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Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs: Phase I. Proposed Approach for Recommending Revisions (2008)

Chapter: Appendix B A Selection of Laws and Regulations Governing the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B A Selection of Laws and Regulations Governing the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program." Institute of Medicine. 2008. Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs: Phase I. Proposed Approach for Recommending Revisions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12512.
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Page 131
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B A Selection of Laws and Regulations Governing the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program." Institute of Medicine. 2008. Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs: Phase I. Proposed Approach for Recommending Revisions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12512.
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Page 132
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B A Selection of Laws and Regulations Governing the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program." Institute of Medicine. 2008. Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs: Phase I. Proposed Approach for Recommending Revisions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12512.
×
Page 133
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B A Selection of Laws and Regulations Governing the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program." Institute of Medicine. 2008. Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs: Phase I. Proposed Approach for Recommending Revisions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12512.
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Page 134

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Appendix B A Selection of Laws and Regulations Governing the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program Year Law or Regulation Outcome 1946 Richard B. Russell National School Established the National School Lunch Program Lunch Act, P.L. 79-396 (NSLP) as a permanent program 1949 Agricultural Act of 1949, Section 416, Granted authority to the Commodity Credit P.L. 81-439 Corporation to donate commodities to various agencies, including the school lunch programs 1966 Child Nutrition Act of 1966, P.L. 89- Began the School Breakfast Program (SBP) as a 642 pilot project 1970 National School Lunch and Child Authorized special assistance fund for all schools Nutrition Act Amendments, P.L. 91- serving free and reduced-price lunches, established 248 uniform national guidelines to determine eligibility for free and reduced-price meals, and included several other key elements 1973 Definition of “milk,” Federal Register, Allowed schools to serve low-fat or skim milk 38:21777, August 13, 1973 1975 Amendments to the National School Amended the Child Nutrition Act to make the SBP Lunch Act and the Child Nutrition Act, permanent; mandated offer versus serve (OVS) to P.L. 94-105 reduce food waste in the NSLP 1976 Implementation Rule, Federal Register, Dropped butter and fortified margarine as part of the 41:23695, June 11, 1976 school lunch meal pattern; established OVS in high schools participating in the NSLP 1977 National School Lunch Act and Child Authorized OVS for middle and junior high schools Nutrition Amendments at the discretion of the school food authority P.L. 95-166 131

132 NUTRITION STANDARDS AND MEAL REQUIREMENTS 1978 Nutritional Requirements (Interim Required school lunches to meet one-third of the Rule), Federal Register, 43:37166, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) over a August 22, 1978 week’s time 1980 NSLP; Nutritional Requirements (Final Recommended (not required) that schools vary Rule), Federal Register, 45:32502, May portion sizes for four age groups: 1–2 years, 3–4 16, 1980 years, grades kindergarten–3 (ages 5–8), and grades 4–12 (ages 9 years and older); recommended larger portion sizes for grades 7–12; schools allowed to serve one meal pattern for all children in grades 4– 12 1981 Omnibus Reconciliation Act, Created substantial reductions in meal P.L. 97-35 reimbursement rates and commodity assistance; increased the charges to students for reduced-price lunches (from $0.20 to $0.40) and reduced-price breakfasts (from $0.10 to $0.30); expanded OVS to elementary schools and preschools at the discretion of the school food authority 1986 Amendments to the National School Extended the OVS option to school breakfasts Lunch Act and Child Nutrition Act, P.L. 99-591 1988 Amendment of the National School Added three cents to the school breakfast rate Lunch Act, P.L. 100-135 1987 Commodity Distribution and Reform Focused on the quality of commodities and Act, P.L. 100-237 authorized the testing of cash in lieu of commodities or commodity letter of credit 1989 1989 Reauthorization Act, Provided start-up money for the initiation of P.L. 101-147 breakfast programs 1994 Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Required that the NSLP and the SBP meals meet the Act, P.L. 103-448, Sec.106(b) Dietary Guidelines for Americans as they evolve; requires the use of a variety of meal-planning approaches, including food-based methods 1995 National School Lunch and School Allowed nutrient-based and food-based menu Breakfast Programs: School Meal planning; revised the meal pattern by increasing the Initiatives for Healthy Children (Final quantities of vegetables/fruits and grains and phased Rule), Federal Register, 60:31188, June out the traditional meal pattern; set nutrition 13, 1995 standards based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the 1989 RDAs; established specific minimum standards for key nutrients and calories; established the following age-grade groups: prekindergarten, kindergarten–6, 7–12, optional kindergarten–3

APPENDIX B 133 1996 Healthy Meals for Children Act of Authorized the use of the traditional meal pattern 1996, P.L.104-149 and any other reasonable approach 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Required that lunches and breakfasts provide one- Opportunity Reconciliation Act, P.L. third and one-half of RDAs over a week, 104-193 respectively (required by existing program regulation) 1998 William F. Goodling Child Nutrition Authorized pilot programs for universal breakfast Reauthorization Act of 1998, P.L. 105- programs in some elementary schools and extended 336 pilot programs for universal lunch programs and the commodity programs 2000 National School Lunch Program and Reinstated traditional food-based menu planning and School Breakfast Program: Additional established an alternate menu-planning approach, Menu Planning Approaches (Final thus expanding the menu-planning approaches to Rule), Federal Register, 65:26904, May five options 9, 2000 2001 No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, P.L. Reauthorized the McKinney-Vento Homeless 107-110 Assistance Act of 1987; provides homeless children with services comparable to those offered to other children in the school, including school nutrition programs; students are automatically enrolled in the program without submission of applications for free or reduced-price meals 2004 Child Nutrition and WIC Required the Secretary of the Department of Reauthorization Act of 2004, P.L. 108- Agriculture to issue rules with specific serving 265 recommendations to increase the consumption of foods emphasized by the latest Dietary Guidelines for Americans; mandated that local education agencies develop a local wellness policy to enhance the school nutrition environment; permanently authorized the Fruit and Vegetable Program (which is available to a limited number of states and schools and serves the fruits and vegetables outside the school meal programs); mandated that schools offer fluid milk with a variety of fat contents

Next: Appendix C Comparison of 1995 and 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans »
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The National School Breakfast Program feeds 10 million children each day, and the National School Lunch Program feeds more than 30 million students. Yet the national nutrition standards and meal requirements for these meals were created more than a decade ago, making them out of step with recent guidance about children's diets. With so many children receiving as much as 50 percent of their daily caloric intake from school meals, it is vital for schools to provide nutritious food alongside the best possible education for the success of their students. At the request of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Institute of Medicine assembled a committee to recommend updates and revisions to the school lunch and breakfast programs. The first part of the committee's work is reflected in the December 2008 IOM report Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs: Phase I. Proposed Approach for Recommending Revisions. Phase II of the report is expected in Fall 2009. This first report provides information about the committee's approach as it reviews the school lunch and breakfast programs. In the report's second part, the committee will share its findings and recommendations to bring these meals more in line with today's dietary guidelines. The committee welcomes public comments about its intended approach. An open forum will be held January 28, 2009 in Washington, DC to receive input from the public. Please go to http://www.iom.edu/fnb/schoolmeals for details or email FNBSchoolMeals@nas.edu with any input.

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