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2008 Amendments to the National Academies' Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research (2008)

Chapter: Appendix C: Committee Biographical Sketches

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. 2008 Amendments to the National Academies' Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12260.
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Page 47
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. 2008 Amendments to the National Academies' Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12260.
×
Page 48
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. 2008 Amendments to the National Academies' Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12260.
×
Page 49
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. 2008 Amendments to the National Academies' Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12260.
×
Page 50
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. 2008 Amendments to the National Academies' Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12260.
×
Page 51
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. 2008 Amendments to the National Academies' Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12260.
×
Page 52
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. 2008 Amendments to the National Academies' Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12260.
×
Page 53
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Committee Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. 2008 Amendments to the National Academies' Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12260.
×
Page 54

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Appendix C Committee Biographical Sketches COCHAIRS R. Alta Charo, JD, is the Warren P. Knowles Professor of Law and Bioethics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, on the faculties of both the Law School and the Medical School. In 2006, she was Visiting Professor of Law the University of California, Berkeley Boalt Hall School of Law. Professor Charo is the author of nearly 100 articles, book chapters, and government reports on such topics as voting rights, environmental law, family planning and abortion law, medical genetics law, reproductive technology policy, sci- ence policy, and medical ethics. Professor Charo is a member of the boards of the Alan Guttmacher Institute and the Foundation for Genetic Medicine, a member of the National Medical Advisory Committee of the Planned Par- enthood Federation of America, and a member of the ethics advisory boards of the International Society for Stem Cell Research, the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, and WiCell. In 2005, she was appointed to the ethics standards working group of the California Institute for Regenerative Medi- cine and was elected a fellow of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. In 1994, Professor Charo served on the National Institutes of Health Human Embryo Research Panel; and from 1996 to 2001, she was a member of the presidential National Bioethics Advisory Commission and participated in drafting its reports Cloning Human Beings (1997), Research Involving Persons with Mental Disorders That May Affect Decisionmaking Capacity (1998), Research Involving Human Biological Materials: Ethical Issues and Policy Guidance (1999), Ethical Issues in Human Stem Cell Research (1999), Ethical and Policy Issues in International Research: Clini- cal Trials in Developing Countries (2001), and Ethical and Policy Issues in Research Involving Human Participants (2001). She was a member of the National Academies’ Board on Life Sciences from 2001 until 2007 and since 2006 has been a member of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Board on 47

48 Appendix C Population Health and Public Health Practices. Professor Charo was elected to IOM in 2006. Richard O. Hynes, PhD, is the Daniel K. Ludwig Professor for Cancer Re- search at the David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology at MIT and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. He was formerly head of the Biology Department and then director of the Center for Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His research focuses on fibronectins and integrins and the molecular basis of cellular adhesion, both in normal development and in pathological situations, such as cancer, thrombosis, and inflammation. Dr. Hynes’s current interests are cancer invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and animal models of human disease states. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine and is a fellow of the Royal Society of London and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1997, he received the Gairdner International Foundation Award. In 2000, he served as president of the American Society for Cell Biology and testi- fied before Congress about the need for federal support and oversight of embryonic stem cell research. He cochaired the 2005 National Academies Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research and is a governor of the Wellcome Trust, UK. MEMBERS Eli Y. Adashi, MD, MS, FACOG, is professor of medical science and the former dean of medicine and biological sciences and the Frank L. Day Pro- fessor of Biology at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. Previously, Dr. Adashi served as the professor and chair of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Utah Health Sciences Center. Dr. Adashi is a member of the Institute of Medicine, a member of the Associa- tion of American Physicians, and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Adashi is a former member of the Advisory Council of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and a former president of the Society for Reproductive Endocrinologists, the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, and the American Gynecological and Obstetrical Society. Dr. Adashi is also a former examiner and director of the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology of the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology. He is a founding member and treasurer and more recently chair of the advisory committee of the Geneva-based Bertarelli Foundation,

Appendix C 49 dedicated to promoting the welfare of the infertile couple and to addressing the current “epidemic” of high-order multiple gestations. Brigid L.M. Hogan, PhD, is the George Barth Geller Professor and chair of the Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center. Before joining Duke, Dr. Hogan was an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medi- cal Institute and Hortense B. Ingram Professor in the Department of Cell Biology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Dr. Hogan earned her PhD in biochemistry at the University of Cambridge. She was then a postdoc- toral fellow in the Department of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Before moving to the United States in 1988, Dr. Hogan was head of the Molecular Embryology Laboratory at the National Institute for Medical Research in London. Her research focuses on the genetic control of embryonic development and morphogenesis, using the mouse as a model system. Her laboratory developed methods for deriving mouse pluripotential embryonic germ cell lines. She was cochair for science of the 1994 National Institutes of Health Human Embryo Research Panel and a member of the 2001-2002 National Academies Panel on Scientific and Medical Aspects of Human Cloning. Within the last few years, Dr. Hogan has been elected to the Royal Society of London, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Academy of Sciences. Marcia Imbrescia is the owner of Peartree Design, a landscape design firm, and was previously the media director for Drumbeater, a high-technology advertising agency. She holds BA degrees in marketing and journalism and a graduate certificate in landscape design. Ms. Imbrescia has a passion for health advocacy and helping people with illness and disability. She is a mem- ber of the Board of Trustees of the Arthritis Foundation (AF), for which she has participated as a volunteer at the chapter and national levels. She served as a member (1996-1998 and 2001) and chairperson (2002-2003) of AF’s American Juvenile Arthritis Organization. In 1992, she received the Volun- teer of the Year Award from the Massachusetts Chapter of AF. Her volunteer efforts include program development, conference planning, public speaking, fundraising, and advocacy. She served on the National Academies Committee on Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research in 2004-2005. Terry Magnuson, PhD, is Sarah Graham Kenan Professor and chair of the Department of Genetics at the University of North Carolina. He also directs the Carolina Center for Genome Sciences and is the program director of can- cer genetics at the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. Dr. Magnuson’s

50 Appendix C research interests include mammalian genetics, genomics, and development. His laboratory has developed a high-throughput system to study the effects of mutations on mouse development with mouse embryonic stem cells. He is particularly interested in the role of chromatin remodeling complexes in such processes as autosomal imprinting, X-inactivation, and anterior-pos- terior patterning of axial structures in mammals. He is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and was a member of the Board of Directors of the Genetics Society of America and of the Society for Developmental Biology. Linda B. Miller, OTR, MS in hospital administration, is president of the Washington, DC–based Volunteer Trustees Foundation, a consortium of not- for-profit hospital governing boards. She has extensive experience in trustee education, advocacy, and the legal, ethical, and policy issues facing voluntary health care institutions. Recently, she has worked closely with the states’ attorneys general in developing guidelines for protecting the community interest in the sale and conversion of nonprofit hospitals and in designing models for practice and legal oversight. She was elected to membership in the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 1997. Ms. Miller has been a frequent speaker on health-policy issues and has been published extensively in both the medical and popular press, includ- ing the New England Journal of Medicine, Health Affairs, USA Today, the Washington Post, and the New York Times. She served as a special assistant to the secretary of health, education, and welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services) and on numerous health-related policy coun- cils and advisory committees, including the National Institutes of Health’s Consensus Panel on Liver Transplantation and, most recently, IOM’s Com- mittee on Spinal Cord Injury. Ms. Miller serves on the Advisory Board of the University of Louisville–based Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, headed by Suzanne Ildstad, which does research in adult bone marrow transplanta- tion, and has been a member of several academic and health-care institu- tions’ boards of governors, including those of Blythedale Children’s Hospital in New York, Capital Hospice in the national capital region, and Cornell University’s Alumni Council. Jonathan D. Moreno, PhD, is the David and Lyn Silfen University Professor and professor of medical ethics and of the history and sociology of science at the University of Pennsylvania. He is also a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress. Until 2007, he was the Emily Davie and Joseph S. Kornfeld Professor of Biomedical Ethics at the University of Virginia, where

Appendix C 51 he also directed the Center for Biomedical Ethics. Dr. Moreno is a member of the Institute of Medicine. He is also a bioethics adviser for the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, a faculty affiliate of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown University, and a fellow of the Hastings Center. During 1995- 1996, he was senior policy and research analyst for the President’s Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments; and during 1998-2000, he was a senior consultant for the National Bioethics Advisory Commission. He cochaired the 2005 National Academies Committee on Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research and is a consultant to the Ethical, Social and Cultural Program of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenges in Global Health initiative for ethical and regulatory issues re- lated to stem cell research in China. Pilar N. Ossorio, PhD, JD, is associate professor of law and bioethics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and program faculty in the Graduate Program in Population Health at the university. Before taking her position there, she was director of the Genetics Section of the Institute for Ethics at the American Medical Association and taught as an adjunct faculty member at the University of Chicago Law School. For the 2006 calendar year, Profes- sor Ossorio was a visiting professor of law at the University of California, Berkeley Boalt Hall School of Law. Dr. Ossorio received her PhD in microbiology and immunology in 1990 from Stanford University. She went on to complete a postdoctoral fellowship in cell biology at Yale University School of Medicine. Throughout the early 1990s, Dr. Ossorio worked as a consultant for the federal program on the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) of the Human Genome Project; in 1994, she took a full-time position with the Department of Energy’s ELSI program. In 1993, she served on the Ethics Working Group for President Clinton’s Health Care Reform Task Force. Dr. Ossorio received her JD from the Boalt Hall School of Law in 1997. While there, she was elected to the legal honor society Order of the Coif and received several awards for out- standing legal scholarship. Dr. Ossorio is a fellow of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science (AAAS), on the Editorial Board of the American Journal of Bioethics, an adviser to the National Human Genome Research Institute on ethical issues in large-scale sequencing, and a member of the University of Wisconsin’s institutional review board for health-sciences research. She is a past member of AAAS’s Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibil- ity, a past member of the National Cancer Policy Board in the Institute of Medicine, and a past member or chair of several working groups on genet-

52 Appendix C ics and ethics. She has published scholarly articles in bioethics, law, and molecular biology. E. Albert Reece, MD, PhD, MBA, is dean of the University of Maryland School of Medicine and vice president for medical affairs at the University of Maryland, Baltimore. Previously, he was vice chancellor and dean of the University of Arkansas College of Medicine. Dr. Reece received his under- graduate degree from Long Island University, his MD (Magna Cum Laude) from New York University, his PhD in biochemistry from the University of the West Indies, and his MBA from the Fox School of Business and Manage- ment of Temple University. He completed a residency in obstetrics and gy- necology at Columbia University–Presbyterian Hospital and a fellowship in maternal-fetal medicine at Yale University School of Medicine. He served on the faculty at Yale for 10 years and was the chairman of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at Temple University. Dr. Reece has published over 400 journal articles, book chapters, and abstracts and nine textbooks, including Diabetes in Pregnancy, Medicine of the Fetus & Mother, and Fundamentals of Obstetric & Gynecologic Ultrasound. He is an editor for the Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and a reviewer for several other scientific journals. His research focuses on diabetes in preg- nancy, birth defects, and prenatal diagnosis. Dr. Reece is a member of the Institute of Medicine. Joshua R. Sanes, PhD, is professor of molecular and cellular biology and the Paul J. Finnegan Family Director of the Center for Brain Science at Harvard University. He was previously Alumni Endowed Professor of Neurobiol- ogy at the Washington University School of Medicine. Dr. Sanes earned a BA in biochemistry and psychology at Yale and a PhD in Neurobiology at Harvard. He studies the formation of the synapses that interconnect nerve cells, including pioneering work on the signals exchanged between nerve cells and their target muscles as new connections are made. He is also using the vertebrate visual system to examine how nerve cells develop and migrate to the right location in the body. He was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1992 and a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2002. Harold T. Shapiro, PhD, is president emeritus of both Princeton University and the University of Michigan and is currently professor of economics and public affairs at Princeton University. His research interests include bioethics, the social role of higher education, hospital and medical-center administra-

Appendix C 53 tion, university administration, econometrics, statistics, and economics. Dr. Shapiro chairs the Board of Trustees of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, is presiding director for the Dow Chemical Company, and is a member of nu- merous boards, including the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, HCA, the Merck Vaccine Advisory Board, the Knight Foundation Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics, the U.S. Olympic Committee, and the Stem Cell Institute of New Jersey. He is a former chair of the Association of American Universities and the National Bioethics Advisory Committee and vice chair of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. He has also served on the Board of Directors of the National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. and the Board of Trustees of the Universities Research As- sociation, Inc. He has chaired and served on numerous National Academies committees, including the Committee on the Organizational Structure of the National Institutes of Health and the Committee on Particle Physics. Dr. Shapiro was named the 2006 American Association for the Advancement of Science William D. Carey Lecturer for his leadership in science policy. He earned a PhD in economics from Princeton University and holds 14 honor- ary doctorates. John E. Wagner, Jr., MD, is a professor of pediatrics at the University of Minnesota Medical School. He is the first recipient of the Children’s Cancer Research Fund/Hageboeck Family Chair in Pediatric Oncology and also holds the Variety Club Endowed Chair in Molecular and Cellular Therapy. He is the director of the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation and scientific director of clinical research of the Stem Cell Institute. Dr. Wagner is a member of numerous societies, including the American Society of Hematology, the International Society of Experimental Hematology, and the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. He is a member of several honorary societies, including Alpha Omega Alpha (1980), the American Society of Clinical Investigation (2000), and the Association of American Physicians (2006). Dr. Wagner holds a patent on the isolation of the pluripotential quiescent stem cell popu- lation. Dr. Wagner holds a BA in biological sciences and a BA in psychology from the University of Delaware and an MD from Jefferson Medical Col- lege. Dr. Wagner’s research has focused on the development of novel cellular therapies for tissue repair and suppression of the immune response using subpopulations of neonatal umbilical cord blood and adult bone marrow and peripheral blood. His projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health and industry. In addition, Dr. Wagner pioneered the use of embryo selection to “create” a perfectly tissue-matched stem cell donor for the treat-

54 Appendix C ment of genetic disease. Dr. Wagner has written more than 180 articles and book chapters on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. He cochairs the Graft Sources and Manipulation Working Committee of the Center for Inter- national Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), serves on the Scientific Board of Directors of the National Marrow Donor Program, and is a member of the Scientific and Medical Accountability Standards Working Group of the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine. Dr. Wagner has previously served as a member of the Institute of Medicine’s Committee on Establishing a National Cord Blood Stem Cell Banking Program.

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In 2005, the National Academies released the report Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, which offered a common set of ethical standards for a field that, due to the absence of comprehensive federal funding, was lacking national standards for research.

In order to keep the Guidelines up to date, given the rapid pace of scientific developments in the field of stem cell research, the Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Advisory Committee was established in 2006 with support from The Ellison Medical Foundation, The Greenwall Foundation, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

As it did in 2007, the Committee identified issues that warranted revision, and this book addresses those issues in a second set of amendments. Most importantly, this book addresses new scientific developments in reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency by adding a new section and revising other relevant sections of the Guidelines.

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