. "Appendix B: Safety and Environmental Metrics Employed by Private Companies Surveyed for This Report." Evaluation of Safety and Environmental Metrics for Potential Application at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009.
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Evaluation of Safety and Environmental Metrics for Potential Application at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities
Appendix B Safety and Environmental Metrics Employed by PrivateCompanies Surveyed for This Report
Table B-1 compiles the safety and environmental metrics used by the private companies surveyed for this report. These metrics and those of some other government organizations are discussed in Chapter 4.
TABLE B-1 Safety and Environmental Metrics Employed by Private Companies Surveyed for This Report
The percentage of safe behaviors should be less than 100 percent since your program should be looking at behaviors that you want to change and at behaviors that you are getting much better at
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Evaluation of Safety and Environmental Metrics for Potential Application at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities
Appendix B
Safety and Environmental Metrics Employed by Private Companies Surveyed for This Report
Table B-1 compiles the safety and environmental metrics used by the private companies surveyed for this report. These metrics and those of some other government organizations are discussed in Chapter 4.
TABLE B-1 Safety and Environmental Metrics Employed by Private Companies Surveyed for This Report
Measure
Area
Definition
Type
Comments
Number of recordable injuries (RIs) or illnesses
Personal safety
Lagging
Per OSHA requirements
Number of lost workday cases (LWCs)
Personal safety
Lagging
Per OSHA requirements
Contractor injury or illness rate
Personal safety
Number of RIs per number of work hours × 200,000
Lagging
RMTC, RWC, and DAWC (all OSHA definitions)
Company injury or illness rate
Personal safety
Number of RIs per number of work hours × 200,000
Lagging
RMTC, RWC, and DAWC (all OSHA definitions)
Near miss
Personal/environmental/transportation/process safety
Number of unsafe conditions or events that almost injured someone but didn’t or almost spilled something but didn’t
Leading
Can identify unsafe conditions, safety incidents that could have been more serious in different circumstances, etc.
Corrective and preventive actions
Personal/environmental/transportation/process safety
Proportion of corrective and preventive actions closed on time to total number of action items
Leading
Percent of action items related to employee health and safety (EH&S) incidents that have been closed by the due date
Behavior-based process (BBP) observation
Personal/environmental/transportation/process safety
Number of observations of behavior as part of a behavior-based safety program
Leading
Total number of observations made of a work group in a given time
Percent safe BBP observations
Personal/environmental/transportation/process safety
Number of safe behaviors/total behaviors
Leading
The percentage of safe behaviors should be less than 100 percent since your program should be looking at behaviors that you want to change and at behaviors that you are getting much better at
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Evaluation of Safety and Environmental Metrics for Potential Application at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities
Measure
Area
Definition
Type
Comments
BBP observation—analysis to drive behavior change
Personal safety
Number of analyses performed
Leading
Should analyze the antecedents and consequences of an unwanted behavior at least quarterly. Behavior might be improved by adjusting an antecedent
BBP observation—driving behavior change
Personal safety
Number of critical behaviors that reached habit strength
Leading
Try to drive at least one behavior to habit strength per year by adjusting the antecedents and consequences of that behavior
Procedure use
Personal/process safety
Number of critical procedures used/number of critical procedure required tasks performed
Leading
Can be daily, weekly, or monthly depending on the size of the organization. Tasks that require a critical procedure are defined by the facility
Quality of root cause investigation (RCI)
Personal/environmental/transportation/process safety
Number of minimum quality criteria met for the RCIs in a given period
Leading
RCI minimum criteria are defined by the company
Pretask hazard assessment participation
Personal safety
Number of pretask hazard assessments performed
Leading
Assessment can be conducted per person or per work group, weekly or monthly
Performance tracking on permits
Personal safety
Number of defects found per permit
Leading
Permit documentation is audited and any mistake or omission is a defect (safe work permit/isolation of energy/confined space entry)
Training timeliness
Personal/environmental/transportation/process safety
Required training completed on time—not overdue.
Leading
Overdue EH&S training is a sign of a slipping safety culture and priority.
Compliance task tool
Personal/environmental/transportation/process safety
Number of required compliance tasks overdue/total number of required compliance tasks
Leading
Overdue safety compliance tasks are a sign of slipping safety culture and priority. An example of these tasks is fire extinguisher inspections.
Severity rate
Personal safety
Number of (RMTC × 1) + (RWC × 3) + (DAWC × 9) + (fatalities × 27) per 200,000 work hours
Lagging
Gives a weighted rate.
DAWC count
Personal safety
Number of DAWCs
Lagging
DAWC rate
Personal safety
Number of DAWC per 200,000 work hours
Lagging
Loss of primary containment (LOPC) count
Personal safety
Number of LOPCs
Lagging
For example, leaks, breaks, and spills
Severe LOPC (Categories 1,1A, and 2A)
Personal/environmental/process safety
Number of Category 1, 1A, and 2A LOPCs
Lagging
Category 1 is any loss of primary containment resulting in the release of >5,000 lb flammable chemical. Category 1A is a release causing a DAWC. Category 2A is a spill resulting in a RI.
Category 4 LOPC count
Personal/environmental/process safety
Number of Category 4 LOPCs
Leading
Category 4 is a minor spill of <100 lb that has no measurable impact on people or the environment.
Ratio of Category 4 LOPC to Categories 1, 2, and 3 LOPCs
Personal safety
Ratio of Category 4 LOPCs to all other categories of LOPCs
Leading
Try to achieve a 40:1 ratio in order to find the small spills and fix them before they become larger spills. (Category 2 is a loss of primary containment with a release of >1,000 lb or an RMTC or a RWC (2A). Category 3 is any LOPC that loses >100 lb of chemical or 1,000 lb of dry inert solids).
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Evaluation of Safety and Environmental Metrics for Potential Application at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities
Measure
Area
Definition
Type
Comments
Number of process safety events
Process safety
Number of events within a specified time period. The severity of events may be low, medium, or high.
Both lagging and leading
For near misses, it’s a leading indicator.
Number of fatality potential events
Personal/transportation/process safety
Number of such events within a specified time period
Lagging
Measure progress in addressing high potential events
Motor vehicle accident (MVA) count
Transportation
Number of MVAs
Lagging
An MVA is a motor vehicle accident resulting in personal injury or at least $500 in damage.
MVA rate
Transportation
Number of MVAs per million miles driven
Lagging
Includes all miles driven from company owned, leased, or rented vehicles and miles driven on company business from personal vehicles
Number of preventable accidents or number of preventable accidents per unit time or distance
Transportation
Number of preventable product-carrying vehicle accidents or a rate based on this number
Lagging
Number of high-severity accidents or number of high-severity accidents per unit time or distance
Transportation
Number of high-severity product-carrying vehicle accidents or a rate based on this number
Lagging
Number of rollovers/rollover rate
Transportation
Number of product carrying vehicle rollovers or a rate based on this number
Lagging
Energy intensity
Environmental
British thermal units per pound production
Lagging
Greenhouse gas (GHG) energy efficiency
Environmental
Quantity of carbon dioxide (CO2) generated per unit of production
Lagging
Wastewater intensity
Environmental
Pounds of wastewater per pound of production
Lagging
Water that is treated at a wastewater treatment facility
Waste intensity
Environmental
Pounds of waste per pound of production
Lagging
Material that receives end-of-pipe treatment; report as the bulk amount prior to treatment.
Total waste weight
Environmental
Weight by type and disposal method
Lagging
Chemical emissions
Environmental
Chemical emissions (tons)
Lagging
Material that is released to the environment that does not receive end-of-pipe treatment (not including water). Chemical emissions exclude conventional emissions such as combustion products (nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, CO2, and particulates), methane, and hydrogen. Also excluded are the “normally excluded as an emission” compounds from GEI such as nitrogen, oxygen, water, aluminum, and salts (chlorides, sulfates, hydroxides, oxides, hypochlorite, and carbonates).
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Evaluation of Safety and Environmental Metrics for Potential Application at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities
Measure
Area
Definition
Type
Comments
Priority compound emissions
Environmental
Priority compounds (tons)
Lagging
A list of priority chemicals that include persistent bioaccumulative and toxic compounds; selected known human carcinogens; selected ozone depletors; and high-volume toxic compounds
Volatile organic compound emissions
Environmental
Volatile organic compounds (tons)
Lagging
Total water use
Environmental
Pounds or gallons water used/time period
Lagging
Direct GHG emissions
Environmental
CO2-equivalent metric tons
Lagging
Direct GHG emissions are those that are emitted from a company location. Direct emissions include all GHGs emitted from any on-site fugitive or air point source.
Kyoto GHGs as CO2-equivalent intensity
Environmental
Pounds of CO2-equivalent per pound production
Lagging
Assessment compliance performance
Personal/environmental/transportation/process safety
Assigned grade to each area reviewed in assessment
Leading
Commonly understood measure for assessing improvement in performance
Percent of safety alerts completed
Personal/environmental/transportation/process safety
Percent completion by facilities covered by alerts
Leading
Drives implementation of lessons learned from safety incidents
Number of potential environmental noncompliances
Environmental
Internally reported potential environmental noncompliances per month
Leading
Proactive measure of effectiveness of environmental program
Number of significant environmental spills
Environmental
Spills per unit time
Lagging
Toxic release inventory on site releases
Environmental
Number of releases per unit time
Lagging
NOTE: RCI, root cause investigation; OSHA, Occupational Safety and Health Administration; RMTC, reportable medical treatment case; RWC, restricted work case; DAWC, days away from work case; LOPC, loss of primary containment; BBP, behavior-based process; RCI, root cause investigation; ES&H, employee safety and health; RI, recordable injury; GHG, greenhouse gas; GEI, greenhouse gas emissions.
SOURCE: Data provided by Corning, Dow Chemical, Motorola, and Praxair.
