Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 123
Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary
Appendix E
Overview of Disease Surveillance Systems Presented in the Workshop by Order of Presentation
OCR for page 124
Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary
TABLE E-1 Overview of Disease Surveillance Systems Presented in the Workshop by Order of Presentationa
Systems Elements
GLEWS
WDIN
GAINS
NCASP
GPHIN
GOARN
Organizational Authority
OIE, FAO, and WHO
NWHC
WCS
Banfield and PU
PHAC
WHO
Date Initiated
2006
2006
2004
1998
2000
Data Source(s)
-OIE and FAO Disease Tracking Systems
-UN (WHO and others)
-EU
-Media
-web-based surveillance systems
Federal, state, and local government agencies; non-government organizations; private sector; and open source news reports
-Over 20 countries contribute wild bird data to GAINS.org with the support of FAO and WCS
-Census data from more than 105 million bird observations
-Banfield® electronic medical records (PetWare® Proprietary Software)
-MoH official reports
-Radio
-TV
-News (in Arabic, English, French, Farsi, Portuguese, Russian, Chinese, and Spanish)
Informal (ProMED, GPHIN), field data (case-based and aggregated data)
Data Verification
OIE’s Information Verification System; FAO EMPRES; OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centers; WHO Regional Office or country representative
Information not available
Field surveillance for HPAI in participating countries with the support of WCS staff and other GAINS partners
Information not available
Information filtered through an automated process and analyzed by GPHIN officials; WHO also verifies information
-WHO verifies information with member countries
OCR for page 125
Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary
ProMED-mail
DOD-GEIS
EWORS
ALERTA
ESSENCE
ArboNET
IDSA-EIN
ISID
DoD
DoD-GEIS and NAMRU-2
DoD-GEIS and NMRCD
DoD-GEIS
CDC
IDSA
1994
1996
1999
2003
1999
2000
1995
Media, official reports, local observers, seen or received by ProMED-mail readers, and ProMED-mail staff review of websites and traditional media
-DoD beneficiaries at 71 sentinel and non-sentinel sites globally
-DoD domestic and overseas laboratories
Urban hospital centers outpatient and acute care centers
-Indonesia
-Lao People’s Democratic Republic
-Cambodia
-Vietnam
-Peru
88 reporting units (Hospitals, clinics, health centers, nurseries in Peru) and 37 Peruvian Navy ships
Outpatient visit data across all military treatment facilities; captures every patient encounter in DOD
Health care providers, veterinarians and commercial laboratories report to state/local health department
Clinical data
Top moderator, expert subject matter moderators and sometimes outside experts review the information
Program specific
Country data sent to the EWORS central hub daily for analysis to identify increases in case counts for a particular syndrome
Central hub, which is located at NMRCD in Lima, Peru
Further investigate and/or validate the event through robust reporting, structured analysis, and ad hoc query mechanism
CDC performs regular analyses of the data usually weekly during the West Nile virus season
Information not available
OCR for page 126
Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary
Systems Elements
GLEWS
WDIN
GAINS
NCASP
GPHIN
GOARN
Dissemination of Data Analyses
-GLEWS Platform (web-based system)b
-Electronic distribution list
-WISDOM
-WDIN publications, listserve, and bulletin
GAINS.org
LAHVA
Alerts are emailed or posted to the GPHIN website daily
-GOARN secured website
-WHO’s response strategy and operations
Partners in Network
OIE, FAO, and WHO
22 (Government, educational, and non-governmental organizations)
23 (Government, educational, and non-governmental organizations)
Banfield hospitals (>640)
WHO and Public Health Agency of Canada
200
Human/Animal/Integrated Disease
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Human
Human
Funding Source(s)
Information not available
Information not available
Information not available
CDC
Government of Canada
NTI-WHO Global Emergency Response Fund
Fees
No
No
No
Information not available
Yes
No
Affiliated Database
OIE’s WAHIS
WHMN
HEDDS
CWDDC
SEANET
WISDOM
None
None
None
OCR for page 127
Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary
ProMED-mail
DOD-GEIS
EWORS
ALERTA
ESSENCE
ArboNET
IDSA-EIN
(1) ProMED-mail website and e-mails in English
(2) ProMED-mail in Portuguese, Spanish, and in Russian;
(3) ProMED-MBDS in English reports on countries bordering the Mekong river
Program specific
-EWORS is a multi-language software
-translates data into graphic presentations (e.g., site-specific geographical mapping)
Central hub contact the armed forces for a potential response and follow-up
Web-based epidemic outbreak detection and response application across the military health system
-Weekly updates: EpiX, USGS maps, and CDC website
-Monthly MMWR updates (July-November)
-Annual MMWR summary
-Journal articles
One to five e-mails or postings to members
Information not available
Five DoD overseas laboratories; military health system; and other U.S. and foreign agencies
DoD-GEIS and its partners
DoD-GEIS and its partners
DoD-GEIS and its partners
CDC
CDC and Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA)
Human
Human
Human
Pilot integrated human and animal
Human
Human
Human
Charitable and user donations
DoD
DoD
DoD
DoD
CDC
Information not available
No
No
No
No
No
No
Contingent on fee-based membership to IDSA or PIDS
None
Information not available
Information not available
Information not available
Information not available
Information not available
N/A
OCR for page 128
Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary
Systems Elements
GLEWS
WDIN
GAINS
NCASP
GPHIN
GOARN
Number of members, users, or subscribers
Information not available
Information not available
Information not available
Information not available
Information not available
WHO member countries (193)
Composition of members, users, or subscribers
OIE, FAO, and WHO member countries
Information not available
Information not available
Information not available
-National/EU/International agencies
-Academic institutions
-Non-profit
-international non-governmental organizations
N/A
NOTES: While the primary source of the information for this table is the workshop presentations, efforts were made to gather missing information and to verify information from official websites and documents produced by the organizations. ALERTA = Alerta Surveillance System in Peru; ArboNET = National surveillance system for arboviral diseases in the United States; Banfield = Banfield®, The Pet Hospital; CDC = U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CWDDC = Chronic Wasting Disease Data Clearinghouse; DoD = U.S. Department of Defense; DOD-GEIS = U.S. Department of Defense-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System; EMPRES = Emergency Prevention System; Epi-X = The Epidemic Information Exchange; ESSENCE = Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-based Epidemics; EU = European Union; EWORS = Early Warning Outbreak Recognition System; FAO = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; GAINS = Wild Bird Global Avian Influenza Network for Surveillance; GLEWS = Global Early Warning and Response System for Major Animal Diseases, including Zoonoses; GOARN = Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network; GPHIN = Global Public Health Intelligence Network; HEDDS = National HPAI Early Detection Data System; IDSA-EIN = Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network; ISID = International Society for Infectious Diseases; LAHVA = Linked Animal-Human Visual Analytics for Healthcare Surveillance, Management and Response; MBDS = Mekong Basin Disease Surveillance; MMWR = Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report; MoH = Ministry of Health; NAMRU-2 = U.S. Naval
OCR for page 129
Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary
ProMED-mail
DOD-GEIS
EWORS
ALERTA
ESSENCE
ArboNET
IDSA-EIN
>40,000 subscribers in 160 countries
97 partners that receive funding either directly or indirectly or they provide surveillance samples
Information not available
Information not available
Information not available
Information not available
1252 members
-Military
-Non-profit
-Government
-Academic institutions
-Others
Information not available
Information not available
Information not available
Information not available
Information not available
Information not available
Medical Research Unit No.2; NCASP = National Companion Animal Surveillance Program; NMRCD = Naval Medical Research Center Detachment in Lima, Peru; NTI = The Nuclear Threat Initiative; NWHC = U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center; OIE = World Organization for Animal Health; PHAC = Public Health Agency of Canada; PIDS = Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society; ProMED = Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases; PU = Purdue University; SEANET = Seabird Ecological Assessment Network; UN = United Nations; USGS = U.S. Geological Survey; WAHIS = World Animal Health Information System; WCS = Wildlife Conservation Society; WDIN = National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) Wildlife Disease Information Node; WHMN = Wildlife Health Monitoring Network; WHO = World Health Organization; WISDOM = Wildlife Information System for Disease Observation and Monitoring.
aThis matrix contains information about systems that were described in the workshop and not the many other surveillance activities or the organizations conducting them that may have been described during the presentations.
bA GLEWS platform is currently being developed, which will have a connection to the website with different level of confidentiality, and it will be based on the FAO EMPRES system. SOURCES: Compiled from the speakers’ presentations during the Workshop; DoD-GEIS, 2007; Center for Biosecurity, 2008; PHAC, 2008; WCS, 2008; WIDN, 2008.
OCR for page 130
Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary
This page intentionally left blank.
