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Tackling Marine Debris in the 21st Century (2009)

Chapter: Appendix D: Parties to MARPOL Annex V and Members of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations

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Page 189 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Parties to MARPOL Annex V and Members of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations." National Research Council. 2009. Tackling Marine Debris in the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12486.
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Page 190 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Parties to MARPOL Annex V and Members of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations." National Research Council. 2009. Tackling Marine Debris in the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12486.
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Page 191 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Parties to MARPOL Annex V and Members of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations." National Research Council. 2009. Tackling Marine Debris in the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12486.
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Page 192 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Parties to MARPOL Annex V and Members of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations." National Research Council. 2009. Tackling Marine Debris in the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12486.
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Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

D Parties to MARPOL Annex V and Members of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations Countries and fishing entities that are participants or parties to four key Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs): the Inter- American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC), the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), and the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC). These RFMOs are highlighted here because they all have FAD fisheries. 189

190 TACKLING MARINE DEBRIS IN THE 21ST CENTURY IATTC WCPFC Member countries Member countries Colombia + Australia + Costa Rica Canada Ecuador + China + El Salvador + Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) France + Cook Islands Guatemala + European Union* Japan + Federated States of Micronesia Korea, Republic of + Fiji Mexico + France + Nicaragua + Japan + Panama + Kiribati + Peru + Korea, Republic of + Spain + Republic of the Marshall Islands + United States + Nauru Vanuatu + New Zealand + Venezuela + Niue Palau Cooperating nonparties and Papua New Guinea fishing entities Philippines + Belize + Samoa + Canada Solomon Islands + China + Tonga + Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) Tuvalu + European Union* United States + Vanuatu + Cooperating nonparties Belize + Indonesia Participating territories American Samoa + Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands + French Polynesia + Guam New Caledonia Tokelau Wallis and Futuna + Party to MARPOL Annex V, according to the International Maritime Organization (2008). * While the European Union is not a party to MARPOL Annex V, several EU nations are parties.

APPENDIX D 191 ICCAT IOTC Member countries Member countries Angola + Australia + Albania + Belize + Algeria + China + Barbados + Comoros + Belize + Eritrea Brazil + European Community Canada France + Cape Verde + Guinea + China + India + Côte d’Ivoire + Indonesia Croatia + Iran + Egypt + Japan + European Union* Kenya + France (St. Pierre and Miquelon) + Korea, Republic of + Gabon + Madagascar + Ghana Malaysia Guatemala + Mauritius + Guinea, Equatorial Oman, Sultanate of + Guinea, Republic of + Pakistan + Honduras + Philippines + Iceland + Seychelles Japan + Sri Lanka + Korea, Republic of + Sudan Libya + Tanzania Morocco Thailand Mexico + United Kingdom + Namibia + Vanuatu + Nicaragua + Nigeria + Cooperating noncontracting parties Norway + Senegal + Panama + South Africa + Philippines + Uruguay + Russia + St Vincent and the Grenadines + São Tomé e Principe + Senegal + South Africa + Syria + Trinidad and Tobago + Tunisia + Turkey + United States + United Kingdom + Uruguay + Vanuatu + Venezuela + Cooperating noncontracting parties Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) Guyana Netherlands Antilles +

192 TACKLING MARINE DEBRIS IN THE 21ST CENTURY Reference International Maritime Organization. 2008. Status of Conventions by Country. [Online]. Available: http://www.imo.org/includes/blastDataOnly.asp/data_id%3D22499/ status-x.xls [August 4, 2008].

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Marine debris from ships and other ocean-based sources-including trash and lost fishing gear-contributes to the spoiling of beaches, fouling of surface waters and the seafloor, and harm to marine animals, among other effects. Unfortunately, international conventions and domestic laws intended to control marine debris have not been successful, in part because the laws, as written, provide little incentive to change behavior.

This book identifies ways to reduce waste, improve waste disposal at ports, and strengthen the regulatory framework toward a goal of zero waste discharge into the marine environment. Progress will depend on a commitment to sustained funding and appropriate institutional support.

The Interagency Marine Debris Coordinating Committee should, through planning and prioritization, target research to understand the sources, fates, and impacts of marine debris. It should support the establishment of scalable and statistically rigorous protocols that allow monitoring at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. These protocols should contain evaluative metrics that allow assessment of progress in marine debris mitigation. The United States, through leadership in the international arena, should provide technical assistance and support for the establishment of additional monitoring and research programs worldwide.

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