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Infancy and Early Childhood
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NRC and IOM (2000)
Self-regulation
-Attention regulation
-Appropriate emotional inhibitions and expression
-Early mastery and intrinsic motivation
-Executive functioning, planning, and problem solving
-Secure attachment
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NRC and IOM (2000)
Healthy physical environment
-Adequate prenatal and postnatal health care
-Adequate prenatal and postnatal nutrition
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NRC and IOM (2000)
Availability of high-quality child care
-Nurturance
-Support for early learning
-Access to supplemental services, such as feeding, screening for vision and hearing, support for working parents
-Stable secure attachment to child care provider
-Low ratio of caregivers to children
-Regulatory systems that support high quality of care
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Nurturing relationships with caregiver including:
-Reliable support and discipline from caregiver
-Responsiveness
-Protection from harms and fears
-Affection
-Opportunities to resolve conflict
-Support for development of new skills
-Reciprocal interactions
-Experience of being respected
-Stability and consistency in caregiver relationship
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Adequate birth weight
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Socioeconomic resources for the family
-Adequate income
-Ability to provide adequate nutrition, child care, safe housing, health care
-Higher parental education
-Cognitive stimulation in the home
-Parental low economic stress
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