FIGURE 3.2 Contours of species richness for reef stomatopods in the IWP. Numbers represent species present in each contour. Arrows indicate major currents. All species of Alainosquillidae, Gonodactylidae, Odontodactylidae, Protosquillidae, and Takuidae are included; Pseudosquillidae occur on reefs but are excluded from analysis because their reproductive, larval, and life history patterns differ from those of other reef-dwelling families (Reaka, 1979, 1980; Reaka and Manning, 1987a). Data are from our own collections, National Museum of Natural History collections, and published literature [updated to currently accepted taxonomy (Ahyong, 2001; Schram and Muller, 2004)].

regions over time (Ladd, 1960; Jokiel and Martinelli, 1992; Briggs, 1995; Connolly et al., 2003). Peaks of stomatopod diversity in the IAA and western IO are consistent with this hypothesis, but Barber and Bellwood (2005) and the present study find speciation and endemism in both peripheral regions and diversity centers.

Higher productivity—the rate at which energy flows through an ecosystem—allows an ecosystem to support more species (although diversity often declines at very high levels of productivity) (Rosenzweig, 1995). Similarly, increased temperature accelerates speciation (Allen and Gillooly, 2006; Allen et al., 2006), but Bellwood et al. (2005) find no relationship between sea surface temperature and diversity of reef corals and fishes. Phytoplankton abundance has not been compared previously with contours of reef diversity. The general pattern of stomatopod diversity correlates fairly well with phytoplankton productivity (Figs. 3.2 and 3.3). We later infer that phytoplankton productivity affects body size and extinction/speciation dynamics of stomatopods on high (volcanic peaks with