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Annual Report 1991: Activities and Membership
Space Studies Board
Annual Report—1991
2
Activities and Membership
The Space Studies Board greeted 1991 promptly with its 101st meeting,
held on January 3-4 in the Board Room of the National Academy of Sciences in
Washington, D.C. The Report of the Advisory Committee on the Future of the
U.S. Space Program had just been released, and the chair of the committee, Mr.
Norman Augustine, visited with the Board to discuss its findings. Members
subsequently had the opportunity to discuss these findings with Dr. Berrien
Moore, chair of the Space Science and Applications Advisory Committee
(SSAAC), and Dr. Lennard Fisk, Associate Administrator for Space Science and
Applications, who also gave a briefing on the status of NASA space research
programs. The Board closed the meeting with internal discussions about its
international program, operating plan, and activities of several of its committees.
A second meeting of the Board (the 102nd) was held at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., on February 27 to March 1. Office of Space
REPORT MENU
Science and Applications (OSSA) head Dr. Lennard Fisk gave a detailed
NOTICE
presentation of the FY92 budget for space science. The 1990/1991 Space
FROM THE CHAIR
Station Freedom redesign activity was in its final stages, and much of the
CHAPTER 1
remainder of the meeting agenda focused on discussing this program. The Board
CHAPTER 2
was briefed by NASA officials Mr. William Raney and Dr. John-David Bartoe on
CHAPTER 3
the unreleased results of the redesign. After follow-up discussion, the Board
CHAPTER 4
broke up into working groups to draft an assessment of the redesign as
CHAPTER 5
presented. The Board also approved the last of its 1991 discipline assessment
APPENDIX
report series (on Earth studies), as well as the final sections of its Earth
Observing System (EOS) assessment report. A major topic addressed at the
meeting was a proposed study on NASA's Research and Analysis program and
research productivity.
Continuing with a vigorous meeting schedule, the Board met for its 103rd
gathering, the third in 1991, in Washington on May 22-23. This meeting was
devoted principally to committee business but included a teleconversation with
Dr. John Bahcall on his committee's recent report, The Decade of Discovery in
Astronomy and Astrophysics, a science presentation by Dr. Joseph Boyce on
Magellan results, and a description by Gen. Sam Armstrong of the work and
findings of the Synthesis Group on a human exploration program for the nation.
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Annual Report 1991: Activities and Membership
The Board discussed its international program and considered a restructured
version of its EOS assessment report, the status of its human exploration
committee's studies, the conclusions and recommendations of its first and nearly
complete microgravity science report, and plans of its planetary protection task
group and of its joint committee on technology. Members also surveyed
developments in the space station program since the February meeting and
release of the Board's assessment report on the redesign.
On May 28 and 29, several members of the Executive Council of the
Board, augmented by Board members Drs. Noel Hinners and William Merrell,
attended a meeting of the European Space Science Committee (ESSC) in
Copenhagen, Denmark. The objective of the meeting was to ascertain if it would
be feasible and desirable to formalize a process, under development for some
time, for collaborative work between the two groups. Extended discussion of the
environments and advisory postures of the two groups led to a shared conclusion
that this step would be difficult at present, but that a strengthened liaison
relationship would be valuable and could lead to closer and more routine
collaboration in the future.
During this period in early and mid-year, there was a dramatic sequence
of developments related to the space station, including endorsement by
congressional authorizing committees, legislation directed at identifying
alternative and/or complementary station concepts, deletion of station funding by
the Committee on Appropriations, and restoration of funding on the floor of the
House. On the science side, both the Gamma Ray Observatory and Ulysses
successfully gathered scientific data. Magellan successfully completed its first
"year" of mapping operations at Venus, revealing a planetary surface of
bewildering complexity and enormous scientific interest, while Galileo developed
unexpected high gain antenna deployment problems.
Even though the full Board did not meet during the third quarter, it was a
busy summer. In addition to attending their individual committee meetings, Board
committee chairs gathered on several occasions for long-term planning purposes.
The Board also released the last of its four discipline assessment reports,
Assessment of Satellite Earth Observation Programs-1991, as well as a letter
report on the EOS program specifically, and a letter report on the Landsat
program.
On July 12, Chair Louis Lanzerotti convened a meeting of all Board
committee and task group chairs to discuss future plans and participation in
OSSA's strategic planning activity scheduled at Woods Hole later that month.
With three years having passed since the Board's reorganization, it was
becoming apparent that an update of the Board Operating Plan and individual
committee plans was needed. The July 12 gathering considered and updated
activity plans for the committees and task groups and established guidelines for
Board members' participation at the OSSA Woods Hole meeting.
NASA's OSSA conducted its major strategic planning review at Woods
Hole during the last week of July. At the invitation of Dr. Berrien Moore, chair of
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Annual Report 1991: Activities and Membership
SSAAC, and of Mr. Joseph Alexander, OSSA assistant associate administrator,
the committee chairs attended the first two days of the Woods Hole meeting to
summarize committee assessments comparing discipline accomplishments to
Board recommendations. While the chairs did not take part in programmatic
prioritizations or mission ranking at the review, they were available as information
resources to NASA division delegations. An important Board input to this process
was its set of four assessment reports covering the disciplines of space biology
and medicine, solar and space physics, planetary and lunar exploration, and
earth studies from space.
On September 26, the Board was privileged to host a joint meeting of
committee chairs, OSSA division managers, and representatives from NASA's
Office of Aeronautics and Exploration Technology (OAET) and from the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for the purpose of getting
feedback on the usefulness of past Board advice, and on Board plans for the
future. Planned future advisory undertakings were presented for validation
against expected needs, and much useful program technical and budget
information was exchanged. Board sponsors expressed satisfaction with the four
assessment reports and a strong interest in prioritized, survey/strategy reports in
a number of specific areas. Based on the results of this successful meeting, it
was decided that the 1992 Board Operating Plan draft would be revised for
submission to the Board at its next meeting on November 20-22 in Irvine, Calif.
On the international front, a small delegation from the Board and staff
attended a second meeting of the ESSC in Paris in September. The visit was
intended to continue liaison with this European advisory body, with a view to
identifying joint study topics and possibly developing a more formal relationship in
the future. Board member William Merrell represented Chair Louis Lanzerotti,
who was unable to attend because of a conflict with the reconvening of the
Augustine Committee. A substantial amount of time was devoted by ESSC
members to discussing guidance for the November European Space Agency
(ESA) ministerial meeting. The similarity of the major issues in the U.S. and
European space communities, including how to deal with budget pressures and
the tension between manned and unmanned projects, was striking. Board
representatives described recent Board activities and preliminary results of the
OSSA strategic planning process and heard presentations on initial results of the
successful ERS-1 mission and plans for other ESA missions. Candidate topics for
future joint advisory study were also discussed.
The Board met for its final meeting of 1991 (its 104th) on November 20-22
at the Beckman Center in Irvine. A broad range of topics was discussed. The
Board heard a series of science briefings on topics in infrared astronomy,
including the Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) and Caltech's Infrared
Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), and the proposed Space Infrared
Telescope Facility (SIRTF) and airborne Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy (SOFIA). Mr. Joseph Alexander, assistant associate administrator of
OSSA, briefed the Board on the process and results of the strategic planning
workshop held at Woods Hole in July 1991 and on the impacts of the FY92
appropriation passed by Congress. Various committee status reports were
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Annual Report 1991: Activities and Membership
presented, and the first formal report of the Board's human exploration committee
was approved for submission to NRC review. This first report deals with research
that remains to be done before the nation can confidently undertake a program of
long-duration human spaceflight. COSPAR charter issues and opportunities for
collaborative international studies with the ESSC were also discussed.
As 1991 drew to a close, the Board, committees, and staff could look
back on a year of hard work and accomplishment. Four discipline assessment
reports were published and distributed. The space station, the Earth Observing
System (EOS) program, and Landsat were critically examined. Several important
planning meetings were held, including one attended by NASA/OSSA division
managers, as well as representatives of NASA/OAST and NOAA. The Board's
operating plan was updated to acknowledge progress and changes since the
reorganization of the Board in 1988-this in addition to ongoing work of the
committees and task groups.
SPACE STUDIES BOARD
Meetings
January 3-4 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.
February 27-March 1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California
May 22-23 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.
November 20-22 Beckman Center, Irvine, California
Members
Louis J. Lanzerotti, Chair, AT&T Bell Laboratories
Philip Abelson,* American Association for the Advancement of Science
Joseph A. Burns, Cornell University
John R. Carruthers,* INTEL
Andrea K. Dupree, Harvard-Smithsonian Institution
John A. Dutton, Pennsylvania State University
Larry Esposito, University of Colorado
James P. Ferris, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Herbert Friedman, Naval Research Laboratory
Richard L. Garwin, IBM Corporation
Riccardo Giacconi, Space Telescope Science Institute
Noel W. Hinners, Martin Marietta Civil Space & Communication Company
James R. Houck, Cornell University
David A. Landgrebe, Purdue University
Robert A. Laudise, AT&T Bell Laboratories
Elliott C. Levinthal,* Stanford University
Richard Lindzen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
John McElroy, University of Texas at Austin
William J. Merrell, Jr., Texas A&M University at Galveston
Richard K. Moore, University of Kansas
Robert H. Moser, The NutraSweet Company
Norman F. Ness, University of Delaware
Marcia Neugebauer, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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Annual Report 1991: Activities and Membership
Sally K. Ride,* University of California at San Diego
Robert F. Sekerka,* Carnegie Mellon University
Mark Settle, ARCO Oil and Gas Company
William Sirignano, University of California at Irvine
L. Dennis Smith,* University of California at Irvine
Byron D. Tapley,* University of Texas at Austin
Fred Turek, Northwestern University
Arthur B.C. Walker, Jr., Stanford University
Marc S. Allen, Director
Richard C. Hart, Deputy Director
Betty C. Guyot, Administrative Officer
___________________________
*Term expired during 1991.
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL OF THE BOARD
Meetings
April 18 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.
May 28-29 Ministry of Education and Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
Members
Louis J. Lanzerotti, Chair, AT&T Bell Laboratories
Joseph Burns, Cornell University
James P. Ferris, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Riccardo Giacconi, Space Telescope Science Institute
Norman F. Ness, University of Delaware
Mark Settle, ARCO Oil and Gas Company
COMMITTEE ON EARTH STUDIES
Meetings
February 7-8 Beckman Center, Irvine, California
May 6-7 Green Building, Washington, D.C.
November 18-19 Beckman Center, Irvine, California
Members
Byron D. Tapley, Chair, University of Texas at Austin
John R. Apel,* Applied Physics Laboratory
William P. Bishop,* Desert Research Institute
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Annual Report 1991: Activities and Membership
Kevin C. Burke,* Lunar and Planetary Institute
Janet W. Campbell, Bigelow Laboratories
Charles Elachi, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
William J. Emery, University of Colorado
Diana W. Freckman, University of California at Riverside
Richard E. Hallgren, American Meteorological Society
Kenneth C. Jezek, Ohio State University
Edward T. Kanemasu, University of Georgia
Victor Klemas, University of Delaware
Conway B. Leovy, University of Washington
John S. MacDonald, MacDonald-Dettwiler Associates
Alfredo E. Prelat, Texaco Corporation
John M. Wahr,* University of Colorado
Paul F. Uhlir, Executive Secretary
David H. Smith, Executive Secretary
___________________________
*Term expired during 1991.
COMMITTEE ON HUMAN EXPLORATION
Meetings
February 26 Pasadena Hilton, Pasadena, California
August 5-9 Beckman Center, Irvine, California
Members
Noel W. Hinners, Chair, Martin Marietta Corporation
George Nelson Driver, University of Washington
Richard Garwin, IBM Corporation
Louis J. Lanzerotti, AT&T Bell Laboratories
Elliott C. Levinthal, Stanford University
William J. Merrell, Jr., Texas A&M University
Robert H. Moser, University of New Mexico
Sally K. Ride,* Stanford University
Marc S. Allen, Executive Secretary
David H. Smith, Executive Secretary
___________________________
*Term expired during 1991.
COMMITTEE ON MICROGRAVITY RESEARCH
Meetings
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Annual Report 1991: Activities and Membership
January 10-11 Green Building, Washington, D.C.
April 29-30 Green Building, Washington, D.C.
November 18-19 Beckman Center, Irvine, California
Members
Robert F. Sekerka,* Chair, Carnegie Mellon University
Robert A. Brown, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Martin E. Glicksman, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Franklin D. Lemkey, United Technologies Research Center
Ronald E. Loehman, SNL
Simon Ostrach, Case Western Reserve University
Morton B. Panish, AT&T Bell Laboratories
John D. Reppy, Cornell University
William A. Sirignano, University of California at Irvine
Thomas A. Steitz, Yale University
Warren C. Strahle, Georgia Institute of Technology
Julia Weertman, Northwestern University
Joyce M. Purcell, Executive Secretary
___________________________
*Term expired during 1991.
COMMITTEE ON PLANETARY AND LUNAR RESEARCH
Meetings
February 13-15 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.
July 15-19 Jonsson Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
October 28-29 Green Building, Washington, D.C.
Members
Larry W. Esposito, Chair, University of Colorado
Alan P. Boss, Carnegie Institution of Washington
Anita L. Cochran, University of Texas at Austin
Peter J. Gierasch, Cornell University
William S. Kurth, University of Iowa
Lucy-Ann McFadden, University of California at San Diego
Christopher P. McKay, NASA Ames Research Center
Duane O. Muhleman, California Institute of Technology
Norman R. Pace, Indiana University
Graham Ryder, Lunar and Planetary Institute
Paul D. Spudis, Lunar and Planetary Institute
Peter H. Stone, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Richard W. Zurek, California Institute of Technology
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Annual Report 1991: Activities and Membership
Paul F. Uhlir, Executive Secretary
David H. Smith, Executive Secretary
COMMITTEE ON SPACE BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Meetings
February 7-8 Beckman Center, Irvine, California
May 13-15 Green Building, Washington, D.C.
October 17-18 Green Building, Washington, D.C.
Members
L. Dennis Smith,* Chair, University of California at Irvine
Robert M. Berne, University of Virginia at Charlottesville
Peter B. Dews, Harvard Medical School
R.J. Michael Fry, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Frances Gaffney, University of Texas at Dallas
Edward J. Goetzel, University of California Medical School at San Francisco
Robert L. Helmreich, University of Texas at Austin
James Lackner, Brandeis University
Barry Wayne Peterson,* Northwestern University
Clinton T. Rubin, State University of New York at Stony Brook
Allan Schiller, Mt. Sinai Medical Center
Tom K. Scott, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Warren Sinclair, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
William Thompson, North Carolina State University
Fred W. Turek, Northwestern University
Fred Wilt, University of California at Berkeley
Joyce M. Purcell, Executive Secretary
__________________________
*Term expired during 1991.
COMMITTEE ON SOLAR AND SPACE PHYSICS
Meetings
April 4-6 Green Building, Washington, D.C.
June 26-28 Green Building, Washington, D.C.
October 28-30 Green Building, Washington, D.C.
Members
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Annual Report 1991: Activities and Membership
Marcia M. Neugebauer, Chair, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Thomas E. Cravens, University of Kansas
Martin A. Lee,* University of New Hampshire
Jonathan F. Ormes, Goddard Space Flight Center
George K. Parks, University of Washington
Douglas M. Rabin, National Optical Astronomy Observatory
David M. Rust, Johns Hopkins University
Raymond J. Walker, University of California at Los Angeles
Yuk L. Yung, California Institute of Technology
Ronald Zwickl, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Richard C. Hart, Executive Secretary
__________________________
*Term expired during 1991.
JOINT COMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY FOR SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS
Meeting
December 3 Green Building, Washington, D.C.
Members
David A. Landgrebe, Chair, Purdue University
Richard C. Hart, Executive Secretary
TASK GROUP ON PLANETARY PROTECTION
Meetings
May 21 Green Building, Washington, D.C.
November 13-14 Green Building, Washington, D.C.
September 9-13 Beckman Center, Irvine, California
Members
Kenneth H. Nealson, Chair, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
John A. Baross, University of Washington
Michael H. Carr, U.S. Geological Survey
Robert Pepin, University of Minnesota
Thomas M. Schmidt, Miami University
Jodi Shann, University of Cincinnati
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Annual Report 1991: Activities and Membership
J. Robie Vestal, University of Cincinnati
David C. White, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Richard S. Young, consultant, Kennedy Space Center
Joyce M. Purcell, Executive Secretary
TASK GROUP ON PRIORITIES IN SPACE RESEARCH
Meetings
May 9-10 Green Building, Washington, D.C.
July 15-16 Green Building, Washington, D.C.
September 30-October 1 Green Building, Washington, D.C.
Members
John A. Dutton, Chair, Pennsylvania State University
Philip Abelson, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Steven V.W. Beckwith,* Cornell University
William P. Bishop, Desert Research Institute
Lawson Crowe, University of Colorado
Peter B. Dews, Harvard Medical School
Angelo Guastaferro, Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, Inc.
Molly K. Macauley, Resources for the Future
Buddy MacKay, Lt. Governor of Florida
Thomas A. Potemra, Johns Hopkins University
Arthur B.C. Walker, Jr., Stanford University
Joyce M. Purcell, Executive Secretary
__________________________
*Term expired during 1991.
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Annual Report 1991: Activities and Membership
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