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In the Light of Evolution: Volume II—Biodiversity and Extinction
Taxon
Starting Date
Location
% Loss
Ref.
Oysters
Pristine
Global
91
Lötze et al. (2006)
Mussels
Pristine
Global
47
Lötze et al. (2006)
Crustaceans
Pristine
Global
39
Lötze et al. (2006)
Other invertebrates
Pristine
Global
49
Lötze et al. (2006)
Seagrass
Pristine
Global
65
Lötze et al. (2006)
SAVa
Pristine
Global
48
Lötze et al. (2006)
Wetlands
Pristine
Global
67
Lötze et al. (2006)
Large carnivores
Pristine
Global
77
Lötze et al. (2006)
Small carnivores
Pristine
Global
60
Lötze et al. (2006)
Large herbivores
Pristine
Global
63
Lötze et al. (2006)
Small herbivores
Pristine
Global
54
Lötze et al. (2006)
Suspension feeders
Pristine
Global
68
Lötze et al. (2006)
Shelf and pelagic fisheries
Large predatory fishes
1900
N. Atlantic
89
Christensen et al. (2003)
Atlantic cod
1852
Scotian shelf
96
Rosenberg et al. (2005)
Fish 4–16 kg
Pristine
North Sea
97
Jennings and Blanchard (2004)
Fish 16–66 kg
Pristine
North Sea
99
Jennings and Blanchard (2004)
Large predatory fish
1950s
Global
90
Myers and Worm (2003)
Large pelagic predators
1950s
Tropical Pacific
90
Polacheck (2006)
Fishery biomass
1959
Bohai Sea
95
Tang et al. (2003)
Coastal and pelagic sharks
Hammerheads
1986
N.W. Atlantic
89
Baum et al. (2003)
Scalloped hammerhead
1972
North Carolina
98
Myers et al. (2007)
White
1986
N.W. Atlantic
79
Baum et al. (2003)
Tiger
1986
N.W. Atlantic
65
Baum et al. (2003)
Tiger
1973
North Carolina
97
Myers et al. (2007)
Carcharhinus spp.
1986
N.W. Atlantic
61
Baum et al. (2003)
Thresher
1986
N.W. Atlantic
80
Baum et al. (2003)
Blue
1986
N.W. Atlantic
60
Baum et al. (2003)
Mako
1986
N.W. Atlantic
70
Baum et al. (2003)
Mako
1950s
Gulf of Mexico
45
Baum and Myers(2004)
Oceanic whitetip
1950s
Gulf of Mexico
99
Baum and Myers (2004)
Silky
1950s
Gulf of Mexico
91
Baum and Myers (2004)
Dusky
1950s
Gulf of Mexico
79
Baum and Myers (2004)
Dusky
1972
North Carolina
99
Myers et al. (2007)
Blacktip shark
1972
North Carolina
93
Myers et al. (2007)
Front Matter (R1-R18)
Part I: Contemporary Patterns and Processes in Animals (1-4)
1 Ecological Extinction and Evolution in the Brave New Ocean--JEREMY B. C. JACKSON (5-26)
2 Are We in the Midst of the Sixth Mass Extinction? A View from the World of Amphibians--DAVID B. WAKE and VANCE T. VREDENBURG (27-44)
3 Patterns of Biodiversity and Endemism on Indo-West Pacific Coral Reefs--MARJORIE L. REAKA, PAULA J. RODGERS, and ALEXEI U. KUDLA (45-62)
4 Homage to Linnaeus: How Many Parasites? How Many Hosts?--ANDY DOBSON, KEVIN D. LAFFERTY, ARMAND M. KURIS, RYAN F. HECHINGER, and WALTER JETZ (63-82)
Part II: Contemporary Patterns and Processes in Plants and Microbes (83-84)
5 Species Invasions and Extinction: The Future of Native Biodiversity on Islands--DOV F. SAX and STEVEN D. GAINES (85-106)
6 How Many Tree Species Are There in the Amazon and How Many of Them Will Go Extinct?--STEPHEN P. HUBBELL, FANGLIANG HE, RICHARD CONDIT, LUIS BORDA-DE-ÁGUA, JAMES KELLNER, and HANS TER STEEGE (107-126)
7 Microbes on Mountainsides: Contrasting Elevational Patterns of Bacterial and Plant Diversity--JESSICA A. BRYANT, CHRISTINE LAMANNA, HÉLÈNE MORLON, ANDREW J. KERKHOFF, BRIAN J. ENQUIST, and JESSICA L. GREEN (127-148)
8 Resistance, Resilience, and Redundancy in Microbial Communities--STEVEN D. ALLISON and JENNIFER B. H. MARTINY (149-166)
Part III: Trends and Processes in the Paleontological Past (167-170)
9 Extinction as the Loss of Evolutionary History--DOUGLAS H. ERWIN (171-188)
10 Extinction and the Spatial Dynamics of Biodiversity--DAVID JABLONSKI (189-206)
11 Dynamics of Origination and Extinction in the Marine Fossil Record--JOHN ALROY (207-226)
12 Megafauna Biomass Tradeoff as a Driver of Quaternary and Future Extinctions--ANTHONY D. BARNOSKY (227-242)
Part IV: Prospects for the Future (243-246)
13 A Phylogenetic Perspective on the Distribution of Plant Diversity--MICHAEL J. DONOGHUE (247-262)
14 Phylogenetic Trees and the Future of Mammalian Biodiversity--T. JONATHAN DAVIES, SUSANNE A. FRITZ, RICHARD GRENYER, C. DAVID L. ORME, JON BIELBY, OLAF R. P. BININDA-EMONDS, MARCEL CARDILLO, KATE E. JONES, JOHN L. GITTLEMAN, GEORGINA M. MACE, and ANDY PURVIS (263-280)
15 Three Ambitious (and Rather Unorthodox) Assignments for the Field of Biodiversity Genetics--JOHN C. AVISE (281-296)
16 Engaging the Public in Biodiversity Issues--MICHAEL J. NOVACEK (297-316)
17 Further Engaging the Public on Biodiversity Issues--PETER J. BRYANT (317-328)
18 Where Does Biodiversity Go from Here? A Grim Business-as-Usual Forecast and a Hopeful Portfolio of Partial Solutions--PAUL R. EHRLICH and ROBERT M. PRINGLE (329-346)
References (347-394)
Index (395-414)