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Abbreviations ACS: American Cancer Society APEX: Air Pollutants Exposure CAA: U.S. Clean Air Act CAIR: Clean Air Implementation Rule CASAC: Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (of EPA) CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (of DHHS) CHAD: Consolidated Human Activity Database CMS: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (of DHHS) CMAQ: Community Multiscale Air Quality DHHS: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services DOT: U.S. Department of Transportation EC: elemental carbon EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ExternE: European Union program to estimate the mortality impacts of exposure to ozone and to value those impacts. FDA: U.S. Food and Drug Administration (of DHHS) FMCSA: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (of DOT) NAAQS: National Ambient Air Quality Standard NHTSA: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (of DOT) NO: nitric oxide NO2: nitrogen dioxide NOx: oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2) O2: diatomic oxygen OH: hydroxyl radical OP: oxygenated organic product OMB: U.S. Office of Management and Budget PM: particulate matter PM2.5: particulate matter with aerodynamic equivalent diameter of no more than 2.5 µm (microns) PM10: particulate matter with aerodynamic equivalent diameter of no more than 10 µm RIA: regulatory impacts analysis 204
Abbreviations 205 QALY: quality-adjusted life-years ROS: reactive oxygen species SAB: Science Advisory Board (of EPA) SIP: state implementation plan SO2: sulfur dioxide SOA: secondary organic aerosol VOC: volatile organic compound VSL: value of a statistical life VSLY: value of a statistical life-year WTA: willingness to accept compensation WTP: willingness to pay