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21st Century Innovation Systems for Japan and the United States: Lessons from a Decade of Change: Report of a Symposium (2009)
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP)

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. "Reform of Patent System in Japan and Challenges--Sadao Nagaoka." 21st Century Innovation Systems for Japan and the United States: Lessons from a Decade of Change: Report of a Symposium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009.

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21st Century Innovation Systems for Japan and the United States: Lessons from a Decade of Change - Report of a Symposium

Jaffe, Adam B., and Josh Lerner. 2004. Innovation and its Discontents. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Lemley, Mark. 2000. “Rational Ignorance at the Patent Office.” Berkeley Program in Law and Economics Working Paper Series No. 19.

Lerner, Joshua, and Jean Tirole. 2004. “Efficiency of Patent Pools.” American Economic Review 94(3):691-711.

Merges, Robert P. 1996. “A Comparative Look at Intellectual Property Rights and the Software Industry” in David C. Mowery, ed., The International Software Industry, New York: Oxford University Press.

Merges, Robert P. 1999. “As Many as Six Impossible Patents before Breakfast: Property Rights for Business Concepts and Patent System Reform.” Berkeley Technology Law Journal.

National Research Council. 2005. A Patent System for the 21st Century, Merrill Stephen A., Richard C. Levin, and Mark B. Myers, eds. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.

Nagaoka Sadao. 2005. “How Does Priority Rule Work? Evidence from the Patent Examination Records in Japan.” A Paper Presented for Patent Statistics and Innovation Research Workshop, November 25. Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo.

Nagaoka, Sadao. 2007. “Assessing the R&D Management of Firms by Patent Citation: Evidence from the U.S. Patents.” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 16(1).

Nagaoka, Sadao, Naotoshi Tsukada, and Tomoyuki Shimbo. 2006. “The Emergence and Structure of Essential Patents of Standards: Lessons from Three IT standards.” IIR Working Paper WP#06-08. Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University. (Forthcoming in the Conference volume of 2006 International Schumpeter Society Conference.)

Scotchmer, Suzanne. 1996. “Protecting Early Innovators: Should Second-Generation Products Be Patentable?” RAND Journal of Economics 27:322-331.

Scotchmer, Suzanne. 2004. Innovation and Incentives. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Shapiro, Carl. 2001. “Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross License, Patent Pools and Standard-Setting.” In Adam Jaffe, Joshua Lerner, and Scott Stern, eds. Innovation Policy and the Economy. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

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Front Matter (R1-R18)
I INTRODUCTION (1-2)
Introduction: The Chrysanthemum Meets the Eagle: The Co-evolution of Innovation Policies in Japan and the United States--Sadao Nagaoka and Kenneth Flamm (3-18)
II OVERVIEW (19-20)
Overview--Sadao Nagaoka, Kenneth Flamm, and Masayuki Kondo (21-26)
III SYMPOSIUM PAPERS (27-28)
Technology Policies in Japan: 1990 to the Present--Akira Goto and Kazuyuki Motohashi (29-39)
Reform of University Research System in Japan: Where Do They Stand?--Ryuji Shimoda (40-56)
Government's Evolving Role in Supporting Corporate R&D in the United States: Theory, Practice, and Results in the Advanced Technology Program--Stephanie Shipp and Marc Stanley (57-76)
Government Programs to Encourage Innovation by Startups & SMEs: The Role of Innovation Awards--Charles W. Wessner (77-94)
Programs to Stimulate Startups and Entrepreneurship in Japan: Experiences and Lessons--Takehiko Yasuda (95-107)
Economic Impacts of International R&D Coordination: SEMATECH and the International Technology Roadmap--Kenneth Flamm (108-125)
Semiconductor Consortia in Japan: Experiences and Lessons for the Future--Shuzo Fujimura (126-137)
Issues in and Possible Reforms of the U.S. Patent System--Bronwyn H. Hall (138-152)
Reform of Patent System in Japan and Challenges--Sadao Nagaoka (153-168)
Industry-University R&D Partnerships in the United States--Irwin Feller (169-185)
University-Industry Partnerships in Japan--Masayuki Kondo (186-205)
The Connected Science Model for Innovation - The DARPA Role--William B. Bonvillian (206-237)
Public-Private Linkage in Biomedical Research in Japan: Lessons of the 1990s--Yosuke Okada, Kenta Nakamura, and Akira Tohei (238-250)
IV APPENDIXES (251-252)
Appendix A: Symposium Agenda (253-259)
Appendix B: Bibliography (260-284)