National Academies Press: OpenBook

Urban Stormwater Management in the United States (2009)

Chapter: Appendix D Biographical Information for the Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution

« Previous: Appendix C Summary of Responses from State Stormwater Coordinators
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D Biographical Information for the Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution." National Research Council. 2009. Urban Stormwater Management in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12465.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D Biographical Information for the Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution." National Research Council. 2009. Urban Stormwater Management in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12465.
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Page 594
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D Biographical Information for the Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution." National Research Council. 2009. Urban Stormwater Management in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12465.
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Page 595
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D Biographical Information for the Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution." National Research Council. 2009. Urban Stormwater Management in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12465.
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Page 596
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D Biographical Information for the Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution." National Research Council. 2009. Urban Stormwater Management in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12465.
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Page 597
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D Biographical Information for the Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution." National Research Council. 2009. Urban Stormwater Management in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12465.
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Page 598
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D Biographical Information for the Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution." National Research Council. 2009. Urban Stormwater Management in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12465.
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Appendix D Biographical Information for the Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution Claire Welty, Chair, is the Director of the Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education and Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC). Dr. Welty’s work has primarily focused on transport processes in aquifers; her current research interest is in watershed-scale urban hydrology, particularly in urban groundwater. Prior to her appointment at UMBC, Dr. Welty was a faculty member at Drexel Uni- versity for 15 years, where she taught hydrology and also served as Associate Director of the School of Environmental Science, Engineering, and Policy. Dr. Welty is the chair of the National Research Council’s (NRC’s) Water Science and Technology Board and has previously served on three NRC study commit- tees. She is the Chair-Elect of the Consortium of Universities for the Advance- ment of Hydrologic Science Inc. Dr. Welty received a B.A. in environmental sciences from the University of Virginia, an M.S. in environmental engineering from the George Washington University, and a Ph.D. in civil and environmental engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Roger T. Bannerman has been an environmental specialist for the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for over 30 years. For most of that time he has directed research projects investigating urban runoff. Topics addressed by his studies over the years include the quality of urban streams, identification of problem pollutants in stormwater, toxicity of stormwater pollutants, effective- ness of different stormwater control practices, sources of stormwater pollutants, selection of cost-effective control practices, and benefits of low-impact devel- opment. He has applied these results to management plans developed for most urban areas in Wisconsin. This includes the calibration of the urban runoff model called the Source Loading and Management Model. The results of his research projects have been used to develop Wisconsin’s new administrative rules that regulate stormwater management. Mr. Bannerman received his B.S. in chemistry from Humboldt State College and an M.S. from the University of Wisconsin in water chemistry. Derek B. Booth has joint positions as Senior Geologist at Stillwater Sciences, Inc., and Adjunct Professor at the University of Washington where he is senior editor of the international journal Quaternary Research and holds faculty ap- pointments in Civil Engineering and Earth & Space Sciences. Prior to this, he was director of the Center for Urban Water Resources Management (and its suc- 593

594 URBAN STORMWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES cessor, the Center for Water and Watershed Studies) at the university. He main- tains active research into the causes of stream-channel degradation, the effec- tiveness of stormwater mitigation strategies, and the physical effects of urban development on aquatic systems, with over a dozen publications and a wide range of national and international invited presentations on the topic. Dr. Booth received a B.A. in literature from Hampshire College, a B.A. in geology from the University of California at Berkeley, an M.S. in geology from Stanford Uni- versity, and a Ph.D. in geological sciences from the University of Washington. Richard R. Horner is a professor in the Department of Civil and Environment Engineering at the University of Washington, with adjunct appointments in Landscape Architecture and in the College of Forest Resources’ Center for Ur- ban Horticulture. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Washington’s Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and previous engineering degrees from the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Horner splits his time between university research and private practice. In both cases his work concerns how human occupancy of and activities on the landscape affect natural waters, and how negative effects can be reduced. He has been involved in two extended research projects concerning the ecological response of freshwater resources to urban conditions and the urbanization process. The first studied the effect of human activities on freshwater wetlands of the Puget Sound lowlands and led to a comprehensive set of management guidelines to reduce negative effects. A ten-year study involved the analogous investigation of human effects on Puget Sounds’ salmon spawning and rearing streams. In addition, he has broad ex- perience in all aspects of stormwater management, having helped design many stormwater programs in Washington, California, and British Columbia. He pre- viously served on the NRC’s Committee on the Comparative Costs of Rock Salt and Calcium Magnesium Acetate for Highway Deicing. Charles R. O’Melia (NAE) is the Abel Wolman Professor of Environmental Engineering and Chair of the Geography and Environmental Engineering Department at the Johns Hopkins University, where he has served on the faculty for over 25 years. Dr. O'Melia’s research areas include aquatic chemistry, environmental colloid chemistry, water and wastewater treatment, modeling of natural surface and subsurface waters, and the behavior of colloidal particles. He has served on the advisory board and review committees for the environmental engineering departments of multiple universities. He has served in a range of advising roles to professional societies including the American Water Works Association and Research Foundation, the Water Pollution Control Federation, the American Chemical Society, and the International Water Supply Association. He has served on several NRC committees, including chairing the Steering Committee, Symposium on Science and Regulation, and the Committee on Watershed Management for New York City. He was also a member of the

APPENDIX D 595 NRC Water Science and Technology Board and the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. Dr. O’Melia earned a Ph.D. in Sanitary Engineering from the University of Michigan. In 1989, Dr. O’Melia was elected to the National Academy of Engineering for significant contributions to the theories of coagulation, flocculation, and filtration leading to improved water-treatment practices throughout the world. Robert E. Pitt is the Cudworth Professor of Urban Water Systems in the De- partment of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering at the Univer- sity of Alabama (UA). He is also Director of the UA interdisciplinary Environ- mental Institute. Dr. Pitt’s research concerns the effects, sources, and control of urban runoff, which has resulted in numerous development management plans, stormwater ordinances, and design manuals. Dr. Pitt has also developed and tested procedures to recognize and reduce inappropriate discharges of wastewa- ters to separate storm drainages. He has investigated the sources and control of stormwater toxicants and examined stormwater effects on groundwater. He has also carried out a number of receiving water impact studies associated with stormwater. These studies have included a variety of field monitoring activities, including water and sediment quality, fish and benthos taxonomic composition, and laboratory toxicity tests. His current research includes developing a nation- wide database of national stormwater permit information and conducting com- prehensive evaluations of these data. Dr. Pitt received a B.S. in engineering science from Humboldt State University, an M.S. in civil engineering from San Jose State University, and a Ph.D. in civil and environmental engineering from the University of Wisconsin. Edward T. Rankin is an Environmental Management Associate with Ohio University at the Institute for Local Government Administration and Rural Development (ILGARD) which is the Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs located in Athens, Ohio. He had previously been a Senior Research Associate in the Center for Applied Bioassessment and Biocriteria within the Midwest Biodiversity Institute (MBI). Prior to 2002, he was an aquatic ecologist with Ohio EPA for almost 18 years. Mr. Rankin’s research centers around the effects of stormwater and other urban stressors on aquatic life, development and application of stream habitat assessment methodologies, development and application of biological criteria and biological-based chemical criteria for aquatic life, and improving the accuracy of total maximum daily loads for nutrients and sediment. He is particularly interested in the application of research to management of aquatic life issues and has extensive experience with the development of tiered aquatic life uses and use attainability analyses in streams. Mr. Rankin received his B.S. in biology from St. Bonaventure University and his M.S. in zoology from The Ohio State University.

596 URBAN STORMWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES Thomas R. Schueler founded the Center for Watershed Protection in 1992 as a nonprofit organization dedicated to protecting our nation’s streams, lakes and wetlands through improved land management. In 2007, he launched the Chesapeake Stormwater Network, whose mission is to improve on-the-ground implementation of more sustainable stormwater management and environmental site design practices in each of 1,300 communities and seven states in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. He has conducted extensive research on the pollut- ant removal performance, cost, and longevity of stormwater control measures, and he has developed guidance for both Phase I and Phase II communities to meet minimum management measures to comply with municipal stormwater permits, including development of a national stormwater monitoring database and national guidance on illicit discharge detection and elimination. Mr. Schueler has written several widely referenced manuals that describe how to apply the tools of watershed protection and restoration, and he is working on a wide range of research projects and watershed applications across the United States. Prior to founding the Center, he worked for ten years at the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, where he led the Anacostia Watershed Restoration Team, one of first efforts to comprehensively restore an urban wa- tershed. He received his B.S. in environmental science from the George Wash- ington University. Kurt Stephenson is an associate professor of Environmental and Natural Re- source Economics in the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. His professional objec- tive is to better integrate economic perspectives and analysis into decision mak- ing related to water resource issues. Particular emphasis is placed on the appli- cation of economic analysis to interdisciplinary research of policy issues. The design and implementation of market-based policies to secure environmental objectives is a primary area of study within this context. He is currently in- volved in determining effective strategies for reducing nutrient loads in the Ope- quon Watershed in Virginia and West Virginia, including evaluating the cost effec- tiveness and feasibility of using urban nonpoint source controls (including storm- water management) as an offset to growth in point source loads. He is a member of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality’s Nutrient Trading Technical Advisory Committee and the Academic Advisory Committee. Dr. Stephenson received his B.S. in economics from Radford University, his M.S. in agricultural economics from Virginia Tech, and his Ph.D. in economics from the University of Nebraska. Xavier Swamikannu is Chief of the Stormwater Permitting Program for the Los Angeles Regional Water Board and the California EPA, where he has worked for nearly 20 years. He has extensive experience with the implementation of municipal and industrial stormwater programs in Southern California, including the evaluation of pollutant discharges, determining the effectiveness of stormwater control measures in treating stormwater runoff,

APPENDIX D 597 developing performance criteria and better understanding of their costs. He has participated on EPA’s General Permits and Total Maximum Daily Load Work Groups and he has served on many state and regional technical advisory committees concerned with stormwater regulations. He was recognized by the California Water Boards in 2007 for his national leadership in the stormwater program, and by the California State Senate for his service on the technical advisory committee of the Santa Monica Bay Restoration Commission. Dr. Swamikannu received his B.S. in natural and chemical sciences from St. Joseph’s College in Bangalore, India, his M.S. in environmental sciences from Texas Christian University, and his Ph.D. in environmental science and engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles. Robert G. Traver is a professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Villanova University and the Director of the Villanova Urban Stormwater Partnership. He conducts research on topics that include modeling of stream hydraulics, urban hydrology, water quality, and measures to mitigate stormwater effects of urbanization. Most recently he has created a Stormwater Best Management Practice Demonstration and Research Park on the Villanova Campus. Dr. Traver is also involved with the implementation of stormwater policy. He has participated in a team study to review the effects of Pennsylvania’s water regulation from a watershed sustainability viewpoint, acted as a reviewer for Pennsylvania’s 1995 Best Management Practice Handbook, and has served as Chair for the 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, and 2005 Pennsylvania Stormwater Management Symposiums held at Villanova. More recently he was selected to serve on the American Society of Civil Engineers’ External Review Panel of the Corps investigation of Hurricane Katrina. Dr. Traver is a retired LTC in the Army Reserves and a veteran of Operation Desert Storm. He received his B.S. in civil engineering from the Virginia Military Institute, his M.S. in civil engineering from Villanova, and his Ph.D. in civil engineering from Pennsylvania State University. Wendy E. Wagner is the Joe A. Worsham Centennial Professor at the University of Texas School of Law. Before joining the UT faculty, she was a professor at Case Western Reserve University School of Law and a visiting professor at Columbia Law School and the Vanderbilt School of Law. Wagner’s research focuses on the interface between science and environmental law, and her articles have appeared in numerous journals, including the Columbia, Cornell, Duke, Georgetown, Illinois, Texas, Wisconsin, and Yale Law Reviews. She has published on the practical problems with EPA’s current approach to stormwater regulation. She has also written several articles on the challenges of regulating media like stormwater, on restoring polluted waters with public values, on the legal aspects of the regulatory use of environmental modeling, and on technology-based standards. Ms. Wagner received a master’s degree in environmental studies from the Yale School of Forestry and

598 URBAN STORMWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES Environmental Studies and a law degree from Yale Law School. She clerked for the Honorable Judge Albert Engel, Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit. William E. Wenk is founder and president of Wenk Associates, Inc., a Denver- based landscape architectural firm. He is also an Adjunct Associate Professor of Landscape Architecture at the University of Colorado in Denver. For over 20 years, he has been influential in the restoration and redevelopment of urban river and stream corridors, the transformation of derelict urban land, and the design of public parks and open spaces. Mr. Wenk was the Principal Urban Designer for the Menomonee River Valley Redevelopment, an award-winning “green infra- structure” redevelopment in Milwaukee that integrated a network of parks and open spaces through stormwater infrastructure, regional and local trails, and a restored river corridor into a proposed 130-acre mixed-use and light industrial development. Other projects of his include the Prairie Trail Community Master Plan in Ankeny, Iowa (a surface stormwater system designed to provide flood control and water quality for a new 1000-acre mixed-use community), and the Stapleton Airport Parks and Open Space Redevelopment (a surface stormwater drainage design for the 4,500-acre redevelopment), as well as the Stapleton Wa- ter Quality Guidelines book to guide planners and developers on how to inte- grate stormwater best management practices into redevelopment. Mr. Wenk received a B.S.L.A. and M.L.A. from Michigan State University and the Univer- sity of Oregon, respectively. Laura J. Ehlers is a senior staff officer for the Water Science and Technology Board of the National Research Council. Since joining the NRC in 1997, she has served as the study director for eleven committees, including the Committee to Review the New York City Watershed Management Strategy, the Committee on Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediment, the Committee on Assessment of Water Resources Research, and the Committee on Public Water Supply Distribution Systems: Assessing and Reducing Risks. Ehlers has periodically consulted for EPA’s Office of Research Development regarding their water quality research programs. She received her B.S. from the California Institute of Technology, majoring in biology and engineering and applied science. She earned both an M.S.E. and a Ph.D. in environmental engineering at the Johns Hopkins University. Her dissertation, entitled RP4 Plasmid Transfer among Strains of Pseudomonas in a Biofilm, was awarded the 1998 Parsons Engineering/Association of Environmental Engineering Professors award for best doctoral thesis.

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The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges.

This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.

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