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In the Light of Evolution, Volume II: Biodiversity and Extinction (2008)
National Academy of Sciences (NAS)

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. "1 Ecological Extinction and Evolution in the Brave New Ocean--JEREMY B. C. JACKSON." In the Light of Evolution, Volume II: Biodiversity and Extinction. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2008.

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In the Light of Evolution: Volume II—Biodiversity and Extinction

Taxon

Starting Date

Location

% Loss

Ref.

Oysters

Pristine

Global

91

Lötze et al. (2006)

Mussels

Pristine

Global

47

Lötze et al. (2006)

Crustaceans

Pristine

Global

39

Lötze et al. (2006)

Other invertebrates

Pristine

Global

49

Lötze et al. (2006)

Seagrass

Pristine

Global

65

Lötze et al. (2006)

SAVa

Pristine

Global

48

Lötze et al. (2006)

Wetlands

Pristine

Global

67

Lötze et al. (2006)

Large carnivores

Pristine

Global

77

Lötze et al. (2006)

Small carnivores

Pristine

Global

60

Lötze et al. (2006)

Large herbivores

Pristine

Global

63

Lötze et al. (2006)

Small herbivores

Pristine

Global

54

Lötze et al. (2006)

Suspension feeders

Pristine

Global

68

Lötze et al. (2006)

Shelf and pelagic fisheries

Large predatory fishes

1900

N. Atlantic

89

Christensen et al. (2003)

Atlantic cod

1852

Scotian shelf

96

Rosenberg et al. (2005)

Fish 4–16 kg

Pristine

North Sea

97

Jennings and Blanchard (2004)

Fish 16–66 kg

Pristine

North Sea

99

Jennings and Blanchard (2004)

Large predatory fish

1950s

Global

90

Myers and Worm (2003)

Large pelagic predators

1950s

Tropical Pacific

90

Polacheck (2006)

Fishery biomass

1959

Bohai Sea

95

Tang et al. (2003)

Coastal and pelagic sharks

Hammerheads

1986

N.W. Atlantic

89

Baum et al. (2003)

Scalloped hammerhead

1972

North Carolina

98

Myers et al. (2007)

White

1986

N.W. Atlantic

79

Baum et al. (2003)

Tiger

1986

N.W. Atlantic

65

Baum et al. (2003)

Tiger

1973

North Carolina

97

Myers et al. (2007)

Carcharhinus spp.

1986

N.W. Atlantic

61

Baum et al. (2003)

Thresher

1986

N.W. Atlantic

80

Baum et al. (2003)

Blue

1986

N.W. Atlantic

60

Baum et al. (2003)

Mako

1986

N.W. Atlantic

70

Baum et al. (2003)

Mako

1950s

Gulf of Mexico

45

Baum and Myers(2004)

Oceanic whitetip

1950s

Gulf of Mexico

99

Baum and Myers (2004)

Silky

1950s

Gulf of Mexico

91

Baum and Myers (2004)

Dusky

1950s

Gulf of Mexico

79

Baum and Myers (2004)

Dusky

1972

North Carolina

99

Myers et al. (2007)

Blacktip shark

1972

North Carolina

93

Myers et al. (2007)

Page
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Front Matter (R1-R18)
Part I: Contemporary Patterns and Processes in Animals (1-4)
1 Ecological Extinction and Evolution in the Brave New Ocean--JEREMY B. C. JACKSON (5-26)
2 Are We in the Midst of the Sixth Mass Extinction? A View from the World of Amphibians--DAVID B. WAKE and VANCE T. VREDENBURG (27-44)
3 Patterns of Biodiversity and Endemism on Indo-West Pacific Coral Reefs--MARJORIE L. REAKA, PAULA J. RODGERS, and ALEXEI U. KUDLA (45-62)
4 Homage to Linnaeus: How Many Parasites? How Many Hosts?--ANDY DOBSON, KEVIN D. LAFFERTY, ARMAND M. KURIS, RYAN F. HECHINGER, and WALTER JETZ (63-82)
Part II: Contemporary Patterns and Processes in Plants and Microbes (83-84)
5 Species Invasions and Extinction: The Future of Native Biodiversity on Islands--DOV F. SAX and STEVEN D. GAINES (85-106)
6 How Many Tree Species Are There in the Amazon and How Many of Them Will Go Extinct?--STEPHEN P. HUBBELL, FANGLIANG HE, RICHARD CONDIT, LUIS BORDA-DE-ÁGUA, JAMES KELLNER, and HANS TER STEEGE (107-126)
7 Microbes on Mountainsides: Contrasting Elevational Patterns of Bacterial and Plant Diversity--JESSICA A. BRYANT, CHRISTINE LAMANNA, HÉLÈNE MORLON, ANDREW J. KERKHOFF, BRIAN J. ENQUIST, and JESSICA L. GREEN (127-148)
8 Resistance, Resilience, and Redundancy in Microbial Communities--STEVEN D. ALLISON and JENNIFER B. H. MARTINY (149-166)
Part III: Trends and Processes in the Paleontological Past (167-170)
9 Extinction as the Loss of Evolutionary History--DOUGLAS H. ERWIN (171-188)
10 Extinction and the Spatial Dynamics of Biodiversity--DAVID JABLONSKI (189-206)
11 Dynamics of Origination and Extinction in the Marine Fossil Record--JOHN ALROY (207-226)
12 Megafauna Biomass Tradeoff as a Driver of Quaternary and Future Extinctions--ANTHONY D. BARNOSKY (227-242)
Part IV: Prospects for the Future (243-246)
13 A Phylogenetic Perspective on the Distribution of Plant Diversity--MICHAEL J. DONOGHUE (247-262)
14 Phylogenetic Trees and the Future of Mammalian Biodiversity--T. JONATHAN DAVIES, SUSANNE A. FRITZ, RICHARD GRENYER, C. DAVID L. ORME, JON BIELBY, OLAF R. P. BININDA-EMONDS, MARCEL CARDILLO, KATE E. JONES, JOHN L. GITTLEMAN, GEORGINA M. MACE, and ANDY PURVIS (263-280)
15 Three Ambitious (and Rather Unorthodox) Assignments for the Field of Biodiversity Genetics--JOHN C. AVISE (281-296)
16 Engaging the Public in Biodiversity Issues--MICHAEL J. NOVACEK (297-316)
17 Further Engaging the Public on Biodiversity Issues--PETER J. BRYANT (317-328)
18 Where Does Biodiversity Go from Here? A Grim Business-as-Usual Forecast and a Hopeful Portfolio of Partial Solutions--PAUL R. EHRLICH and ROBERT M. PRINGLE (329-346)
References (347-394)
Index (395-414)