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Rebuilding the Research Capacity at HUD
REBUILDING THE RESEARCH CAPACITY AT HUD
Committee to Evaluate the Research Plan of the Department of Housing and Urban Development
Center for Economic, Governance, and International Studies
Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
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Rebuilding the Research Capacity at HUD
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract No. C-CHI-00865 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organization or agencies that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-12567-3
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-12567-7
Additional copies of this report are available from the
National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); http://www.nap.edu.
Copyright 2008 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Cover images © Getty Images.
Suggested citation: National Research Council. (2008). Rebuilding the Research Capacity at HUD. Committee to Evaluate the Research Plan of the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Center for Economic, Governance, and International Studies, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Rebuilding the Research Capacity at HUD
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
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Rebuilding the Research Capacity at HUD
COMMITTEE TO EVALUATE THE RESEARCH PLAN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
JOHN C. WEICHER (Chair),
Center for Housing and Financial Markets, Hudson Institute, Washington, DC
RAPHAEL BOSTIC,
School of Policy, Planning, and Development, University of Southern California
STEVEN M. CRAMER,
College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
PAUL FISETTE,*
College of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Massachusetts
GEORGE C. GALSTER,
Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Wayne State University
MAYOR JEREMY HARRIS,
Sustainable Cities Institute, Honolulu
ROBERT B. HELMS,
American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, DC
DOUGLAS S. MASSEY,
Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University
SANDRA J. NEWMAN,
Institute for Policy Studies, Johns Hopkins University
EDGAR O. OLSEN,
Department of Economics, University of Virginia
JOHN L. PALMER,
Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University
JOHN M. QUIGLEY,
Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley
MICHAEL A. STEGMAN,
Program on Human and Community Development, The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Chicago
MARGERY A. TURNER,
Center on Metropolitan Housing and Communities, Urban Institute, Washington, DC
BARNEY COHEN, Study Director
RINA AVIRAM, Associate Program Officer
ANTHONY S. MANN, Program Associate
JACQUELINE R. SOVDE, Senior Program Assistant
*
Resigned August 2007.
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Acknowledgments
This report reflects the efforts of many people, each of whom has contributed their time and expertise. No committee could perform a task such as this without the assistance and close cooperation of the staff of the Office of Policy Development and Research (PD&R). At the start of the project, the committee benefited greatly from briefings received from senior staff within PD&R particularly Assistant Secretary Darlene Williams as well as Deputy Assistant Secretary (retired) Harold Bunce, Office of Economic Affairs; Deputy Assistant Secretary (retired) Paul Gatons, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Monitoring; and Associate Deputy Assistant Secretary Mark Schroder, Office of Policy Development. Throughout the project, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Research, Evaluation, and Monitoring Kevin Neary served as the main point of contact between the committee and PD&R. Throughout the project, Kevin provided superb support, always responding to the committee’s requests for additional information with great dedication, responsibility, and good humor. The committee also appreciates the useful assistance and insight of other PD&R staff including David Chase, David Engel, Robert Gray, Todd Richardson, Ronald Sepanik, and David Vandenbroucke.
In April 2007, the committee organized a public workshop and benefited greatly from the assistance and insight of many colleagues including: Mark Calabria, minority staff, Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee; Amy Cutts, deputy chief economist, Freddie Mac; Karen Daly, director, Office of Policy Development and Coordination; Douglas Duncan, chief economist, Mortgage Bankers Association; Paul Emrath, assistant staff vice president of Housing Policy Research, National Association of
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Home Builders; Warren Friedman, director, Planning and Standards Division, Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control; Deborah Gross, deputy director, Council of Large Public Housing Authorities; Elizabeth Kong, deputy assistant secretary, Office of Policy, Programs, and Legislative Initiatives; Victor Lambert, senior program analyst, Office of Policy, Programs, and Legislative Initiatives; Judith May, director, Office of Evaluation; Jonathon Miller, majority staff, Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee; Susan Offutt, chief economist, Government Accountability Office (former head of Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture); Charles Orlebeke, professor emeritus, University of Illinois at Chicago (former assistant secretary for policy development and research, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development [HUD]); Danilo Pelletiere, research director, National Low Income Housing Coalition; Christopher Spear, Honeywell International (former assistant secretary of labor, Office of Policy, U.S. Department of Labor); Lawrence Thompson, retired (former general deputy assistant secretary, PD&R, HUD; and Lawrence Yun, managing director of Quantitative Research, National Association of Realtors. The committee also appreciates the useful assistance and insight it received from other colleagues during its deliberations particularly: Philip Clay, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Paul Fisette, University of Massachusetts; David Gibbons, minority staff, House Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education; Jon Kamarck, minority staff, Senate Subcommittee on Transportation-HUD Appropriations; Michael H. Moskow, retired chief executive officer, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago; Joseph Riley, retired, Office of Economic Affairs, PD&R; and Barbara Sard, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
Several members of the staff of the National Academies made significant contributions to the report. The committee was established under the auspices of the Center for Economic, Government, and International Studies, directed by Jane Ross, who was instrumental in developing the study and provided guidance and support to the staff throughout the project. Particular thanks are due to Barney Cohen, who served as the study director, Rina Aviram for superb research assistance, Anthony Mann and Jacqui Sovde for logistical support, Kirsten Sampson Snyder for help guiding the report through review, Eugenia Grohman for skillful editing, and Yvonne Wise for managing the production process.
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s (NRC’s) Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that assist the institution in making its report as sound as possible, and to ensure that the report meets institutional stan-
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dards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process.
The committee wishes to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: James Follain, Department of Economics, Siena College; Edward Glaeser, Department of Economics, Harvard University; Jill Khadduri, Housing and Community Revitalization, Social & Economic Policy, Abt Associates, Inc., Bethesda, MD; Stephen Malpezzi, Department of Real Estate and Urban Land Economics, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Kathy O’Regan, Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University; Charles Orlebeke, professor emeritus, University of Illinois at Chicago; Susan Wachter, Institute for Urban Research, University of Pennsylvania; and Dan Wheat, Civil, Architectural, Environmental Engineering Department, University of Texas at Austin.
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions and recommendations nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Susan Hanson, School of Geography, Clark University. Appointed by the NRC, she was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all the review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
I close by expressing my great appreciation to my fellow committee members. This report results from the exceptional efforts of the members of the committee, all of whom had many other responsibilities but who nonetheless generously gave much of their time and their expertise to the project. They developed the framework of the report and then wrote, revised, and commented on successive drafts. The report is very much a collaborative effort, and it has been a personal pleasure for me to work with such fine colleagues.
John C. Weicher, Chair
Committee to Evaluate the Research Plan of the Department of Housing and Urban Development
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Contents
Executive Summary
1
1
Introduction
5
2
Background
11
3
Evaluation of External Research
33
4
Evaluation of Technology Research
65
5
Evaluation of In-House Research
79
6
Evaluation of Policy Development and Program Support
93
7
Evaluation of Public-Use Data Sets
113
8
Dissemination
139
9
The Relationship Between Research and Policy Development
149
10
Loss of Capacity and Its Consequences
179
11
Vision for the Future: Recommendations
187
References
201
Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff
215
Acronyms
221
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