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Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World (2009)

Chapter: Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies." National Research Council. 2009. Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12567.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies." National Research Council. 2009. Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12567.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies." National Research Council. 2009. Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12567.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies." National Research Council. 2009. Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12567.
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Page 88
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies." National Research Council. 2009. Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12567.
×
Page 89
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies." National Research Council. 2009. Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12567.
×
Page 90
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies." National Research Council. 2009. Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12567.
×
Page 91
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies." National Research Council. 2009. Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12567.
×
Page 92
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies." National Research Council. 2009. Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12567.
×
Page 93
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies." National Research Council. 2009. Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12567.
×
Page 94
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies." National Research Council. 2009. Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12567.
×
Page 95
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies." National Research Council. 2009. Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12567.
×
Page 96
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies." National Research Council. 2009. Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12567.
×
Page 97
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies." National Research Council. 2009. Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12567.
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Page 98

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Appendix B The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies John L. Hennessy (Cochair) John Hennessy is the President of Stanford University. He joined S ­ tanford’s faculty in 1977 as an assistant professor of electrical engi- neering. He rose through the academic ranks to full professorship in 1986. He served as chair of computer science from 1994 to 1996 and in 1996 was named dean of the School of Engineering. Dr. Hennessy was inaugurated as Stanford University’s 10th president in October 2000. In 2005, he became the inaugural holder of the Bing Presidential Professor­ship. A pioneer in computer architecture, Dr. Hennessy in 1981 drew together researchers to focus on a computer architecture known as RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), a technology that has revolutionized the computer industry by increasing perfor- mance while reducing costs. In addition to his role in the basic research, Dr. Hennessy helped transfer this technology to industry. In 1984, he cofounded MIPS Computer Systems, now MIPS Technologies, which designs micro­processors. In recent years, his research has focused on the architecture of high-­performance computers. Dr. Hennessy is a recipi- ent of numerous ­medals, including the 2000 IEEE John von ­Neumann Medal and the 2000 ASEE Benjamin Garver Lamme Award. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the National Academy of ­Sciences, and he is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Association for Computing Machinery, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Brent Scowcroft (Cochair) Brent Scowcroft (Lt. General U.S. Air Force–Retired) is the President and founder of The Scowcroft Group. He has served as the National 85

86 APPENDIX B Security Advisor to both Presidents Gerald Ford and George H.W. Bush. From 1982 to 1989, he was Vice Chairman of Kissinger Associ- ates, Inc., an international consulting firm. In this capacity, he advised and assisted a wide range of U.S. and foreign corporate leaders on global joint venture opportunities, strategic planning, and risk assess- ment. A graduate from West Point, his 29-year military career in the Air Force included service as Deputy National Security Advisor; as Professor of Russian History at West Point; as Assistant Air Attaché in Belgrade, Yugoslavia; as Head of the Political Science Department at the Air Force Academy; in Air Force Long Range Plans; in the Office of the Secretary of Defense International Security Assistance; as Special Assistant to the Director of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; and as Military Assistant to President Nixon. Out of uniform, he continued in a public policy capacity by serving on the President’s Advisory Com- mittee on Arms Control, the Commission on Strategic Forces, and the President’s Special Review Board, also known as the Tower Commis- sion. He currently serves on numerous corporate and nonprofit boards. He earned his masters and doctorate degrees in international relations from ­Columbia University. Ronald M. Atlas Ronald Atlas is Professor of Biology and Public Health, and Co-­director of the Center for Health Hazards Preparedness at the University of Louisville. He received his BS degree from the State University at Stony Brook, his masters of science and doctorate degrees from Rutgers the State University, and a DSc (honoris causa) from the University of Guelph. He was a postdoctoral fellow at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory where he worked on Mars Life Detection. He is chair of NASA’s Plan- etary Protection Subcommittee, co-chair of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Task Force on Biodefense. He previously served as President of ASM, was a member of the NIH Recombinant Advisory committee, was on the Board of Governors of the Council of Graduate Schools (CGS), and was a member of the DHS Homeland Security Sci- ence and Technology Advisory Committee. His early research focused on oil spills and he discovered bioremediation as part of his doctoral studies. Later he turned to the molecular detection of pathogens in the environment which forms the basis for biosensors to detect biothreat agents. He is author of nearly 300 manuscripts and 20 books. He is a fellow in the American Academy of Microbiology and has received the ASM Award for Applied and Environmental Microbiology, the

APPENDIX B 87 ASM Founders Award, and the Edmund Youde Lectureship Award in Hong Kong. William F. Ballhaus, Jr. William Ballhaus is the retired President and CEO of the Aerospace Corporation.  Prior to joining Aerospace Corp, Dr. Ballhaus served as Corporate Officer and Vice President, Engineering and Technology at Lockheed Martin Corp. and previously served as president of two M ­ artin Marietta businesses. Before joining Martin Marietta, Dr. Ballhaus served as Director of NASA’s Ames Research Center at Moffett Field and Edwards Air Force Base, California, from 1984 to 1989. Dr. Ballhaus published more than 40 papers on computational aerodynamics in the 1970s and 1980s. Dr. Ballhaus is a member of the Defense Science Board and the NOAA Science Advisory Board. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and is serving as Vice Chairman of the Space Foundation. Dr. Ballhaus is a member of the International Academy of Astronautics and is an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and the Royal Aeronautical Society. He serves on the JPL Advisory Council. Dr. Ballhaus served on the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board from 1994 to 2001 and was board co-chair from 1996 to 1999. Dr. Ballhaus has participated in a number of national-level independent reviews of troubled space and missile programs. He also served on the Defense Science Board study on the Acquisition of National Security Space Programs and on the Missile Defense Agency Independent Review of missile defense system test failures in the mid-2000s.  Dr. Ballhaus has won numerous awards and honors. Alfred R. Berkeley, III Alfred Berkeley, III is currently Chairman of Pipeline Trading Systems, LLC, an Alternative Trading System for equity block trades. Previ- ously, he was President and then Vice Chairman of the NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc. from May 1996 to July 2003. Prior to NASDAQ, he was managing director and senior banker in the Corporate Finance Depart- ment of Alex, Brown & Sons, Inc., financing computer software and electronic commerce companies. Berkeley joined Alex, Brown & Sons in 1972 as a research analyst and became a general partner in 1983. From 1985 to 1987, he served as Head of Information Services for the firm. In that capacity, he was responsible for all corporate information services, including both the firm’s back and front office technology. Berkeley then

88 APPENDIX B moved to Alex, Brown’s Merger and Acquisition department where, from 1987 to 1989, he developed the firm’s technology practice. He is a Trustee of Johns Hopkins University, Kintera, Inc., and Webex, Inc. He is a member of the National Infrastructure Assurance Council and serves on several other non-profit and for-profit boards. Claude R. Canizares Claude Canizares is the Vice President for Research and Associate P ­ rovost at MIT and the Bruno Rossi Professor of Physics there. He has overall responsibility for research activity and policy at the Institute, overseeing more than a dozen interdisciplinary research laboratories and centers, including the MIT Lincoln Laboratory, the Broad Insti- tute, the Plasma Science and Fusion Center, the Research Laboratory of Electronics, the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology, the Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, the Haystack Observatory, and the Division of Health Sciences and Technology. He oversees several offices dealing with research policy and administration, and he chairs the Research Policy Committee and serves on the Academic Council and the Aca- demic Appointments committee, among others. His service outside of MIT includes the Council of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council (NRC) committees on Science Engineering and Public Policy and on Science Communication and National Security. He is also on the Board of Directors of the L-3 Communications, Inc. Professor Canizares is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the International Academy of Astronautics and is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the American Physical Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Gail H. Cassell Gail Cassell is Vice President, Scientific Affairs and Distinguished Lilly Research Scholar for Infectious Diseases, Eli Lilly and Com- pany in ­Indianapolis, Indiana. She is the former Charles H. McCauley P ­ rofessor and Chairman of the Department of Microbiology at the Uni- versity of Alabama Schools of Medicine and Dentistry at ­Birmingham. She obtained her BS from the University of Alabama in ­ Tuscaloosa and in 1993 was selected as one of the top 31 female graduates of the 20th century. She obtained her doctorate in microbiology from the University of Alabama at Birmingham and was selected as its 2003 Distinguished Alumnus. She is a past President of the ASM. She was a member of the NIH Director’s Advisory Committee and a member

APPENDIX B 89 of the Advisory Council of the National Institute of Allergy and Infec- tious Diseases of NIH. She is a member of several boards, including the original Board of Scientific Councilors of the Center for Infec- tious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and served as Chair of the Board. She recently served a three-year term on the Advisory Board of the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and as a member of the Secretary of Health and Human Services Advisory Council of Public Health Preparedness. Since 1996 she has been a member of the U.S.- Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program (U.S. State Department and Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs). She has served on several edi- torial boards of scientific journals and has authored over 250 articles and book chapters. Dr. Cassell has received national and international awards and an honorary degree for her research in infectious diseases. She is a member of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Sciences and is currently serving a three-year term on the IOM Council, the governing board. France A. Córdova France Córdova is President of Purdue University. Her career has spanned academia, national research labs, and government organiza- tions: as Professor of Physics, and Vice Chancellor for Research at the University of California, Santa Barbara; as Head of the Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Pennsylvania State University; as Chief Scientist at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); and as Deputy Group Leader and Staff Scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Dr. Córdova’s scientific contributions have been in the areas of observational and experimental astrophysics, mul- tispectral research on x-ray and gamma-ray sources, and space-borne instrumentation. She has published 150 scientific papers. Dr. Córdova currently serves on the advisory committee for the National Academies’ Policy and Global Affairs Division, and served on numerous commit- tees of the National Academies and governmental agencies. She has been awarded NASA’s highest honor, the Public Service medal, and is a year 2000 Kilby Laureate. Dr. Córdova is a National Associate of the National Academies, and is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Science Board. She has degrees from Stanford University and the California Institute of Technology, and an honorary degree from Loyola-Marymount University.

90 APPENDIX B Ruth A. David Ruth David is President and Chief Executive Officer of Analytic Services Inc., a nonprofit research institute focusing on national security, home- land security, and public safety issues. She initiated a corporate focus on homeland security in 1999 and established the ANSER Institute for Homeland Security early in 2001; today the corporation operates the Homeland Security Institute, a federally funded research and develop- ment center sponsored by the Department of Homeland Security, in addition to the ANSER business unit. Before assuming her current position in 1998, David was Deputy Director for Science and Technol- ogy at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). As technical advisor to the Director of Central Intelligence, she was responsible for research, development, and deployment of technologies in support of all phases of the intelligence process. Dr. David is a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and currently serves on the NAE Council, as well as several committees of the NRC. She chairs the NRC Standing Com- mittee on Technology Insight—Gauge, Evaluate, and Review (TIGER). She is a member of the Homeland Security Advisory Council, first established to advise the President, and now advising the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security. She also serves on the National Security Agency Advisory Board, the Hertz Foundation Board, the Wichita State University Foundation National Advisory Committee, and is a member of the Draper Corporation. Previously, David served in several leadership positions at the Sandia National Laboratories, where she began her professional career in 1975. David received a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from Wichita State University and a Master’s of Science degree and a doctorate in electrical engineer- ing from Stanford University. Gerald L. Epstein Gerald Epstein is Senior Fellow for Science and Security in the Home- land Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, where he is working on issues that include biological ­weapons threats and potential tensions between the scientific research and national security communities. He is also an adjunct professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service. He came to CSIS from the Institute for Defense Analysis, where he was assigned to the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. From 1996 to 2001, he worked at the White House Office of Science and Technol- ogy Policy (OSTP), serving for the final year in a joint appointment as

APPENDIX B 91 Assistant Director of OSTP for National Security and Senior Director for Science and Technology on the National Security Council staff. Prior to his White House service, he held positions at the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment, Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, and Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. Dr. Epstein is a member of the ­editorial board for the journal Biosecurity and Bioterrorism and serves on the Biological Threats Panel of the National Academy of Sciences’ Com- mittee on International Security and Arms Control. He is a coauthor of Beyond Spinoff: Military and Commercial Technologies in a Changing World (Harvard Business School Press, 1992) and holds a doctorate in physics from the University of California at Berkeley. John Gage John Gage is one of the founders of Sun Microsystems and served as Chief Researcher and Director of the Science Office of Sun until this year. Today, he is a Greentechnology partner at Kleiner Perkins Caufield and Byers, a Silicon Valley venture capital firm that helped create Sun, Google, Netscape, Genentech, Ausra, Bekon, and many other technol- ogy pioneers. He was a Fellow at the Kennedy School of Government, in the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy. Mr. Gage has served on the Mathematical Sciences Education Board of the National Academy of Sciences, on the Board of Regents of the United States Library of Medicine, and on numerous boards and advi- sory panels, including those for FermiLabs, NetDay, Schools On-Line, The Markle Foundation Task Force on National Security, the United States Institute for Peace, the Malaysian Multimedia Supercorridor, and the Tegla Loroupe Peace Foundation in Kenya. B. R. Inman B. R. Inman (Admiral USN–Ret.) is the Lyndon B. Johnson Centennial Chair in National Policy at the University of Texas at Austin. Admiral Inman graduated from the University of Texas at Austin in 1950, and from the National War College in 1972. He became an adjunct profes- sor at the University of Texas at Austin in 1987. He was selected as the Lyndon B. Johnson Centennial Chair in National Policy in August 2001 and also served as the Interim Dean at the LBJ School of Public Affairs for the 2005 calendar year. Admiral Inman served in the U.S. Navy from November 1951 to July 1982, when he retired with the permanent rank of admiral. While on active duty, he served as Director of the National

92 APPENDIX B Security Agency and Deputy Director of Central Intelligence. After retiring from the Navy, he was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC) in Austin, Texas, for four years and Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer of Westmark Systems, Inc., a privately owned elec- tronics industry holding company for three years. Admiral Inman also served as Chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas from 1987 to 1990. Admiral Inman’s primary activity since 1990 has been investing in start-up technology companies such as Gefinor Ventures, where he is now a managing director. He is a member of the board of directors of several privately held companies. He serves as a Trustee of the American Assembly and of the California Institute of Technology. He is a Direc- tor of the Public Agenda Foundation and is an elected Fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration. Anita Jones Anita K. Jones is a University Professor and the Lawrence R. ­Quarles Professor of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of V ­ irginia. She came to the university in 1988 to serve as chair of the Department of Computer Science. The Honorable Anita Jones served as the Director of Defense Research and Engineering for the U.S. Depart- ment of Defense from 1993 to 1997, where she managed the depart- ment’s science and technology program. She has served on the boards of several government organizations, including serving as the vice chair of the National Science Board. She is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, the Defense Science Board, the Charles Starke Draper Foundation, the board of trustees of InQTel, the governing board of Science Foundation Arizona, and the MIT Corporation Executive Com- mittee. Professor Jones is a fellow of several professional societies and she has been awarded honorary doctorate degrees by Carnegie Mellon University and Duke University. She has been awarded the Department of Defense Award for Distinguished Public Service, the Ada Lovelace Award from the Association of Women in Computing, and the ­Founder’s Award of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The U.S. Navy named a seamount in the North Pacific Ocean (51° 25´ N and 159° 10´ W) for her. Judith A. Miller Judith Miller is Senior Vice President of the Bechtel Group, general counsel, and a member of the board of directors. Prior to joining the

APPENDIX B 93 Bechtel Group in 2006, she was a partner with Williams & Connolly LLP. Her practice included a wide range of complex civil litigation and business-related criminal litigation, corporate and individual offi- cer counseling, internal investigations, and issues affecting the defense industry. She returned to the firm in January 2000, after having been the longest-serving general counsel of the Department of Defense (1994 to 1999). As general counsel she had responsibility for advising the S ­ ecretary of Defense and his leadership team on the breadth of legal and policy issues that came before the department, including mergers and acquisitions, international affairs and intelligence matters, operations law, acquisition and business reform, major procurements, significant litigation, and investigations. Ms. Miller is the Chair of the American Bar Associations Section on Litigation. Norman P. Neureiter Norman Neureiter is the Director of the AAAS Center for Science, Technology and Security Policy, having started the Center at AAAS in 2004 under a grant from the MacArthur Foundation. He received a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from the University of Rochester in 1952 and a doctorate in organic chemistry from Northwestern University in 1957. He spent a year (1955 to 1956) as a Fulbright Fellow in the Institute of Organic Chemistry at the University of Munich. In 1957 he joined Humble Oil and Refining Co. (now part of Exxon) in Baytown, Texas, as a research chemist, also teaching German and Russian at the University of Houston. On leave from Humble in 1959, he served as a guide at the U.S. National Exhibition in Moscow, subsequently quali- fying as an escort interpreter for the Department of State. In 1963 he joined the International Affairs Office of the National Science Foun- dation in Washington and managed the newly established U.S.-Japan Cooperative Science Program. Entering the U.S. Foreign Service in 1965, he was named Deputy Scientific Attaché at the U.S. Embassy in Bonn. In 1967, he was transferred to Warsaw as the first U.S. scientific attaché in Eastern Europe with responsibility for Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. Dr. Neureiter returned to Washington in 1969 as Assis- tant for International Affairs to the President’s Science Advisor in the White House Office of Science and Technology. He left the government in 1973 and joined Texas Instruments (TI), where he held a number of staff and management positions including Manager, East-West Business Development; Manager, TI Europe Division; Vice President, Corporate Staff; and Vice President of TI Asia, residing in Tokyo from 1989 to

94 APPENDIX B 1994. After retirement from TI in 1996, he worked as a consultant until being appointed in September 2000 as the first science and technology adviser to the U.S. Secretary of State. Finishing the three-year assign- ment in 2003, he was made a Distinguished Presidential Fellow for International Affairs at the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and in 2008 was awarded the Academy’s Public Welfare Medal. John S. Parker John S. Parker (Major General, U.S. Army–Ret.) is Senior Vice Presi- dent and Technical Fellow, Science Applications International Corpo- ration (SAIC). John S. Parker, M.D., joined SAIC to lead its efforts to ­ support the national homeland defense initiatives in the areas of chemical and biological defense, public health, and bio-surveillance. An expert in biological defense and medical research, Parker recently retired as commanding general of the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (MRMC) in Fort Detrick, Maryland, where he was responsible for the Army’s medical research, product development, technology assessment, rapid prototyping, medical logis- tics management, health facility planning, medical information manage- ment, and advanced technology. Dr. Parker held a variety of senior-level positions in the Department of Defense health system during his 37-year career on active duty, including Assistant Surgeon General for Force Protection; Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, Health Policy and Ser- vices; Lead Agent for the Military Health System’s TRICARE Region 8; S ­ urgical Consultant to the U.S. Military European Theater Commander- in-Chief; and Commander of Fitzsimons Army Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado. His professional affiliations include Diplomat status in the General Surgery Board and the Thoracic Surgery Board. He is a ­Fellow of the American College of Surgeons and of the American College of Chest Physicians. Dr. Parker is an Associate Professor of Surgery at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. He serves on numerous boards and non-profit institutions, with the exception of the National Functional Genomics Center where he serves as chairman. Suzanne D. Patrick Suzanne Patrick is a consultant on aerospace, defense, and national secu- rity matters. She is the former Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Industrial Policy. In that position, Patrick was responsible for all deci- sions regarding mergers and acquisitions, domestic and foreign, affect- ing the U.S. defense industry; the Department’s relations with NATO

APPENDIX B 95 defense and aerospace industries; and the overall health of the U.S. defense industrial base. She brought to this position more than 20 years of experience in aerospace industry finance and weapons systems acqui- sition for U.S. and NATO forces. Patrick began her career at the Naval Air Systems Command as program manager for the Royal Netherlands Navy P-3 antisubmarine warfare aircraft project. She also worked on the staff of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air ­Warfare), where she was responsible for all international aviation programs and associated technology transfer issues. In 1985 she joined the staff of the Secretary of the Navy as Deputy Director for the Congressional Liaison and Weapons Systems Acquisition for the Navy’s $10 billion research and development budget. From 1987 to 1990, she worked with Sanford C. Bernstein & Co. Inc., providing investment recommendations on the aerospace and defense industry to portfolio managers. Patrick is an honors graduate of Randolph-Macon Woman’s College in Lynchburg, Virginia, where she was a George C. Marshall Scholar. She also has a master of arts degree in national security studies from Georgetown Uni- versity, as well as certificates in international relations and aerodynamic design from, respectively, the Institut d’Études Politiques in Paris and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Elizabeth Rindskopf Parker Elizabeth Rindskopf Parker is Dean of the McGeorge School of Law of the University of the Pacific. Rindskopf Parker joined McGeorge from her position as general counsel for the University of Wisconsin system. Dean Rindskopf Parker’s expertise in national security and terrorism comes from 11 years of federal service, first as general counsel of the National Security Agency, from 1984 to 1989; then as Principal Deputy Legal Adviser at the U.S. Department of State, from 1989 to 1990; and as general counsel for the CIA, from 1990 to 1995. From 1979 to 1981, she served as Acting Assistant Director for mergers and acquisitions at the Federal Trade Commission. In addition to this experience managing government legal offices, Dean Rindskopf Parker also served as Director of the New Haven Legal Assistance Association, Inc. While at the inter- national law firm of Bryan Cave, LLP, Dean Rindskopf Parker counseled clients on public policy and international trade issues, particularly in the areas of encryption and advanced technology, U.S.-Sino relations, and nuclear non-proliferation. Dean Rindskopf Parker is a leading expert on anti-terrorism law. Her expertise includes law of national security and terrorism, international relations, public policy and technology develop-

96 APPENDIX B ment and transfer, and commerce and litigation in the area of civil rights and liberties. Deanne C. Siemer Deanne Siemer is Managing Director for Wilsie Co. LLC, Washington D.C., and works primarily in the field of corporate and government strat- egy consulting. The company provides consulting advice with respect to strategic planning, options, including risk assessment and valuation of potential outcomes, and management of strategic alternatives. Wilsie Co. also provides pro bono consulting services to public service organi- zations. Prior to joining Wilsie Co. in 1995, Ms. Siemer was in private law practice for 15 years as a partner at the Washington, D.C., firm of Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering and in the Washington office of Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman. She also serves as a neutral mediator, evaluator, and arbitrator in court-sponsored and private assignments. Her govern- ment experience includes service as General Counsel, Department of Defense; special counsel to the President of the United States; consul- tant to the Department of Justice; and economist, Office of Management and Budget. Her responsibilities as general counsel included defense procurement, oversight of foreign intelligence and counter-intelligence activities within the Defense Department and coordination with other agencies, and management of the defense justice system. For her service at the Defense Department, Ms. Siemer was awarded the Secretary of Defense medal for Distinguished Public Service. Since returning to the private sector, she has undertaken representation and consulting assign- ments with respect to defense and intelligence matters. Ms. Siemer is an elected member of the American Law Institute and serves as a trustee of the National Institute for Trial Advocacy. She has published 12 books in the fields of strategy, trial practice, and post-World War II political history. Mitchel B. Wallerstein Mitchel Wallerstein is Dean of the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs of Syracuse University and Professor of Political S ­ cience and Public Administration. Before joining the Maxwell School, Dr. Wallerstein was Vice President of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, where he directed the Program on Global Secu- rity and Sustainability. He served from 1993 to 1997 as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Counterproliferation Policy and Senior Defense Representative for Trade Security Policy. For his contributions, he was

APPENDIX B 97 awarded the Secretary of Defense medal for Distinguished Public Service in 1996, and The Bronze Palm to that award in 1997. Prior to joining the Department of Defense, Dr. Wallerstein was the Deputy Executive Officer of the National Academies’ NRC. While at the NRC, he directed a series of highly acclaimed studies for the U.S. government on national security export controls. Earlier in his career, Dr. Wallerstein served on the faculty at MIT, and from 1991 to 1997, he was an adjunct professor at the Paul H. Nitze School for Advanced International Studies of the Johns Hopkins University; and he was Distinguished Research Professor at the National Defense University from 1997 to 1998. Dr. Wallerstein is the author of numerous books, articles, and reports on technology and national security matters. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the International Institute for Strategic Studies, and a Fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.

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The national security controls that regulate access to and export of science and technology are broken. As currently structured, many of these controls undermine our national and homeland security and stifle American engagement in the global economy, and in science and technology. These unintended consequences arise from policies that were crafted for an earlier era. In the name of maintaining superiority, the U.S. now runs the risk of becoming less secure, less competitive and less prosperous.

Beyond "Fortress America" provides an account of the costs associated with building walls that hamper our access to global science and technology that dampen our economic potential. The book also makes recommendations to reform the export control process, ensure scientific and technological competitiveness, and improve the non-immigrant visa system that regulates entry into the United States of foreign science and engineering students, scholars, and professionals.

Beyond "Fortress America" contains vital information and action items for the President and policy makers that will affect the United States' ability to compete globally. Interested parties—including military personnel, engineers, scientists, professionals, industrialists, and scholars—will find this book a valuable tool for stemming a serious decline affecting broad areas of the nation's security and economy.

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