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World Health Organization Criteria
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Adaptation for Selective and Indicated Prevention
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The condition should be an important health problem.
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The MEB disorders to be prevented through identification of this risk factor should be a serious threat to mental health or increase the likelihood of substance abuse or delinquent or violent behavior.
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The natural history of the disease should be adequately understood.
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The antecedent history of the disorder and its developmental link to target risk factors should be adequately described.
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There should be a treatment for the condition.
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There should be an effective intervention to address the identified risks or early symptoms and signs of the MEB disorder. Early preventive intervention should lead to better outcomes than a treatment after onset.
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Facilities for diagnosis and treatment should be available.
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Facilities or settings for screening and intervention should be available.
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There should be a latent stage of the disease.
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There should be identifiable risk or protective factors or a latent stage of the disorder to be addressed by prevention.
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There should be a test or examination for the condition.
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There should be validated screening tools or interview techniques to identify risks or early symptoms. Tools should have acceptable accuracy when compared with formal assessments.
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The test should be acceptable to the population.
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Screening approaches and guidelines should be acceptable to the population and not cause labeling.
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There should be an agreed policy on whom to treat.
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There should be agreed-on guidelines for whom to refer for assessment, prevention services, or treatment.
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The total cost of finding a case should be economically balanced in relation to medical expenditure as a whole.
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The cost of finding a case should be affordable, cost-effective, and reimbursable.
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Case-finding should be a continuous process, not just a “once and for all” project.
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Screening can be population-based or targeted to at-risk groups or individuals. It should be longitudinally implemented, as risks and early signs or markers of MEB disorders may develop over time.
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