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OCR for page R1
Review of NASA's Planned Mars Program
Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration
Space Studies Board
Commission on Physical Sciences,
Mathematics, and Applications
National Research Council
Notice
Membership
Executive Summary
Introduction
1.
Scientific Goals for the Exploration of Mars
2.
Overview of Mars Surveyor and Other Mars Missions
3.
Key Issues for NASA's Mars Exploration Program
4.
Assessment of the Scientific Potential of NASA's Mars Exploration
5.
OCR for page R2
Planned Mars Program
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the
Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn
from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of
Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee
responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with
regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to
procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the
National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the
Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society
of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated
to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general
welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the
Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on
scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the National
Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter
of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding
engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its
members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for
advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also
sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages
education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers.
Dr. William A. Wulf is interim president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of
Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in
the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute
acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its
congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own
OCR for page R3
initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I.
Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of
Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with
the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal
government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the
Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the
National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in
providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering
communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the
Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and
interim vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
Support for this project was provided by Contract NASW 4627 between the
National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
Cover: Diagram of the Mars Surveyor program's 1998 Mars lander. (Courtesy of
the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.)
Copies of this report are available from:
Space Studies Board
National Research Council
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20418
Copyright 1996 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Copyright © 2004. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. 500 Fifth St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20001.
OCR for page R4
Review of NASA's Planned Mars Program
Membership
COMMITTEE ON PLANETARY AND LUNAR EXPLORATION
JOSEPH A. BURNS,* Cornell University, Chair
RONALD GREELEY, Arizona State University, Successor Chair
JAMES ARNOLD, University of California, San Diego
FRANCES BAGENAL, University of Colorado
JEFFREY R. BARNES, Oregon State University
GEOFFREY A. BRIGGS,* NASA Ames Research Center
MICHAEL H. CARR,* U.S. Geological Survey
PHILIP R. CHRISTENSEN, Arizona State University
RUSSELL DOOLITTLE, University of California, San Diego
JAMES L. ELLIOT,* Massachusetts Institute of Technology
HEIDI HAMMEL, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
JOHN F. KERRIDGE,* University of California, San Diego
BARRY H. MAUK,* Applied Physics Laboratory
GEORGE McGILL, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
WILLIAM B. McKINNON,* Washington University
HARRY McSWEEN, University of Tennessee
TED ROUSH, San Francisco State University
JOHN RUMMEL, Marine Biological Laboratory
GERALD SCHUBERT, University of California, Los Angeles
EUGENE SHOEMAKER, Lowell Observatory
DARRELL F. STROBEL, Johns Hopkins University
ALAN T. TOKUNAGA, University of Hawaii
ROGER YELLE, Boston University
MARIA T. ZUBER, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Staff
DAVID H. SMITH, Study Director
ALTORIA B. ROSS, Senior Program Assistant
OCR for page R5
*Term expired in 1995.
SPACE STUDIES BOARD
CLAUDE R. CANIZARES, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chair
JOHN A. ARMSTRONG, IBM Corporation (retired)
JAMES P. BAGIAN, Environmental Protection Agency
DANIEL N. BAKER, University of Colorado
LAWRENCE BOGORAD, Harvard University
DONALD E. BROWNLEE, University of Washington
JOSEPH A. BURNS,* Cornell University
JOHN J. DONEGAN, John Donegan Associates, Inc.
ANTHONY W. ENGLAND, University of Michigan
DANIEL J. FINK, D.J. Fink Associates, Inc.
MARTIN E. GLICKSMAN, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
RONALD GREELEY, Arizona State University
BILL GREEN, former member, U.S. House of Representatives
HAROLD J. GUY,* University of California, San Diego
NOEL W. HINNERS, Lockheed Martin Astronautics
JANET G. LUHMANN, University of California, Berkeley
JOHN H. McELROY, University of Texas, Arlington
ROBERTA BALSTAD MILLER, Consortium for International Earth Sciences
Information Networks
BERRIEN MOORE III, University of New Hampshire
MARY JANE OSBORN, University of Connecticut Health Center
SIMON OSTRACH, Case Western Reserve University
CARLÉ M. PIETERS, Brown University
JUDITH PIPHER,* University of Rochester
MARCIA J. RIEKE, University of Arizona
ROLAND SCHMITT, Clifton Park, New York
JOHN A. SIMPSON, University of Chicago
ARTHUR B.C. WALKER, JR.,* Stanford University
ROBERT E. WILLIAMS, Space Telescope Science Institute
MARC S. ALLEN, Director
*Former member.
COMMISSION ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, AND
APPLICATIONS
ROBERT J. HERMANN, United Technologies Corporation, Chair
PETER M. BANKS, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan
SYLVIA T. CEYER, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
L. LOUIS HEGEDUS, North Bethesda, Maryland
JOHN E. HOPCROFT, Cornell University
RHONDA J. HUGHES, Bryn Mawr College
OCR for page R6
Space Studies Board
SHIRLEY A. JACKSON, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
KENNETH I. KELLERMANN, National Radio Astronomy Observatory
KEN KENNEDY, Rice University
THOMAS A. PRINCE, California Institute of Technology
JEROME SACKS, National Institute for Statistical Sciences
L.E. SCRIVEN, University of Minnesota
LEON T. SILVER, California Institute of Technology
CHARLES P. SLICHTER, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
ALVIN W. TRIVELPIECE, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
SHMUEL WINOGRAD, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
CHARLES A. ZRAKET, The MITRE Corporation (retired)
NORMAN METZGER, Executive Director
.
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