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Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
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OCR for page 14
An Assessment of the Solar and Space Physics Aspects of NASA's Space Science Enterprise Strategic Plan (Appendix)
An Assessment of the
Solar and Space Physics Aspects of
NASA's Space Science Enterprise Strategic Plan
APPENDIX
Glossary
ACE: Advanced Composition Explorer, whose objective is to
determine and compare the elemental and isotopic composition
of several distinct samples of matter, including the solar corona,
the interplanetary medium, the local interstellar medium, and
MENU
galactic matter. The mission is scheduled for launch in 1997.
NOTICE
MEMBERSHIP Cassini: A major Saturn orbiter mission scheduled for launch in October
REPORT 1997. Upon arrival at Saturn in 2004, it will deploy the ESA's
APPENDIX Huygens Titan atmospheric probe and will conduct complex,
multidisciplinary observations of the planet's atmosphere, rings,
magnetosphere, and satellites.
Cluster: A four-spacecraft ESA mission built in collaboration with
NASA that was lost during an aborted launch attempt of the
Ariane-5. Cluster would have made 4-point identical particle
and field measurements to allow separation of spatial and
temporal structure in the high-latitude magnetosphere. A Cluster
replacement mission is currently under study.
CSSP: Committee on Solar and Space Physics, a standing committee of
the Space Studies Board of the National Research Council
CSTR: Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Research, a standing committee
of the Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate of the
National Research Council.
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An Assessment of the Solar and Space Physics Aspects of NASA's Space Science Enterprise Strategic Plan (Appendix)
ESA: European Space Agency
Explorer: A continuing line of highly focused and low- to moderate-cost
astrophysics/space physics missions that includes three mission
classes, in order of decreasing size and cost: MIDEX, SMEX,
and STEDI
FAST: Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer, a SMEX mission for space
physics
Flare Genesis: A suborbital, long-duration balloon program focused on the
study of developing solar active regions
Galileo: A major Jupiter orbiter mission, launched aboard the space
shuttle Atlantis in October 1989. When it reached Jupiter in
December 1995, it deployed an atmospheric entry probe and
then conducted complex, multidisciplinary observations of the
planet's atmosphere, rings, magnetosphere, and satellites.
Geotail: Japan's contribution to the ISTP mission set, this spacecraft is in
a highly elliptical low-inclination orbit that probes the deep
magnetotail region of Earth's magnetosphere. NASA
participates in this mission through science, instrumentation,
and management contributions.
GGS: Global Geospace Science program. The U.S. contribution to
ISTP, this program includes the Wind and Polar spacecraft
provided by NASA.
HESI: High-energy solar imager, a concept for a mission envisioned as
a possible solar-terrestrial probe focused on the study of solar
flares
IMAGE: The Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration is
a MIDEX-class mission selected by NASA in 1996 that will
provide the first-ever global images of key regions of Earth's
magnetosphere as it responds to variations in the solar wind.
IMAGE will use three different experimental techniques to
carry out its mission: radio sounding, ultraviolet imaging, and
neutral atom imaging (neutral atom imagers detect neutral atoms
created from magnetospheric ions via the process of charge
exchange).
Interstellar Probe: A concept for a mission that would explore the outer
heliosphere and beyond
ISTP: International Solar-Terrestrial Physics program, a multination
space physics mission and ground-based research activity
focused on understanding the energy flow from the Sun to
Earth's magnetosphere and upper atmosphere. GGS is the U.S.
contribution to the ISTP program.
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An Assessment of the Solar and Space Physics Aspects of NASA's Space Science Enterprise Strategic Plan (Appendix)
MI: Magnetospheric imager, a concept for a solar-terrestrial probe
mission that would use new techniques to provide the first
moving images of changes in Earth's magnetosphere as it
responds to highly variable injections of plasma from the Sun.
MI will observe emissions of energetic neutral atoms and
extreme and far ultraviolet photons to produce simultaneous
images of various components of the magnetosphere.
MIDEX: Mid-size Explorer, intended to provide research opportunities in
the areas of astrophysics and space physics. Plans call for about
one MIDEX mission to be launched per year, with development
cost capped at no more that $70 million (FY1994 dollars) each,
excluding the costs of the launch vehicle and mission operations
and data analysis. Mission operations are expected to be
completed within 2 years.
NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
OSS: Office of Space Science (NASA)
Pluto Express: A mission to conduct the first reconnaissance of Pluto and its
large moon Charon with low-mass flyby spacecraft, will use
advanced technologies and is intended to serve as a pathfinder
for low-cost exploration of the outer solar system. The mission,
planned for 2003, will complete the exploration of the last
unvisited planet and address fundamental questions about the
origin of the solar system.
Polar: Polar is the second to be launched of the two NASA spacecrafts
in the GGS program, which is the U.S. contribution to ISTP.
The Polar spacecraft is measuring the entry, energization, and
transport of plasma into the magnetosphere and the global
energy deposition into the upper atmosphere. It is also being
used to investigate the output of plasma from the ionosphere to
the magnetosphere. Polar was launched on February 24, 1996.
Rosetta-Champollion: An approved ESA mission, scheduled for launch in January
2003, to rendezvous with a comet by means of an ESA orbiter
spacecraft and two surface science packages. NASA
participation will include the provision of one surface science
package, Champollion (in cooperation with Centre National
d'Etudes Spatiales and possibly other partners); instruments for
the surface science package and orbiter; and mission support.
SAMPEX: Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer, the
first of NASA's SMEX missions. SAMPEX observations are
providing information on the cosmic abundances of elements
and their isotopes, the composition of the local intersteller gas,
the solar composition and the mechanisms responsible for solar
atmospheric heating, and electron energy injection into the
Earth's upper atmosphere.
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An Assessment of the Solar and Space Physics Aspects of NASA's Space Science Enterprise Strategic Plan (Appendix)
SMEX: NASA's small explorer program provides frequent flight
opportunities for highly focused and relatively inexpensive
spacecraft weighing 180 to 250 kg. Each mission is expected to
cost approximately $50 million for design, development, and
operations through the first 30 days in orbit.
SNOE: Student Nitric Oxide Explorer. Part of the STEDI program,
SNOE is a small scientific spacecraft designed for launch on an
ultralight expendable launch vehicle. The scientific goals of
SNOE include (1) measurement of nitric oxide density in the
lower thermosphere (90 to 200 km) and (2) analysis of the
energy inputs from the Sun and magnetosphere that create nitric
oxide and cause its abundance to vary dramatically.
SOHO: Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. An ESA mission with
NASA involvement, SOHO will contribute to helioseismology
and heliospheric research. SOHO was launched in November
1995.
Solar-terrestrial probe: Proposed series of small spacecraft missions dedicated to solar
and space physics. The first such missions would include
TIMED, HESI, and MI.
Space station: A large, Earth-orbiting crewed platform planned by NASA with
substantial international involvement. The space station is
expected to be deployed in the early years of the new
millennium.
STEDI: Student Explorer Demonstration Initiative, the smallest of the
Explorer missions. The STEDI program is designed to involve
students intensively in the design, building, and operation of
small spacecraft. At a cost of less than $10 million each, STEDI
missions are the next step up in mission capability from a
sounding rocket and are nominally to be launched on Pegasus
vehicles.
TERRIERS: Tomographic Experiment using Radiative Recombinative
Ionospheric Extreme-ultraviolet and Radio Sources (a terrier is
also the mascot of Boston University, which is the host
university for this STEDI mission). The TERRIERS spacecraft
will make daily global measurements of Earth's ionosphere and
thermosphere.
TIMED: Thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere energetics and dynamics
mission. A concept for a solar-terrestrial probe focused on
measuring the energy inputs to the upper atmosphere and their
variations.
TRACE: Transition Region and Coronal Explorer, a SMEX mission
scheduled for launch in late 1997 that will observe the Sun to
study the connection between its magnetic fields and the heating
of the Sun's corona.
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An Assessment of the Solar and Space Physics Aspects of NASA's Space Science Enterprise Strategic Plan (Appendix)
Ulysses: A joint NASA and ESA mission to explore the heliosphere over
the full range of solar latitudes and to provide an accurate
assessment of the total solar environment. Ulysses has
completed its first solar polar pass and is in the process of its
second. It has provided evidence of a dramatically different
heliospheric environment that exists away from the ecliptic
plane.
Wind: A spacecraft focused on the measurement of the solar wind
upstream of Earth's magnetosphere, designed to provide
information on the prevailing interplanetary conditions during
the ISTP program. Wind and Polar are part of the GGS program,
NASA's contribution to ISTP.
Last update 4/21/00 at 12:22 pm
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