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NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
June 18, 2004 Current Operating Status
On Scientific Assessment of NASA's Solar System
Exploration Roadmap
Membership Report
On August 23, 1996, Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration Chair Ronald
Greeley and Space Studies Board Chair Claude R. Canizares sent the following
letter report to NASA Science Program Director for Solar System Exploration
Jurgen Rahe.
In your letter of March 26, 1996, you requested that the Committee on Planetary
and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX) assess NASA's Solar System Exploration
Roadmap 1s and report on the degree to which the Roadmap is responsive to the
scientific priorities outlined in past National Research Council (NRC) reports.
COMPLEX understands that you need this assessment by September 1, 1996,
because the Roadmap is an integral part of a new solar system exploration
strategic plan to be developed by NASA this fall.
As you requested, the assessment was conducted at COMPLEX's June 24-28,
1996, meeting held at the National Academies' Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center.
The assessment was based on material sent to committee members for review
prior to the meeting, extensive briefings by Dr. Larry Soderblom of the Roadmap
development team, and subsequent discussions in executive session throughout
the week of the meeting.
COMPLEX finds the goals and objectives set forth in the Roadmap to be generally
consistent with the recommendations and priorities contained in past NRC reports,
including An Integrated Strategy for the Planetary Sciences: 1995-2010 ,2 The
Search for Life's Origins: Progress and Future Directions in Planetary Biology and
Chemical Evolution, 3 and Origin and Evolution of Life—Implications for the
Planets: A Scientific Strategy for the 1980s. 4 Moreover, the fact that the Roadmap
was developed jointly by scientists and technologists is a strength consistent with
recommendations in the 1995 NRC report Managing the Space Sciences. 5
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COMPLEX's general assessment of the Roadmap is that it outlines a rich and
ambitious program of planetary exploration through the year 2012. In particular,
COMPLEX commends the Roadmap development team for adopting an approach
to planetary exploration advocated by the Integrated Strategy, that is,
systematically addressing key physical and chemical processes rather than taking
the more traditional approach of cataloging and classifying planetary bodies.
It is, however, important for the Roadmap's scientific objectives to be brought into
sharper focus with some indication of priorities for study and critical measurements
to be made. Although COMPLEX recognizes that NASA committees will be
charged with identifying priority mission sets, it notes that the Roadmap, in its
current form, provides no obvious framework within which such priorities can be
set. COMPLEX also notes that the Integrated Strategy's highest priorities for solar
system exploration, i.e., intensive studies of comets, Mars, and the Jupiter system,
are not singled out for special attention, although all are, admittedly, included in the
Roadmap.
Three other specific issues that COMPLEX wishes to raise here concern the
quests related to human destiny and life's origins and the issue of nonflight
programs. The human destiny quest is disconnected from the actual proposed
campaigns and their scientific objectives. The connection should be clearly stated
in the Roadmap report. The quest regarding life's origins is recognized as a high
priority in previous NRC studies, 6,7 but it is essential that the Roadmap's stated
expectations for fulfilling the quest not be exaggerated. This part of the Roadmap
report should be carefully assessed to ensure that it rests on realistic statements.
COMPLEX also notes that the Roadmap does not recognize the role of nonflight
programs. Although their exclusion may have been a consequence of the
Roadmap development team's charter, it is clear that laboratory experiments,
modeling, Earth- and space-based telescopic observations, and field studies are
essential to an understanding of the solar system, as documented in NRC reports.
8,9,10
Despite these shortcomings and other criticisms outlined in the accompanying
Assessment, the program of planetary exploration described in the Roadmap has
both significant potential for scientific discovery and the prospect of wide public
appeal. The Space Studies Board and COMPLEX recognize that the Roadmap is
an evolving document and that modifications will be made in response to changing
circumstances and new developments (e.g., the recent announcement of the
possible discovery of microfossils in a martian meteorite). Accordingly, we offer our
services to you should you wish a review of a later draft of the Roadmap. In
addition, the SSB and COMPLEX, in particular, look forward to the implementation
of the Roadmap and will be pleased to review this phase of the solar system
exploration program at an appropriate time.
REFERENCES
1. Roadmap Development Team, Mission to the Solar System: Exploration and
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Space Studies Board
Discovery—A Mission and Technology Roadmap (Version A), Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, California, June 21, 1996.
2. Space Studies Board, National Research Council, An Integrated Strategy for the
Planetary Sciences: 1995-2010, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.,
1994.
3. Space Studies Board, National Research Council, The Search for Life's Origins:
Progress and Future Directions in Planetary Biology and Chemical Evolution,
National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1990.
4. Space Science Board, National Research Council, Origin and Evolution of
Life—Implications for the Planets: A Scientific Strategy for the 1980s, National
Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1981.
5. Space Studies Board, National Research Council, Managing the Space
Sciences, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1995.
6. Space Studies Board, National Research Council, An Integrated Strategy for the
Planetary Sciences: 1995-2010, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.,
1994, pp. 58-61.
7. Space Studies Board, National Research Council, The Search for Life's Origins:
Progress and Future Directions in Planetary Biology and Chemical Evolution,
National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1990.
8. Space Studies Board, National Research Council, An Integrated Strategy for the
Planetary Sciences: 1995-2010, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.,
1994.
9. Space Studies Board, National Research Council, The Search for Life's Origins:
Progress and Future Directions in Planetary Biology and Chemical Evolution,
National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1990.
10. Space Science Board, National Research Council, Origin and Evolution of
Life—Implications for the Planets: A Scientific Strategy for the 1980s, National
Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1981.
Last update 2/10/00 at 2:03 pm
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NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
June 18, 2004 Current Operating Status
On Scientific Assessment of NASA's Solar System
Exploration Roadmap
MEMBERSHIP
COMMITTEE ON PLANETARY AND LUNAR EXPLORATION
RONALD GREELEY, Arizona State University, Chair
JAMES ARNOLD, University of California, San Diego
FRANCES BAGENAL, University of Colorado
JEFFREY R. BARNES, Oregon State University
PHILIP R. CHRISTENSEN, Arizona State University
RUSSELL DOOLITTLE, University of California, San Diego
HEIDI HAMMEL, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
GEORGE McGILL, University of Massachusetts
HARRY McSWEEN, University of Tennessee
TED ROUSH, San Francisco State University
JOHN RUMMEL, Marine Biological Laboratory
GERALD SCHUBERT, University of California, Los Angeles
EUGENE SHOEMAKER, U.S. Geological Survey
DARRELL F. STROBEL, Johns Hopkins University
ALAN T. TOKUNAGA, University of Hawaii
ROGER YELLE, Boston University
MARIA T. ZUBER, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Staff
DAVID H. SMITH, Study Director
ALTORIA B. ROSS, Senior Program Assistant
SPACE STUDIES BOARD
CLAUDE R. CANIZARES, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chair
MARK ABBOTT, Oregon State University
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JOHN A. ARMSTRONG,* IBM Corporation (retired)
JAMES P. BAGIAN, Environmental Protection Agency
DANIEL N. BAKER, University of Colorado
LAWRENCE BOGORAD, Harvard University
DONALD E. BROWNLEE, University of Washington
JOHN J. DONEGAN, John Donegan Associates, Inc.
ANTHONY W. ENGLAND, University of Michigan
DANIEL J. FINK,* D.J. Fink Associates, Inc.
MARTIN E. GLICKSMAN, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
RONALD GREELEY, Arizona State University
BILL GREEN, former member, U.S. House of Representatives
NOEL W. HINNERS,* Lockheed Martin Astronautics
JANET G. LUHMANN, University of California, Berkeley
JOHN H. McELROY,* University of Texas, Arlington
ROBERTA BALSTAD MILLER, Consortium for International Earth Sciences
Information Networks
BERRIEN MOORE III, University of New Hampshire
MARY JANE OSBORN, University of Connecticut Health Center
SIMON OSTRACH, Case Western Reserve University
CARLÉ M. PIETERS, Brown University
MARCIA J. RIEKE, University of Arizona
ROLAND SCHMITT,* Clifton Park, New York
JOHN A. SIMPSON, University of Chicago
ROBERT E. WILLIAMS, Space Telescope Science Institute
MARC S. ALLEN, Director
*Former member.
COMMISSION ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, AND
APPLICATIONS
ROBERT J. HERMANN, United Technologies Corporation, Co-Chair
W. CARL LINEBERGER, University of Colorado, Co-Chair
PETER M. BANKS, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan
LAWRENCE D. BROWN, University of Pennsylvania
RONALD G. DOUGLAS, Texas A&M University
JOHN E. ESTES, University of California, Santa Barbara
L. LOUIS HEGEDUS, Elf Atochem North America, Inc.
JOHN E. HOPCROFT, Cornell University
RHONDA J. HUGHES, Bryn Mawr College
SHIRLEY A. JACKSON, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
KENNETH H. KELLER, Council on Foreign Relations
KENNETH I. KELLERMANN, National Radio Astronomy Observatory
KEN KENNEDY, Rice University
MARGARET KIVELSON, University of California, Los Angeles
DANIEL KLEPPNER, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
http://www7.nationalacademies.org/ssb/rdmpmem.html (2 of 3) [6/18/2004 9:21:38 AM]
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JOHN KREICK, Sanders, a Lockheed Martin Company
MARSHA I. LESTER, University of Pennsylvania
THOMAS A. PRINCE, California Institute of Technology
NICHOLAS P. SAMIOS, Brookhaven National Laboratory
L.E. SCRIVEN, University of Minnesota
SHMUEL WINOGRAD, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
CHARLES A. ZRAKET, The MITRE Corporation (retired)
NORMAN METZGER, Executive Director
Last update 2/10/00 at 2:20 pm
Site managed by Anne Simmons, Space Studies Board
Site managed by the SSB Web Group.
To comment on this Web page or report an error, please send feedback to the Space Studies Board.
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Copyright © 2004. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. 500 Fifth St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20001.
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