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Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary (2008)

Chapter: Appendix E: Overview of Disease Surveillance Systems Presented in the Workshop by Order of Presentation

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Overview of Disease Surveillance Systems Presented in the Workshop by Order of Presentation." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12522.
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Page 123
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Overview of Disease Surveillance Systems Presented in the Workshop by Order of Presentation." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12522.
×
Page 124
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Overview of Disease Surveillance Systems Presented in the Workshop by Order of Presentation." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12522.
×
Page 125
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Overview of Disease Surveillance Systems Presented in the Workshop by Order of Presentation." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12522.
×
Page 126
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Overview of Disease Surveillance Systems Presented in the Workshop by Order of Presentation." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12522.
×
Page 127
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Overview of Disease Surveillance Systems Presented in the Workshop by Order of Presentation." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12522.
×
Page 128
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Overview of Disease Surveillance Systems Presented in the Workshop by Order of Presentation." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12522.
×
Page 129
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Overview of Disease Surveillance Systems Presented in the Workshop by Order of Presentation." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2008. Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12522.
×
Page 130

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Appendix E Overview of Disease Surveillance Systems Presented in the Workshop by Order of Presentation 123

124 GLOBAL SURVEILLANCE OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES TABLE E-1  Overview of Disease Surveillance Systems Presented in the Workshop by Order of Presentationa Systems Elements GLEWS WDIN GAINS NCASP GPHIN GOARN Organizational OIE, FAO, and NWHC WCS Banfield PHAC WHO Authority WHO and PU Date Initiated 2006 2006 2004 1998 2000 Data Source(s) -OIE and Federal, state, -Over 20 -Banfield® -MoH official Informal FAO Disease and local countries electronic reports (ProMED, Tracking government contribute medical -Radio GPHIN), field Systems agencies; non- wild bird records -TV data (case- -UN (WHO government data to (PetWare® -News based and and others) organizations; GAINS.org Proprietary (in Arabic, aggregated -EU private sector; with the Software) English, data) -Media and open support of French, Farsi, -web-based source news FAO and Portuguese, surveillance reports WCS Russian, systems -Census data Chinese, and from more Spanish) than 105 million bird observations Data Verification OIE’s Information Field Information Information -WHO Information not available surveillance not filtered verifies Verification for HPAI in available through an information System; FAO participating automated with member EMPRES; countries with process and countries OIE Reference the support of analyzed Laboratories WCS staff and by GPHIN and other GAINS officials; Collaborating partners WHO also Centers; WHO verifies Regional Office information or country representative

APPENDIX E 125 ProMED-mail DOD-GEIS EWORS ALERTA ESSENCE ArboNET IDSA-EIN ISID DoD DoD- DoD-GEIS DoD-GEIS CDC IDSA GEIS and and NMRCD NAMRU-2 1994 1996 1999 2003 1999 2000 1995 Media, -DoD Urban 88 reporting Outpatient Health care Clinical data official beneficiaries hospital units visit data providers, reports, local at 71 sentinel centers (Hospitals, across all veterinarians observers, and non- outpatient clinics, health military and seen or sentinel sites and acute centers, treatment commercial received by globally care centers nurseries in facilities; laboratories ProMED-mail -DoD -Indonesia Peru) and captures report to readers, and domestic -Lao People’s 37 Peruvian every patient state/local ProMED-mail and overseas Democratic Navy ships encounter in health staff review of laboratories Republic DOD department websites and -Cambodia traditional -Vietnam media -Peru Top Program Country Central hub, Further CDC Information not moderator, specific data sent to which is investigate performs available expert subject the EWORS located at and/or regular matter central hub NMRCD in validate the analyses moderators daily for Lima, Peru event through of the data and analysis robust usually sometimes to identify reporting, weekly during outside increases structured the West Nile experts in case analysis, and virus season review the counts for ad hoc query information a particular mechanism syndrome Continued

126 GLOBAL SURVEILLANCE OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES TABLE E-1  Continued Systems Elements GLEWS WDIN GAINS NCASP GPHIN GOARN Dissemination of -GLEWS -WISDOM GAINS.org LAHVA Alerts are -GOARN Data Analyses Platform (web- -WDIN emailed or secured based system)b publications, posted to website -Electronic listserve, and the GPHIN -WHO’s distribution list bulletin website daily response strategy and operations Partners in OIE, FAO, and 22 23 Banfield WHO and 200 Network WHO (Government, (Government, hospitals Public Health educational, educational, (>640) Agency of and non- and non- Canada governmental governmental organizations) organizations) Human/Animal/ Animal Animal Animal Animal Human Human Integrated Disease Funding Information Information Information CDC Government NTI-WHO Source(s) not available not available not available of Canada Global Emergency Response Fund Fees No No No Information Yes No not available Affiliated OIE’s WAHIS WHMN WISDOM None None None Database HEDDS CWDDC SEANET

APPENDIX E 127 ProMED-mail DOD-GEIS EWORS ALERTA ESSENCE ArboNET IDSA-EIN (1) ProMED- Program -EWORS is Central hub Web-based -Weekly One to five mail website specific a multi- contact the epidemic updates: e-mails or and e-mails in language armed forces outbreak EpiX, USGS postings to English software for a potential detection maps, members (2) ProMED- -translates response and and response and CDC mail in data into follow-up application website Portuguese, graphic across the -Monthly Spanish, and presentations military MMWR in Russian; (e.g., health system updates (July- (3) ProMED- site-specific November) MBDS in geographical -Annual English mapping) MMWR reports on summary countries -Journal bordering the articles Mekong river Information Five DoD DoD-GEIS DoD-GEIS DoD-GEIS CDC CDC and not available overseas and its and its and its Infectious laboratories; partners partners partners Disease Society military of America health (IDSA) system; and other U.S. and foreign agencies Human Human Human Pilot Human Human Human integrated human and animal Charitable DoD DoD DoD DoD CDC Information not and user available donations No No No No No No Contingent on fee-based membership to IDSA or PIDS None Information Information Information Information Information N/A not available not available not available not available not available Continued

128 GLOBAL SURVEILLANCE OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES TABLE E-1  Continued Systems Elements GLEWS WDIN GAINS NCASP GPHIN GOARN Number of Information Information Information Information Information WHO members, users, not available not available not available not not available member or subscribers available countries (193) Composition of OIE, FAO, and Information Information Information -National/ N/A members, users, WHO member not available not available not EU/Inter- or subscribers countries available national agencies -Academic institutions -Non-profit -international non- governmental organizations NOTES: While the primary source of the information for this table is the workshop presenta- tions, efforts were made to gather missing information and to verify information from official websites and documents produced by the organizations. ALERTA = Alerta Surveillance System in Peru; ArboNET = National surveillance system for arboviral diseases in the United States; Banfield = Banfield®, The Pet Hospital; CDC = U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Preven- tion; CWDDC = Chronic Wasting Disease Data Clearinghouse; DoD = U.S. Department of Defense; DOD-GEIS = U.S. Department of Defense-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System; EMPRES = Emergency Prevention System; Epi-X = The Epidemic In- formation Exchange; ESSENCE = Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-based Epidemics; EU = European Union; EWORS = Early Warning Outbreak Recognition System; FAO = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; GAINS = Wild Bird Global Avian Influenza Network for Surveillance; GLEWS = Global Early Warning and Response System for Major Animal Diseases, including Zoonoses; GOARN = Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network; GPHIN = Global Public Health Intelligence Network; HEDDS = National HPAI Early Detection Data System; IDSA-EIN = Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network; ISID = International Society for Infectious Diseases; LAHVA = Linked Animal-Human Visual Analytics for Healthcare Surveil- lance, Management and Response; MBDS = Mekong Basin Disease Surveillance; MMWR = Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report; MoH = Ministry of Health; NAMRU-2 = U.S. Naval

APPENDIX E 129 ProMED-mail DOD-GEIS EWORS ALERTA ESSENCE ArboNET IDSA-EIN >40,000 97 partners Information Information Information Information 1252 members subscribers in that receive not available not available not available not available 160 countries funding either directly or indirectly or they provide surveillance samples -Military Information Information Information Information Information Information not -Non-profit not available not available not available not available not available available -Government -Academic institutions -Others Medical Research Unit No.2; NCASP = National Companion Animal Surveillance Program; NMRCD = Naval Medical Research Center Detachment in Lima, Peru; NTI = The Nuclear Threat Initiative; NWHC = U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center; OIE = World Organization for Animal Health; PHAC = Public Health Agency of Canada; PIDS = Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society; ProMED = Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases; PU = Purdue University; SEANET = Seabird Ecological Assessment Network; UN = United Nations; USGS = U.S. Geological Survey; WAHIS = World Animal Health Information System; WCS = Wildlife Conservation Society; WDIN = National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) Wildlife Disease Information Node; WHMN = Wildlife Health Monitoring Network; WHO = World Health Organization; WISDOM = Wildlife Information System for Disease Observation and Monitoring. aThis matrix contains information about systems that were described in the workshop and not the many other surveillance activities or the organizations conducting them that may have been described during the presentations. bA GLEWS platform is currently being developed, which will have a connection to the website with different level of confidentiality, and it will be based on the FAO EMPRES system. SOURCES: Compiled from the speakers’ presentations during the Workshop; DoD-GEIS, 2007; Center for Bio­security, 2008; PHAC, 2008; WCS, 2008; WIDN, 2008.

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One of the biggest threats today is the uncertainty surrounding the emergence of a novel pathogen or the re-emergence of a known infectious disease that might result in disease outbreaks with great losses of human life and immense global economic consequences. Over the past six decades, most of the emerging infectious disease events in humans have been caused by zoonotic pathogens--those infectious agents that are transmitted from animals to humans.

In June 2008, the Institute of Medicine's and National Research Council's Committee on Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin convened a workshop. This workshop addressed the reasons for the transmission of zoonotic disease and explored the current global capacity for zoonotic disease surveillance.

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