National Academies Press: OpenBook

Mapping the Zone: Improving Flood Map Accuracy (2009)

Chapter: Appendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2009. Mapping the Zone: Improving Flood Map Accuracy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12573.
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Page 121
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2009. Mapping the Zone: Improving Flood Map Accuracy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12573.
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Page 122

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Appendix D Acronyms and Abbreviations 1-D one-dimensional HEC-RAS Hydrologic Engineering Center- 2-D two-dimensional River Analysis System 3-D three-dimensional HEC-SSP Hydrologic Engineering Center- Statistical Software Package ADCIRC Advanced Circulation (model) ADJREG adjusted regional regression ICPR Interconnected Pond Routing (equation) (model) AIGA Adaptation of Geographical IFSAR interferometric synthetic aperture Information for Flood Warning radar APPROX approximate study IPET Interagency Performance APPROX-NED approximate study using the Evaluation Taskforce National Elevation Dataset JPM Joint Probability Method BFE base flood elevation LDSNAT limited detailed study, national cfs cubic feet per second LDSNC limited detailed study, North CHAMP Coastal Hazards Analysis and Carolina Modeling Program (model) lidar light detection and ranging LOMC Letter of Map Change DEM digital elevation model DFIRM digital Flood Insurance Rate Map MHHW mean higher high water (datum) DS detailed study MHW mean high water (datum) MLLW mean lower low water (datum) EST Empirical Simulation Technique MLW mean low water (datum) MNUSS Map Needs Update Support FEMA Federal Emergency Management System Agency MTL mean tide level (datum) FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Map NAVD 88 North American Vertical Datum GIS geographic information system of 1988 GPS Global Positioning System NCFMP North Carolina Floodplain Mapping Program 121

122 APPENDIX D NED National Elevation Dataset RR rainfall runoff (model) NFIP National Flood Insurance Program NGS National Geodetic Survey SAC-SMA Sacramento Soil Moisture NGVD 29 National Geodetic Vertical Datum Accounting (model) of 1929 SFHA Special Flood Hazard Area NHD National Hydrography Dataset SWEL stillwater elevation NOAA National Oceanic and SWFWMD Southwest Florida Water Atmospheric Administration Management District NOS National Ocean Service NRC National Research Council TRB Transportation Research Board NWLON National Water Level Observation Network USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USGS U.S. Geological Survey REG regional regression (equation) REGLOW regional regression, 95 percent WHAFIS Wave Height Analysis for Flood lower confidence limit (equation) Insurance Studies (model) REGUP regional regression, 95 percent upper confidence limit (equation)

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Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps portray the height and extent to which flooding is expected to occur, and they form the basis for setting flood insurance premiums and regulating development in the floodplain. As such, they are an important tool for individuals, businesses, communities, and government agencies to understand and deal with flood hazard and flood risk. Improving map accuracy is therefore not an academic question—better maps help everyone.

Making and maintaining an accurate flood map is neither simple nor inexpensive. Even after an investment of more than $1 billion to take flood maps into the digital world, only 21 percent of the population has maps that meet or exceed national flood hazard data quality thresholds. Even when floodplains are mapped with high accuracy, land development and natural changes to the landscape or hydrologic systems create the need for continuous map maintenance and updates.

Mapping the Zone examines the factors that affect flood map accuracy, assesses the benefits and costs of more accurate flood maps, and recommends ways to improve flood mapping, communication, and management of flood-related data.

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