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Beyond "Fortress America": National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World
Appendix D
Recent Studies and Initiatives Outside the National Academies
U.S. GOVERNMENT
Congressional Export Control Working Group (Congress)
The Defense Trade Controls Performance Improvement Act of 2007 (H.R. 4246), as amended, is now Subtitle A of Title I of the Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Reform Act of 2008 (H.R. 5916). Sponsored by Donald Manzullo (R-IL), Reps. Bradley Sherman (D-CA), Joseph Crowley (D-NY), and Roy Blunt (R-MO).
Congressional Research Service
The Export Administration Act: Evolution, Provisions, and Debate, Updated January 9, 2008, Ian F. Fergusson, Specialist in International Trade and Finance, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division, RL31832.
Foreign Science and Engineering Presence in U.S. Institutions and the Labor Force, Updated July 2008, Christine M. Matthews, 97-746.
Military Technology and Conventional Weapons Export Controls: The Wassenaar Arrangement, Updated September 29, 2006, Richard F. Grimmett, Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division, RS20517.
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Beyond "Fortress America": National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World
Deemed Export Advisory Committee, a technical advisory committee of the Bureau of Industry and Security, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
The Deemed Export Rule in the Era of Globalization. Released December 20, 2007.
Executive Office of the President
Presidential Export Controls Directive to “ensure that U.S. defense trade policies and practices better support the National Security Strategy of the United States, ” January 21, 2008.
Government Accountability Office
Export Controls: Challenges with Commerce’s Validated End-User Program May Limit its Ability to Ensure that Semiconductor Equipment Exported to China Is Used as Intended. Report to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives. Released September 2008.
Export Controls: State and Commerce Have not Taken Basic Steps to Better Ensure U.S. Interests Are Protected. Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce, and the District of Columbia, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate. Released April 2008.
Defense Trade: State Department Needs to Conduct Assessments to Identify and Address Inefficiencies and Challenges in the Arms Export Process. Report to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives. Released November 2007.
Defense Technologies: DOD’s Critical Technologies Lists Rarely Inform Export Control and Other Policy Decisions. GAO-06-793. Washington, D.C.: July 28, 2006.
Export Controls: Improvements to Commerce’s Dual-Use System Needed to Ensure Protection of U.S. Interests in the Post 9-11 Environment. GAO Report 06-638. Washington, D.C.: June 2006.
Export Controls: Issues to Consider in Authorizing a New Export Administration Act. GAO-02-468T. Washington, D.C.: February 2002.
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Beyond "Fortress America": National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World
Nonproliferation: Strategy Needed to Strengthen Multilateral Export Control Regimes. GAO-03-43. Washington, D.C.: October 2002.
U.S.-U.K. and U.S.-Australia Defense Trade Cooperation Treaty
Signed by administration in 2007 and currently pending ratification in the Senate.
NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
American Association for the Advancement of Science. Washington, D.C.
“Recommendations for Enhancing the U.S. Visa System to Advance America’s Scientific and Economic Competitiveness and National Security Interests.” Released May 2005.
Association of American Universities/Council on Government Relations. Washington, D.C.
“Restrictions on Research Awards: Troublesome Clauses 2007/2008.” Released July 2008.
Center for Strategic and International Studies. Washington, D.C.
“Toward a U.S. Export Control and Technology Transfer System for the 21st Century,” May 15, 2008.
“Briefing of the Working Group on the Health of the U.S. Space Industrial Base and the Impact of Export Controls,” February 2008.
“Trusted Partners: Sharing Technology within the U.S.-U.K. Security Relationship,” May 26, 2006.
“Security Controls on the Access of Foreign Scientists and Engineers to the United States,” October 2005.
“Security Controls on Scientific Information and the Conduct of Scientific Research,” June 2005.
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Center for International and Security Studies, University of Maryland
Controlling Dangerous Pathogens. Authors: John D. Steinbruner, Elisa D. Harris, Nancy Gallagher, Stacy M. Okutani. Released March 2007.
Coalition for Security and Competitiveness (a coalition of trade associations and related organizations, including the U.S. Chamber of Commerce)
Letter to the President on Export Control Modernization, March 2007.
Defense MOU Attachés Group (DMAG)
The DMAG’s Vision of the Ideal U.S. Export Control Regime, 2008.
The Hudson Institute, Washington D.C.
Export Controls and Technology Transfers: Turning Obstacles into Opportunities. Author: Maria Farkas. Released 2007. Report from the conference Defense Coalitions and the Global Character of the New Defense Industry, Hudson Institute, December 6, 2006.
Institute for Defense Analysis, Alexandria, VA
Export Controls and the U.S. Defense Industrial Base. Project leader: Richard Van Atta. Released January 2007.
NAFSA: Association of International Educators, Washington, D.C.
Restoring US Competitiveness for International Students and Scholars. June 19, 2006.
NATO Industrial Advisory Group (NIAG)
2007-2008 Study on Transatlantic Defence Industrial Cooperation.
RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California
U.S. Competitiveness in Science and Technology. Authors: Titus Galama, James Hosek. Released June 2008.
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Beyond "Fortress America": National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World
Security Defense Agenda in Brussels
Cutting through the Transatlantic Tangle of Defence Equipment Export Controls, an SDA Monthly Roundtable Report, January 2007.
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