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Preconception/prenatal
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Genetic predisposition2,3,4,5
2nd generation immigrant1,3
Problems during pregnancy (diabetes and bleeding)3,4
Problems with fetal growth and development4,5
Maternal stress during pregnancy (such as spousal death)3,4
Maternal infection or flu exposure during pregnancy2,4,5
Hypoxia-related delivery complications2,3,4,5
Male gender3,5
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Parental diagnosis of schizophrenia2,4,5
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Urban setting1,3,4
Low SES1
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Early childhood
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Head injury2
Motor, language, and cognitive impairments3,4
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Family dysfunction1
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Urban setting1,3,4
Social adversity1
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