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OCR for page 48
An Initial Review of Microgravity
Research in Support of
Human Exploration and Development of Space
Appendix: Glossary
Atomic clock frequencies A clock whose timing is governed by the natural
resonance of atoms or certain molecules
Atom trap Spatial localizations of an atom by interaction with a laser beam
Beneficiation Process of transforming raw materials into more concentrated or
beneficial forms
Bioreactor system A cell culture device that permits cell and tissue culturing in
suspension and is designed to allow a fluid flow that results in a low-stress
1
environment with minimal shearing of cell aggregates; the rotating-wall, perfused
2
vessel bioreactor developed by NASA consists of two concentric cylinders, the
3
innermost of which is permeable and can be used to replenish nutrients and adjust
4
growth conditions in the culture chamber, which is between the cylinders
Cell culture/tissue culture The in vitro growth of cells and tissue masses in a
nutrient solution or gel
CFD Computational fluid dynamics
Coriolis force In a rotating system, a force proportional to the angular velocity
Endothelial cells Cells that line the blood vessels; excessive proliferation of these
cells can lead to reduced blood flow
OCR for page 49
Extracellular matrix Proteins that are produced by cells and are deposited outside
the cell; these proteins often form the physical basis for cell adherence and
migration in a tissue
Film bearing A bearing in which forces are transmitted through thin but continuous
fluid films (gas or liquid) that separate solid machine components
G-jitter High-frequency acceleration spectrum
Gel electrophoresis A process used to separate molecules by subjecting them to
an electric current
Heat pipe A container of two-phase fluid used to transfer heat efficiently
Heat sink A reservoir to absorb thermal energy
HEDS Human Exploration and Development of Space
ISRU In situ resource utilization
ISS International Space Station
LPS Liquid phase sintering
LSD Life Sciences Division (NASA)
Marangoni force Surface tension-driven force
MRD Microgravity Research Division (NASA)
NRA NASA Research Announcement
NRC National Research Council
Organelles Small intracellular compartments and structures within the cell, e.g.,
mitochondria
Quantum oscillator Frequency associated with electron transitions in atoms
STEP Satellite Test of the Equivalence Principle
van der Waals forces Short-range attractive intermolecular forces
