In the Light of Evolution, Volume II: Biodiversity and Extinction

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Table of Contents
Front Matter R1-R18
Part I: Contemporary Patterns and Processes in Animals 1-4
1 Ecological Extinction and Evolution in the Brave New Ocean--JEREMY B. C. JACKSON 5-26
2 Are We in the Midst of the Sixth Mass Extinction? A View from the World of Amphibians--DAVID B. WAKE and VANCE T. VREDENBURG 27-44
3 Patterns of Biodiversity and Endemism on Indo-West Pacific Coral Reefs--MARJORIE L. REAKA, PAULA J. RODGERS, and ALEXEI U. KUDLA 45-62
4 Homage to Linnaeus: How Many Parasites? How Many Hosts?--ANDY DOBSON, KEVIN D. LAFFERTY, ARMAND M. KURIS, RYAN F. HECHINGER, and WALTER JETZ 63-82
Part II: Contemporary Patterns and Processes in Plants and Microbes 83-84
5 Species Invasions and Extinction: The Future of Native Biodiversity on Islands--DOV F. SAX and STEVEN D. GAINES 85-106
6 How Many Tree Species Are There in the Amazon and How Many of Them Will Go Extinct?--STEPHEN P. HUBBELL, FANGLIANG HE, RICHARD CONDIT, LUIS BORDA-DE-ÁGUA, JAMES KELLNER, and HANS TER STEEGE 107-126
7 Microbes on Mountainsides: Contrasting Elevational Patterns of Bacterial and Plant Diversity--JESSICA A. BRYANT, CHRISTINE LAMANNA, HÉLÈNE MORLON, ANDREW J. KERKHOFF, BRIAN J. ENQUIST, and JESSICA L. GREEN 127-148
8 Resistance, Resilience, and Redundancy in Microbial Communities--STEVEN D. ALLISON and JENNIFER B. H. MARTINY 149-166
Part III: Trends and Processes in the Paleontological Past 167-170
9 Extinction as the Loss of Evolutionary History--DOUGLAS H. ERWIN 171-188
10 Extinction and the Spatial Dynamics of Biodiversity--DAVID JABLONSKI 189-206
11 Dynamics of Origination and Extinction in the Marine Fossil Record--JOHN ALROY 207-226
12 Megafauna Biomass Tradeoff as a Driver of Quaternary and Future Extinctions--ANTHONY D. BARNOSKY 227-242
Part IV: Prospects for the Future 243-246
13 A Phylogenetic Perspective on the Distribution of Plant Diversity--MICHAEL J. DONOGHUE 247-262
14 Phylogenetic Trees and the Future of Mammalian Biodiversity--T. JONATHAN DAVIES, SUSANNE A. FRITZ, RICHARD GRENYER, C. DAVID L. ORME, JON BIELBY, OLAF R. P. BININDA-EMONDS, MARCEL CARDILLO, KATE E. JONES, JOHN L. GITTLEMAN, GEORGINA M. MACE, and ANDY PURVIS 263-280
15 Three Ambitious (and Rather Unorthodox) Assignments for the Field of Biodiversity Genetics--JOHN C. AVISE 281-296
16 Engaging the Public in Biodiversity Issues--MICHAEL J. NOVACEK 297-316
17 Further Engaging the Public on Biodiversity Issues--PETER J. BRYANT 317-328
18 Where Does Biodiversity Go from Here? A Grim Business-as-Usual Forecast and a Hopeful Portfolio of Partial Solutions--PAUL R. EHRLICH and ROBERT M. PRINGLE 329-346
References 347-394
Index 395-414

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Taxon	Starting Date	Location	% Loss	Ref.
Bull shark	1973	North Carolina	99	Myers et al. (2007)
Sandbar shark	1976	North Carolina	87	Myers et al. (2007)
Coral reefs
Live coral cover	1977	Caribbean	80	Newman et al. (2006)
Live coral cover	1977	Caribbean	90	Gardner et al. (2003)
Live coral cover	1980–1982	Indo-West Pacific	46	Pandolfi and Jackson (2006)
Commercial sponges	1924	Florida	89	Lessios et al. (1984)
Diadema antillarum	1977	Caribbean	92	Aronson and Precht (2001)
Reef fish density	1977	Caribbean	90	Gardner et al. (2003)
Green turtle	1700s	Caribbean	>99	McClenachan and Cooper (2008)
Hawksbill turtle	1700s	Caribbean	>99	McClenachan and Cooper (2008)
Goliath grouper	1956	Florida Keys	96	McClenachan et al. (2007)
Large carnivores	Pristine	Global	85	Lewis (2002); Pandolfi et al. (2005)
Small carnivores	Pristine	Global	61	Lewis (2002); Pandolfi et al. (2005)
Large herbivores	Pristine	Global	87	Lewis (2002);Pandolfi et al. (2005)
Small herbivores	Pristine	Global	66	Lewis (2002); Pandolfi et al. (2005)
Corals	Pristine	Global	61	Lewis (2002); Pandolfi et al. (2005)
Suspension feeders	Pristine	Global	49	Lewis (2002); Pandolfi et al. (2005)
Seagrasses	Pristine	Global	50	Lewis (2002); Pandolfi et al. (2005)
NOTES: Starting dates are beginning of time series except in cases of estimated declines from the pristine, unexploited condition. See original references for details. ^aSubmerged aquatic vegetation.

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