence Threatening the lowest level of damage 通过威胁使用最少数量的核武器, necessary to prevent attack, with the 产生能够慑止对方攻击所需的最低 fewest number of nuclear weapons 限度的破坏。(源自:参考文献[24],p2) possible. (From: Reference [24], p2) 汉 英

Next: Abbreviations, Chinese Version »
English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $78.00
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

The U.S. National Academies Committee on International Security and Arms Control (CISAC) and the Chinese Scientists Group on Arms Control (CSGAC) of the Chinese People's Association for Peace and Disarmament have jointly produced a Chinese - English English - Chinese Nuclear Security Glossary. This glossary of approximately 1000 terms is built on 20 years of joint discussions on nuclear arms control, nuclear nonproliferation, nuclear energy, and regional security issues and is intended to remove barriers to progress in exchanges and diplomatic, cooperative, or other activities where unambiguous understanding is essential.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!