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OCR for page R1
An International
•
Discussion of
Space Observatories
Report of 1 Conference held at
Willlam$burg, VIJginia
January 26-29, 1976
NATIONAL EUROPEAN
ACADEMY of SCIENCE
SCIENCES FOUNDATION
NAS-NAE
0CT2 7 1976
LIBRARY
OCR for page R2
7 /., -013 6
c. I
Not/« by the N411ofl41 A<»demy o!Sde11«1
lbe proj..t that ,, tho oubjed or tiUs report Wll approved by the Go-nln& Board or
the NadonaJ Research Council, whose mcmbert are dr1wn from the Councib or lhe Na-
tional Academy or Sclenoeo, the National Academy or Enslneerlns, and the lnstltute or
MecUc:lne~ The membets of the Committee rcspon.slblc for the repon ~-ere thoRn (os
tbdr speclaJ competences and with rep.rd for appropriate balance- .
This report has been reviewed by a poup other than the 1uthon acx:ordin& to proco-
dwes approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National
Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering.. and the lnrtitute of
Meclicine.
Noll« by tllt Europt11n Scltncc FOUIIdltioll
Preparatory work for the conference in Willlamsbur1 wa1 Jtarted by tbe then pro-
vision~! Space Science Advisory Board for Europe, oct up by the Royal Society or
London before October 19·75 , when thb Boe.rd WIJ formally trand'ormed into the
Sp~c:e Science Committee of the European ScM-nee fou ndation. Afle.r the eonfet"tnce,
ctraft reporu were considered by 1he ESF Spuc Sdence Committee and the £SF
Astronomy Committee, and various remarka of these committoe1 were taken Into
account. Tho publication of the report has b«n recommended by the chairmen or
thete two committee.t and by the Presidtnt of the ESF.
AJtZiloble [rom European Scieoce Foundation
Space Science Board I , Q1al ~ Mamesia
2101 Constitution Avenue 1'-67000 Sllubou!J
WIJhington, D.C. 20418 France
COVER: The spiral galAxy In 0.MI Yt,.tici,
Mesoiet 51. (/'/toto courtuy of l/4U Obmw·
toriQ)
OCR for page R3
PREFACE
This is a brief repon of a discussion organiz.ed jointly by the Space Science
Committee (sse) of the European Science Foundation and the Space Science
Board (ss B) of the National Academy of Sciences-Nationlll Research Council
for the purpoae of clarifying certain matters relating to permanent obaervt·
tories in space, particularly the Large Space Telescope, that arise from Inter·
national considerations.
The gencsb of this discussion was a U.S. congTessional suggesllon that other
nationo(specillcally the European Space Agency and European national space
provams) ahould contribute to LST funding. In response, the National Aero-
nautics and Space Admlnbt,.tion (NASA) instituted negotlatlons with the
European SpKe Aaency (£SA), the resulu of which have not yet been made
public, but that probably involve both instrument construction and contribu·
lions to scienur,. ope,.tions.
Thb has been a government-to-government negotiation, and h has ruulted
in cenain concerns among scientific communities on both sides of the Atlantic.
We felt that the consultative structure establiahed between the ss B and the
sse could be used to provide a foundation for coordinated advice from the
science community to the aeverallnterested governmenu and agencleo.
An example of a muunderstanding and its resolution through consultation
is touched upon In the recommendation "Instruments for LST ." ESA and
NASA manogcments follow different traditions, including different approaches
to instrument procurement. The associated scientific communities each under·
stAnd their own systems but feel less comfortable with the other as a means of
ensuring the best pouible performance of the LST . The recommendation
represtntl a compromU., avoiding unacceptAble insistence on chanii'Sin man-
lll'ment practices and yet affording alternative grounds for confidence that a
good result will be Khieved.
The U.S. and European asuonomy communities are unequally prepared for
a discussion of the LST ,Iince the question of European invohoementls of re-
cent ori&ln. The aim of our diacussion was therefore modest : to establish a
foundation of basic Ideas upon which scientists cou.ld build, through NASA,
ESA, and national governments.
The conference considered existing plans for the LST and Ill Instruments
as a basis for lu judgments. It did not consider alternatives, panly because
iii
OCR for page R4
time did not permit and partly because the extensive work performed by
NAsA and its advisory groups appears to hove been carried out well and
responsibly. It also did nol consider matters Internal to U.S. or European
space programs. There are, of course, many such matters, some of crucial
importance to the future of space science, and they are frequently discussed
in other publicalions of I he Space Science Board.
The discussion addressed the following general considerations:
I. The exlenl 10 which lhe LST can be judged lobe the mosl important
advance prescnlly in prospect for optical astronomy.
2. Access to space observatories by tile best qualified individuals regard·
less of country of residence.
3. Questions stemmi.ng from multinational funding.
4. The logistics of the interface between tile space observatory and tile
science community.
5. Preparedness of tile community for new modes of operation associated
with space observatories.
The Conclusions and Recommendations of this report record tile con·
ference views as to the geneml nature of the important questions and tlleir
solutions. The first item is a judgment of value fundamental to international
cooperation at any level. Detailed work on tile otller items is already under
way, principally under the aegis of a Space Science Board study of institu·
tiona! arrangements for the LST to be carried out during tile coming summer
through a workshop chaired by Dr. Donald Hornig.
RICHARD GOODY. Chairman
Space Science Board
National Academy of Sciences
HA R R IE MASSEY, Choimuzn
Space Science Committee
European Science Foundation
iv
OCR for page R5
Attendees
PARTICIPANTS
BERTOLA,F. Os:.ttrvatorio At tronomico Padij:a, Ital y
BURBIOOE, E. M. Unfftnlty or Cilllfornia S..n Oit:JO, California
COURTES,C. ObKrYa1olre de Manrille Mandle, France
DANIELSON, R. Pri.neeton Univtrtlty Princeton, New Jersey
Obterv~l ory
DORLINC, E. B. MuDard Space Science Dorklftl, Sun-ey, U.K.
Laboratory
FIELD, C. B. Cc:nta for Astrophylia CIUTibrt
