Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs: Phase I. Proposed Approach for Recommending Revisions

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Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs: Phase I. Proposed Approach for Recommending Revisions (2008)
Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)

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. "Appendix K Dietary Reference Intakes for Individuals Ages 4 Through 18 Years, Including Those Who Are Pregnant or Lactating." Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs: Phase I. Proposed Approach for Recommending Revisions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2008.

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Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs: Phase I. Proposed Approach for Recommending Revisions

TABLE K-8Additional Macronutrient Recommendations

Macronutrient	Recommended Intake
Dietary cholesterol	As low as possible while consuming a nutritionally adequate diet
Trans fatty acids	As low as possible while consuming a nutritionally adequate diet
Saturated fatty acids	As low as possible while consuming a nutritionally adequate diet
Added sugars	Limit to a maximum intake of no more than 25% of total energy^a
^aNot a recommended intake. A daily intake of added sugars that individuals should aim for to achieve a healthful diet was not set. SOURCE: IOM, 2006.

TABLE K-9 Estimated Energy Requirements

Group	Equation Used to Estimate Energy Requirement
Males
3–8 yr	EER = 88.5 − (61.9 × age [yr]) + PA × [(26.7 × weight [kg]) + (903 × height [m])] + 20
9–18 yr	EER = 88.5 − (61.9 × age [yr]) + PA × [(26.7 × weight [kg]) +(903 × height [m])] + 25
Females
3–8 yr	EER = 135.3 − (30.8 × age [yr]) + PA × [(10.0 × weight [kg]) + (934 × height [m])] + 20
9–18 yr	EER = 135.3 − (30.8 × age [yr]) + PA × [(10.0 × weight [kg]) + (934 × height [m])] + 25
NOTE: Estimated energy requirement (calories per day) = total energy expenditure + energy deposition; kg = kilograms; m = meters; PA = physical activity coefficient (see Table J-10). These equations provide an estimate of energy requirement. Relative body weight (i.e., loss, stable, gain) is the preferred indicator of energy adequacy. SOURCE: IOM, 2006.

TABLE K-10 Physical Activity Coefficients for Use in Estimated Energy Requirement Equations

Group	Physical Activity Coefficients for the Following Levels of Activity:
	Sedentary (PAL 1.0–1.39)	Low Active (PAL 1.4–1.59)	Active (PAL 1.6–1.89)	Very Active (PAL 1.9–2.5)
	Typical daily living activities (e.g., household tasks, walking to the bus)	Typical daily living activities plus 30–60 minutes of daily moderate activity (e.g., walking at 5–7 km/h)	Typical daily living activities plus at least 60 minutes of daily moderate activity	Typical daily living activities plus at least 60 minutes of daily moderate activity plus an additional 60 minutes of vigorous activity or 120 minutes of moderate activity
Males, 3–18 yr	1.00	1.13	1.26	1.42
Females, 3–18 yr	1.00	1.16	1.31	1.56
NOTE: PAL = physical activity level. SOURCE: IOM, 2006.